aDivision of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
bGraduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
cDepartment of Family Medicine, Obesity Research Institute, Seoul-Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
© 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Variable | Cluster 1 (n = 117)a,∗ | Cluster 2 (n = 167)a,∗ |
---|---|---|
Factor 1 | 0.5 ± 1.1 | −0.3 ± 0.8 |
Factor 2 | −0.6 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.9 |
Factor 3 | −0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.3 ± 1.0 |
Variable | Korean diet (n = 117)a | Western diet (n = 167)a |
---|---|---|
White rice∗∗∗ | 16.2 ± 5.5 | 13.0 ± 4.3 |
Other grains∗∗ | 6.5 ± 7.1 | 4.3 ± 5.1 |
Noodles and ramen∗∗∗ | 7.9 ± 10.2 | 12.9 ± 10.0 |
Flour and bread∗∗∗ | 5.5 ± 6.3 | 9.6 ± 8.8 |
Cereals | 1.6 ± 5.3 | 1.3 ± 5.0 |
Cookies, crackers and chips∗∗ | 0.8 ± 2.5 | 2.2 ± 4.4 |
Pizza and hamburger∗∗∗ | 0.8 ± 5.0 | 5.4 ± 10.1 |
Potatoes∗∗∗ | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 2.3 ± 2.5 |
Sugars and sweets | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.8 |
Legumes and nuts∗ | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.8 |
Vegetables∗∗ | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1 |
Kimchi∗ | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.2 |
Fruits∗∗ | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 1.5 |
Meats | 4.3 ± 2.9 | 4.4 ± 2.8 |
Processed meats∗ | 2.2 ± 3.7 | 1.3 ± 2.0 |
Poultry∗∗∗ | 1.2 ± 2.8 | 4.1 ± 7.1 |
Eggs | 3.2 ± 2.0 | 3.0 ± 1.7 |
Fish and seaweeds | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 1.1 |
Milk and dairy products∗∗∗ | 3.8 ± 3.6 | 7.4 ± 3.7 |
Seasonings∗∗∗ | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
Beverages∗∗∗ | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1. ± 1.1 |
Variable | Korean diet (n = 117)a | Western diet (n = 167)a |
---|---|---|
Age (in yr) | 7.9 ± 0.3 | 7.9 ± 0.3 |
Boys | 68 (58.1%) | 88 (52.7%) |
Obesityb | 6 (5.1%) | 8 (4.8%) |
Height (cm) | 127.6 ± 4.8 | 128.1 ± 5.2 |
Weight (kg) | 26.8 ± 4.4 | 27.1 ± 5.0 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 16.4 ± 2.0 | 16.4 ± 2.2 |
Body fat (%) | 16.3 ± 5.8 | 16.5 ± 6.2 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 55.5 ± 5.5 | 55.7 ± 5.9 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 65.2 ± 29.4 | 63.5 ± 33.3 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 163.1 ± 25.4 | 172.6 ± 28.6 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 60.5 ± 12.2 | 60.6 ± 11.1 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 82.1 ± 7.2 | 81.4 ± 6.1 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 91.7 ± 10.0 | 91.5 ± 8.4 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 59.1 ± 7.9 | 58.6 ± 6.8 |
Insulin (μU/mL) | 4.8 ± 2.5 | 4.4 ± 2.6 |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 3.7 ± 3.1 | 4.0 ± 3.6 |
Variables | OR (95% CI) | p valuea |
---|---|---|
DVS | 1.02 (0.98–1.1) | 0.33 |
DDSb | 4.3 (2.6–7.1) | <0.001 |
Obesityc | 1.0 (0.4–3.1) | 0.94 |
Variables | Korean diet (n = 117) | Western diet (n = 167) |
---|---|---|
Plant:animal | ||
Food (%)a,∗ | 77.2:22.8 | 71.9:28.1 |
DVS | 30.7 ± 6.6b | 31.4 ± 6.4b |
DDS∗ | 3.1 ± 0.6b | 3.5 ± 0.4b |
Food groupc | Korean diet (n = 117 × 3) | Western diet (n = 167 × 3) |
Grains | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Meats | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) |
Vegetables | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) |
Fruits∗∗ | 89 (30.1) | 89 (19.2) |
Milk and dairy∗ | 156 (52.7) | 118 (25.4) |