Figure 1
Association between self-efficacy, general health and burnout using a structural equation model.
W_B = willingness to initiate behavior; W_E = willingness to expand effort; F_A = face of adversity; Phy = somatic symptoms; Anx = anxiety/insomnia; Dys = social dysfunction; Dep = severe depression; E-EX = emotional exhaustion; P_A = reduced personal accomplishment; D_P = depersonalization; Con = conflict.
Table 1The mean scores of variables in the study sample.
Variables |
Mean ± SD |
General health |
28.24 ± 11.14 |
|
Self-efficacy |
62.30 ± 9.21 |
|
Burnout |
81.67 ± 22.18 |
Emotional exhaustion |
22.39 ± 14.28 |
Lack of personal accomplishment |
41.93 ± 12.56 |
Depersonalization |
7.23 ± 4.72 |
Conflict |
10.14 ± 5.70 |
Table 2Relationship between demographic variables with self-efficacy.
Variable |
Self-efficacy |
X2
|
p
|
|
Low (n = 70) |
High (n = 179) |
General health status |
Normal |
8 (9.6) |
75 (90.4) |
21.030 |
0.001 |
Adverse |
62 (37.3) |
104 (62.7) |
|
Age (y) |
< 30 |
17 (29.8) |
40 (70.2) |
0.455 |
0.797 |
30–40 |
33 (29.2) |
80 (70.8) |
> 40 |
20 (25.3) |
59 (74.7) |
|
Work experience (y) |
< 10 |
39 (29.8) |
92 (70.2) |
0.496 |
0.780 |
10–20 |
20 (27.4) |
53 (72.6) |
> 20 |
11 (24.4) |
34 (75.6) |
|
Gender |
Male |
21 (22.8) |
71 (77.2) |
2.018 |
0.155 |
Female |
49 (31.2) |
108 (68.8) |
|
Education |
≤ High school diploma |
7 (29.2) |
17 (70.8) |
0.150 |
0.9 |
> High school diploma |
63 (28.0) |
162 (72) |
|
Marital status |
Single |
17 (38.6) |
27 (61.4) |
2.929 |
0.087 |
Married |
53 (25.9) |
152 (74.1) |
|
Satisfaction with income |
Satisfied |
15 (35.7) |
27 (64.3) |
1.445 |
0.486 |
Partly satisfied |
42 (26.6) |
116 (73.4) |
Dissatisfied |
13 (26.5) |
36 (73.5) |
|
Essential life facilities |
Poor |
6 (42.9) |
8 (57.1) |
3.745 |
0.154 |
Medium |
47 (30.3) |
108 (69.7) |
Good |
17 (21.2) |
63 (78.8) |
|
Interest in job |
Slightly |
2 (12.5) |
14 (87.5) |
3.558 |
0.313 |
Mildly |
13 (24.1) |
41 (75.9) |
Very |
42 (32.3) |
88 (67.7) |
Extremely |
13 (26.5) |
36 (73.5) |
Table 3Relationship of demographic variables with general health.
|
General health |
X2
|
p
|
|
Variable normal (n = 83) |
Slight disorder (n = 132) |
Moderate disorder (n = 30) |
Extreme disorder (n = 4) |
Age (y) |
< 30 |
15 (26.3) |
33 (57.9) |
6 (10.5) |
3 (5.3) |
10.49 |
0.106 |
30–40 |
36 (31.9) |
59 (52.2) |
17 (15.0) |
1 (0.9) |
> 40 |
32 (40.5) |
40 (50.6) |
7 (8.9) |
0 (0) |
|
Work experience (y) |
< 10 |
39 (29.8) |
71 (54.2) |
17 (13.0) |
4 (3.1) |
5.84 |
0.441 |
10–20 |
25 (34.2) |
39 (53.4) |
9 (12.3) |
0 (0) |
> 20 |
19 (42.2) |
22 (48.9) |
4 (8.9) |
0 (0) |
|
Gender |
Male |
42 (45.7) |
45 (48.9) |
4 (4.3) |
1 (1.1) |
14.531 |
0.002 |
Female |
41 (26.1) |
87 (55.4) |
26 (16.6) |
