Figure 1Flowchart showing activities of students participating in laughter treatment program for employment-stress in Korean student nurses.
Table 1Contents of the Laughter Program for relieving job search stress in student nurses.
Session |
Participant |
Detailed goal |
Detailed activity |
Time (min) |
1 |
Laughter and the connection of happiness |
Intimacy formation Getting to know laughter therapy definition |
|
60 |
2 |
With a smile open thoughts |
Positive effect of laughter The secret of laughter |
|
60 |
3 |
Smile power |
The power of laughter Training for a good impression |
-Smile power*
-The secret of laughter
-Nurse good image*
|
60 |
4 |
The positive response is a shortcut to happiness |
How to share happiness positive response training method |
|
60 |
5 |
With a smile open the body |
Effect of laughter diet the importance of core exercise |
-Imagine skipping
-Laughter diet exercise
|
60 |
6 |
In the hospital communication |
Good image training communicating with laughter |
|
60 |
7 |
Practice laughter |
Practicing family, acquaintance and laughter the importance of laughter practice |
-Make a good impression
-Making laughter muscle
-Living in laughter area
|
60 |
8 |
Clinical laughter therapy |
Use of clinical Laughter Program and preliminary experience |
|
60 |
Table 2A comparison of psychological stress, salivary cortisol, and subjective happiness pre- and post-intervention (N = 48).
Variable |
Group |
Pre |
Post |
t |
p
|
|
|
M ± SD |
M ± SD |
Psychological stress |
Exp (n = 24) |
70.87 ± 6.75 |
50.20 ± 11.97 |
7.94 |
< 0.001 |
Cont (n = 24) |
53.25 ± 9.63 |
73.33 ± 5.82 |
−8.09 |
0.630 |
|
Salivary cortisol*
|
Exp (n = 24) |
0.91 ± 0.74 |
0.61 ± 0.05 |
4.65 |
< 0.001 |
Cont (n = 24) |
0.88 ± 0.68 |
1.21 ± 0.75 |
−8.09 |
< 0.001 |
|
Subjective happiness |
Exp (n = 24) |
17.91 ± 3.83 |
22.87 ± 2.81 |
−5.97 |
< 0.001 |
Cont (n = 24) |
19.75 ± 3.37 |
18.04 ± 3.44 |
1.80 |
0.840 |