aDivision of Epidemiology and Health Index, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
bDepartment of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
cDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine & Science, Incheon, Korea
© 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Characteristics |
Before matching (n = 5560) |
After matching (n = 4306) |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower calciumb | Higher calciumc | p | Lower calciumb | Higher calciumc | p | |
Age, years | 50.5 ± 8.7 | 51.5 ± 8.5 | <0.001 | 51.1 ± 0.2 | 51.0 ± 0.2 | 0.724 |
Smoking, n (%) | 0.027 | 0.514 | ||||
Never | 1619 (56.5) | 1603 (59.4) | 1300 (60.4) | 1279 (59.4) | ||
Ever | 1245 (43.5) | 1093 (40.5) | 853 (39.6) | 874 (40.6) | ||
Area, n (%) | 0.254 | 0.170 | ||||
Ansung (rural) | 1403 (49.0) | 1362 (50.5) | 1092 (50.7) | 1047 (48.6) | ||
Ansan (urban) | 1461 (51.0) | 1334 (49.5) | 1061 (49.3) | 1106 (51.4) | ||
Plasma calcium, mmol/L | 2.26 ± 0.0 | 2.45 ± 0.0 | <0.001 | 2.27 ± 0.0 | 2.45 ± 0.0 | <0.001 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 113.9 ± 0.2 | 114.9 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | 114.5 ± 0.2 | 114.6 ± 0.2 | 0.675 |
Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 87.0 ± 11.3 | 88.1 ± 5.7 | <0.001 | 87.0 ± 11.3 | 87.7 ± 5.0 | 0.006 |
Microalbuminuria, n (%) | 102 (3.6) | 228 (8.5) | <0.001 | 100 (4.6) | 103 (4.8) | 0.829 |
Serum glucose, mmol/L | 4.72 ± 0.02 | 4.61 ± 0.03 | 0.002 | 4.59 ± 0.03 | 4.64 ± 0.03 | 0.212 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.6 ± 0.1 | 24.4 ± 0.1 | 0.011 | 24.5 ± 0.1 | 24.5 ± 0.1 | 0.810 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.93 ± 0.02 | 4.88 ± 0.02 | 0.031 | 4.87 ± 0.02 | 4.89 ± 0.02 | 0.554 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.18 ± 0.0 | 1.13 ± 0.0 | <0.001 | 1.17 ± 0.01 | 1.14 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
Triacylglyceride, mmol/L | 3.68 ± 0.04 | 4.35 ± 0.05 | <0.001 | 3.82 ± 0.05 | 4.25 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
GTP, U/L | 29.4 ± 0.9 | 33.8 ± 1.2 | 0.003 | 30.3 ± 1.1 | 30.7 ± 1.0 | 0.813 |
No. cases/total | Person-years |
Unadjusted |
Adjustedb |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95%CI) | p | HR (95%CI) | p | |||
Before matching | 1016/5560 | 25,810 | 1.42 (1.25−1.61) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.14−1.47) | <0.001 |
After matchingc | 776/4306 | 20,016 | 1.24 (1.07−1.42) | 0.003 | 1.24 (1.07−1.43) | 0.004 |