Table 1Proportion and length of stay unit: patient, day,(%)
|
|
All
|
Normal
|
Outlier
|
N (%) |
TLOS (%) |
ALOS ± SD |
N (%) |
TLOS (%) |
ALOS ± SD |
N (%) |
TLOS (%) |
ALOS ± SD |
CI |
NOP |
761 |
29,312 |
38.5 ± 98.78 |
746 (98.0) |
20,995 (71.6) |
28.1 ± 31.93 |
15 (2.0) |
8,317 (28.4) |
554.5 ± 429.53 |
OP |
12,086 |
218,488 |
18.1 ± 31.04 |
11,728 (97.0) |
5,920 (75.9) |
14.1 ± 13.39 |
358 (3.0) |
52,568 (24.1) |
146.8 ± 97.95 |
Sum |
12,847 |
247,800 |
19.3 ± 38.82 |
12,474 (97.1) |
186,915 (75.4) |
15.0 ± 15.51 |
373 (2.9) |
60,885 (24.6) |
163.2 ± 150.27 |
IH |
NOP |
1,086 |
49,468 |
45.6 ± 74.01 |
1,049 (96.6) |
36,781 (74.4) |
35.1 ± 35.78 |
37 (3.4) |
12,687 (25.6) |
342.9 ± 183.73 |
OP |
2,243 |
74,156 |
33.1 ± 72.18 |
2,201 (98.1) |
57,068 (77.0) |
25.9 ± 27.97 |
42 (1.9) |
17,088 (23.0) |
406.9 ± 311.60 |
Sum |
3,329 |
123,624 |
37.1 ± 73.01 |
3,250 (97.6) |
93,849 (75.9) |
28.9 ± 31.00 |
79 (2.4) |
29,775 (24.1) |
376.9 ± 260.09 |
SAH |
NOP |
1,009 |
42,853 |
42.5 ± 56.49 |
965 (95.6) |
32,069 (74.8) |
33.2 ± 26.6 |
44 (4.4) |
10,784 (25.2) |
245.1 ± 122.48 |
OP |
686 |
13,713 |
20.0 ± 62.27 |
675 (98.4) |
9,407 (68.6) |
13.9 ± 17.88 |
11 (1.6) |
4,306 (31.4) |
391.5 ± 299.70 |
Sum |
1,695 |
56,566 |
33.4 ± 59.90 |
1,640 (96.8) |
41,476 (73.3) |
25.3 ± 25.26 |
55 (3.2) |
15,090 (26.7) |
274.4 ± 179.08 |
Total |
NOP |
2,856 (16.0) |
121,633 (28.4) |
42.6 ± 76.25 |
2,760 (96.6) |
89,845 (73.9) |
32.6 ± 31.88 |
96 (3.4) |
31,788 (26.1) |
331.1 ± 241.10 |
OP |
15,015 (84.0) |
306,357 (71.6) |
20.4 ± 41.94 |
14,604 (97.3) |
232,395 (75.9) |
15.9 ± 17.16 |
411 (2.7) |
73,962 (24.1) |
180.0 ± 166.39 |
Sum |
17,871 (100.0) |
427,990 (100.0) |
24.0 ± 49.73 |
17,364 (97.2) |
322,240 (75.3) |
18.6 ± 21.12 |
507 (2.8) |
105,750 (24.7) |
208.6 ± 191.99 |
Table 2Variables
Variation |
Measure |
I. Independent Variable |
1. Personal characteristics |
Sex |
0. Male |
1. Female |
|
|
Age |
Patient's age |
|
|
|
Area |
0. Same |
1. Other |
|
|
Payment |
0. NHI |
1. Medical aid |
3. Other |
|
2. Clinical characteristics |
Admission route |
0. Outpatient department |
|
1. Emergency |
|
Result |
0. Recover |
1. Death |
|
|
Disposition |
0. Home |
1. Transfer other hospital |
|
|
Other diagnosis |
Total number of other diagnoses |
|
|
|
Risk factor |
0. Non |
1. Hypertension |
2. Diabetic mellitus |
|
3. Hypertension & Diabetic mellitus |
Operation |
0. Yes |
1. No |
|
|
Pre-operation day |
Number of days between admission and initial surgery |
|
|
|
4. Hospital characterisitics |
Bed-scale |
0. 100-299 |
1. 300-499 |
2. 500-999 |
3. 1000 over |
5. Other |
Year |
0. 2005 |
1. 2006 |
2. 2007 |
3. 2008 |
II. Dependent Variable |
Operation |
0 No |
1 Yes |
|
|
Table 3Characteristics in disease
|
Cerebral infarction
|
Intracerebral hemorrhage
|
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
Stroke
|
All
|
NOP
|
OP
|
p
|
NOP
|
OP
|
p
|
NOP
|
OP
|
p
|
NOP
|
OP
|
p
|
|
p
|
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N (%) |
N[%] |
Sex |
Male |
6,165 (52.6) |
302 (40.5) |
*** |
1,170 (53.2) |
652 (62.2) |
*** |
252 (37.3) |
356 (36.9) |
|
7,587 (52.0) |
1,310 (47.5) |
*** |
8,897 [51.2] |
*** |
Female |
5,563 (47.4) |
444 (59.5) |
|
1,031 (46.8) |
