Figure 1Schematic illustration of foot pressure areas determined by the pressure mapping tool.
Table 1General characteristics of participants (n = 52).
Weight group |
Age (y) |
Height (cm) |
Weight (kg) |
BMI (kg/m2) |
Gender |
Normal |
23.65 ± 1.55 |
165.65 ± 8.02 |
58.13 ± 8.56 |
21.11 ± 2.06 |
M (9), F (17) |
Obese |
24.50 ± 2.30 |
169.96 ± 9.04 |
83.31 ± 19.35 |
29.11 ± 3.98 |
M (12), F (14) |
Table 2Comparison of foot structure, and function between the normal and obese weight groups (n = 52).
|
Normal weight group |
Obese weight group |
t |
p
|
NDT (mm) |
4.19 ± 3.31 |
9.23 ± 3.24 |
−5.55 |
0.001 |
PFT (cm) |
0.32 ± 0.04 |
0.42 ± 0.06 |
−7.26 |
0.001 |
ADF (°) |
28.08 ± 8.50 |
27.50 ± 9.82 |
0.23 |
0.822 |
APF (°) |
55.00 ± 12.08 |
56.54 ± 12.57 |
−0.44 |
0.659 |
ADFS (N/kg) |
1.82 ± 0.40 |
1.88 ± 0.59 |
−0.47 |
0.641 |
APFS (N/kg) |
1.90 ± 0.30 |
2.04 ± 0.43 |
−1.37 |
0.177 |
AES (N/kg) |
1.07 ± 0.17 |
0.91 ± 0.20 |
3.13 |
0.003 |
AIS (N/kg) |
0.90 ± 0.21 |
0.95 ± 0.20 |
−0.75 |
0.458 |
FADI (%) |
95.35 ± 7.99 |
94.58 ± 8.42 |
0.34 |
0.736 |
FADI-Sport (%) |
93.63 ± 12.23 |
91.71 ± 11.55 |
0.58 |
0.563 |
Table 3Comparison of foot pressure and balance between normal and obese weight groups (n = 52).
|
Normal weight group |
Obese weight group |
t |
p
|
FPBFS (mmHg/cm2) |
523.38 ± 178.25 |
704.54 ± 217.01 |
−3.29 |
0.002 |
FPBFF (mmHg/cm2) |
491.46 ± 157.35 |
571.73 ± 184.54 |
−1.69 |
0.098 |
FPH (mmHg/cm2) |
736.58 ± 185.13 |
992.42 ± 216.56 |
−4.58 |
0.001 |
OLS-APS (cm) |
1.56 ± 0.35 |
1.88 ± 0.60 |
−2.30 |
0.025 |
OLS-LRS (cm) |
2.13 ± 0.70 |
2.52 ± 1.13 |
−1.51 |
0.138 |
Table 4Intra and inter-rater reliability of measurements of plantar fascia (n = 10).
|
Inter-rater |
Intra-rater |
|
ICC2,1
|
95% CI |
ICC3,1
|
95% CI |
Plantar fascia |
0.894 |
0.727 – 0.970 |
0.947 |
0.855 – 0.985 |