aFaculty of Public Health, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
bFaculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
cFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Copyright ©2019, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Determinant | Birth weight (g) | Birth length (cm) | ||
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Mean ± SD | p | Mean ± SD | p | |
Exposed to secondhand smoke (ng/mL) | ||||
Nicotine = 1 (n = 35) | 2,916.5 ± 327.3 | 0.014* | 48.3 ± 1.8 | 0.387 |
Nicotine < 1 (n = 93) | 3,094.1 ± 371.9 | 48.7 ± 1.9 | ||
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Pre-pregnancy BMI | ||||
Underweight (n = 14) | 2,910.7 ± 340.5 | 1.000 | 47.9 ± 1.9 | 0.100 |
Overweight (n = 32) | 3,241.7 ± 345.9 | 0.003* | 49.3 ± 2.0 | 0.051 |
Normal (n = 82) | 2,991.9 ± 355.4 | 48.4 ± 1.9 | ||
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Maternal weight gain | ||||
Low (n = 46) | 2,905.5 ± 294.2 | 0.036* | 47.9 ± 1.9 | 0.058 |
Over (n = 26) | 3,210.9 ± 317.6 | 0.390 | 49.1 ± 1.5 | 1.000 |
Normal (n = 56) | 3,083.7 ± 405.7 | 48.8 ± 2.1 | ||
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Hemoglobin | ||||
Anemia (n = 65) | 3,013.3 ± 383.3 | 0.316 | 48.6 ± 1.9 | 0.966 |
Non-anemia (n = 63) | 3,078.7 ± 350.8 | 48.6 ± 1.9 | ||
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Maternal age | ||||
< 20 years (n = 9) | 2,965.6 ± 185.7 | 1.000 | 47.8 ± 0.8 | 0.749 |
> 35 years (n = 14) | 3,051.1 ± 373.1 | 1.000 | 48.6 ± 2.0 | 1.000 |
20–35 years (n = 105) | 3,055.0 ± 425.5 | 48.9 ± 1.9 | ||
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Parity | ||||
≥ 2 (n = 43) | 3,059.5 ± 358.1 | 0.760 | 48.8 ± 2.1 | 0.418 |
< 2 (n = 85) | 3,038.4 ± 364.1 | 48.5 ± 1.9 |