3 (1.9) |
|
Education |
≤ High school diploma |
8 (33.3) |
15 (62.5) |
1 (4.2) |
0 (0) |
2.25 |
0.520 |
> High school diploma |
75 (33.3) |
117 (52.0) |
29 (12.9) |
4 (1.8) |
|
Marital status |
Single |
9 (20.5) |
26 (59.1) |
7 (15.9) |
2 (4.5) |
6.57 |
0.087 |
Married |
74 (36.1) |
106 (51.7) |
23 (11.2) |
2 (1) |
|
Satisfaction with income |
Satisfied |
14 (33.3) |
23 (54.8) |
4 (9.5) |
1 (2.4) |
8.074 |
0.233 |
Partly satisfied |
57 (36.1) |
84 (53.2) |
16 (10.1) |
1 (0.6) |
Dissatisfied |
12 (24.5) |
25 (51.0) |
10 (20.4) |
2 (4.1) |
|
Essential life facilities |
Poor |
2 (14.3) |
10 (71.4) |
2 (14.3) |
0 (0) |
8.95 |
0.176 |
Medium |
45 (29.0) |
87 (56.1) |
20 (12.9) |
3 (1.9) |
Good |
36 (45.0) |
35 (43.8) |
8 (10.0) |
1 (1.3) |
|
Interest in job |
Slightly |
4 (25.0) |
9 (56.3) |
3 (18.8) |
0 (0) |
10.35 |
0.323 |
Mildly |
13 (24.1) |
32 (59.3) |
8 (14.8) |
1 (1.9) |
Very |
43 (33.1) |
72 (55.4) |
12 (9.2) |
3 (2.3) |
Extremely |
23 (46.9) |
19 (38.8) |
7 (14.3) |
0 (0) |
Table 4Relationship of demographic variables with burnout.
Variables |
Burnout |
X2
|
p
|
|
Low (%) |
Moderate (%) |
Severe (%) |
Age (y) |
< 30 |
10 (17.5) |
45 (78.9) |
2 (3.5) |
2.86 |
0.582 |
30–40 |
13 (11.5) |
91 (80.5) |
9 (8.0) |
> 40 |
8 (10.1) |
65 (82.3) |
6 (7.6) |
|
Work experience (y) |
< 10 |
17 (13.0) |
108 (82.4) |
6 (4.6) |
2.850 |
0.583 |
10–20 |
10 (13.7) |
56 (76.7) |
7 (9.6) |
> 20 |
4 (8.9) |
37 (82.2) |
4 (8.9) |
|
Gender |
Male |
11 (12.0) |
78 (84.8) |
3 (3.3) |
3.045 |
0.218 |
Female |
20 (12.7) |
123 (78.3) |
14 (8.9) |
|
Education (y) |
12 |
1 (4.2) |
22 (91.7) |
1 (4.2) |
2.1 |
0.340 |
> 12 |
30 (13.3) |
179 (79.6) |
16 (7.1) |
|
Marital status |
Single |
12 (27.3) |
31 (70.5) |
1 (2.3) |
11.754 |
0.003 |
Married |
19 (9.3) |
170 (82.9) |
16 (7.8) |
|
Satisfaction with income |
Satisfied |
7 (16.7) |
34 (81.0) |
1 (2.4) |
10.756 |
0.029 |
Partly satisfied |
21 (13.3) |
129 (81.6) |
8 (5.1) |
Dissatisfied |
3 (6.1) |
38 (77.6) |
8 (16.3) |
|
Essential life facilities |
Poor |
3 (21.4) |
9 (64.3) |
2 (14.3) |
3.526 |
0.746 |
Medium |
20 (12.9) |
124 (80.0) |
11 (7.1) |
Good |
8 (10.0) |
68 (85.0) |
4 (5) |
|
Interest in job |
Slightly |
1 (6.3) |
15 (93.8) |
0 (0) |
24.807 |
0.001 |
Mildly |
5 (9.3) |
38 (70.4) |
11 (20.4) |
Very |
21 (16.2) |
103 (79.2) |
6 (4.6) |
Extremely |
4 (3.2) |
45 (91.8) |
0 (0) |
|
Spouse’s job |
Without spouse |
12 (21.1) |
32 (69.6) |
2 (4.3) |
16.5 |
0.036 |
House worker |
6 (13.6) |
37 (74.1) |
1 (2.3) |
Jobless |
1 (25.0) |
3 (75.0) |
0 |
Employee |
1 (8.3) |
102 (84.3) |
9 (7.4) |
Worker |
2 (5.9) |
27 (79.4) |
5 (14.7) |
|
Spouse’s education (y) |
≤ 12 |
18 (18.9) |
73 (76.9) |
4 (4.2) |
7.03 |
0.030 |
> 12 |
13 (8.4) |
128 (83.2) |
13 (8.4) |