397 (37.8) |
*** |
423 (62.7) |
609 (63.1) |
|
7,017 (48.0) |
1,450 (52.5) |
|
8,467 [48.8] |
|
Age |
M ± SD |
65.1 ± 13.64 |
51.5 ± 20.78 |
*** |
62.0 ± 14.77 |
59.7 ± 15.92 |
*** |
55.8 ± 15.61 |
54.2 ± 12.70 |
*** |
64.2 ± 14.08 |
55.6 ± 16.77 |
*** |
62.8 ± 14.88 |
*** |
Area |
Same |
9,183 (78.3) |
426 (57.1) |
*** |
1,791 (81.4) |
806 (76.8) |
** |
478 (70.8) |
664 (68.8) |
|
11,452 (78.4) |
1,896 (68.7) |
*** |
13,348 [76.9] |
*** |
Other |
2,545 (21.7) |
320 (42.9) |
|
410 (18.6) |
243 (23.2) |
|
197 (29.2) |
301 (31.2) |
|
3,152 (21.6) |
864 (31.3) |
|
4,016 [23.1] |
|
Payment |
NHI |
10,185 (86.8) |
658 (88.2) |
|
1,906 (86.6) |
888 (84.7) |
|
601 (89.0) |
859 (89.0) |
|
12,692 (86.9) |
2,405 (87.1) |
*** |
15,097 [86.9] |
*** |
Medical aid |
1,381 (11.8) |
79 (10.6) |
|
239 (10.9) |
121 (11.5) |
|
52 (7.7) |
77 (8.0) |
|
1,672 (11.4) |
277 (10.0) |
|
1,949 [11.2] |
|
Other |
162 (1.4) |
9 (1.2) |
|
56 (2.5) |
40 (3.8) |
|
22 (3.3) |
29 (3.0) |
|
240 (1.6) |
78 (2.8) |
|
318 [1.8] |
|
Admission |
OPD |
4,360 (37.2) |
475 (63.7) |
*** |
388 (17.6) |
156 (14.9) |
** |
167 (24.7) |
81 (8.4) |
*** |
4,915 (33.7) |
712 (25.8) |
*** |
5,627 [32.4] |
*** |
Emergency |
7,368 (62.8) |
271 (36.3) |
|
1,813 (82.4) |
893 (85.1) |
|
508 (75.3) |
884 (91.6) |
|
9,689 (66.3) |
2,048 (74.2) |
|
11,737 [67.6] |
|
Result |
Recover |
11,297 (96.3) |
699 (93.7) |
*** |
1,900 (86.3) |
848 (80.8) |
*** |
511 (75.7) |
832 (86.2) |
*** |
13,708 (93.9) |
2,379 (86.2) |
*** |
16,087 [92.6] |
*** |
Death |
431 (3.7) |
47 (6.3) |
|
301 (13.7) |
201 (19.2) |
|
164 (24.3) |
133 (13.8) |
|
896 (6.1) |
381 (13.8) |
|
1,277 [7.4] |
|
Disposition |
Home |
10,611 (90.5) |
703 (94.2) |
*** |
1,773 (80.6) |
864 (82.4) |
|
573 (84.9) |
857 (88.8) |
* |
12,957 (88.7) |
2,424 (87.8) |
** |
15,381 [88.6] |
*** |
Transfer |
1,117 (9.5) |
43 (5.8) |
|
428 (19.4) |
185 (17.6) |
|
102 (15.1) |
108 (11.2) |
|
1,647 (11.3) |
336 (12.2) |
|
1,983 [11.4] |
|
Other diag. |
M ± SD |
2.1 ± 1.87 |
2.0 ± 2.44 |
*** |
2.0 ± 2.01 |
2.4 ± 2.73 |
*** |
1.3 ± 1.62 |
2.2 ± 2.37 |
*** |
2.0 ± 1.89 |
2.2 ± 2.54 |
|
2.0 ± 2.01 |
*** |
Chronic dis. |
No |
5,365 (45.7) |
465 (62.3) |
*** |
1,206 (54.8) |
678 (64.6) |
*** |
502 (74.4) |
695 (72.0) |
|
7,073 (48.4) |
1,838 (66.6) |
*** |
8,911 [51.3] |
*** |
HTN |
3,574 (30.5) |
184 (24.7) |
|
726 (33.0) |
244 (23.3) |
|
131 (19.4) |
210 (21.8) |
|
4,431 (30.3) |
638 (23.1) |
|
5,069 [29.2] |
|
DM |
950 (8.1) |
26 (3.5) |
|
68 (3.1) |
49 (4.7) |
|
21 (3.1) |
20 (2.1) |
|
1,039 (7.1) |
95 (3.4) |
|
1,134 [6.5] |
|
HTN&DM |
1,839 (15.7) |
71 (9.5) |
|
201 (9.1) |
78 (7.4) |
|
21 (3.1) |
40 (4.1) |
|
2,061 (14.1) |
189 (6.8) |
|
2,250 [13.0] |
|
Pre-op day |
M ± SD |
|
6.9 ± 9.58 |
*** |
|
3.2 ± 9.25 |
*** |
|
3.3 ± 7.60 |
*** |
|
4.2 ± 8.95 |
*** |
4.2 ± 8.95 |
*** |
Bed |
100-299 |
2,406 (20.5) |
29 (3.9) |
*** |
436 (19.8) |
154 (14.7) |
** |
72 (10.7) |
29 (3.0) |
*** |
2,914 (20.0) |
212 (7.7) |
*** |
3,126 [18.0] |
*** |
300-499 |
1,553 (13.2) |
32 (4.3) |
|
346 (15.7) |
162 (15.4) |
|
81 (12.0) |
90 (9.3) |
|
1,980 (13.6) |
284 (10.3) |
|
2,264 [13.0] |
|
500-999 |
5,854 (49.9) |
394 (52.8) |
|
1,135 (51.6) |
573 (54.6) |
|
388 (57.5) |
668 (69.2) |
|
7,377 (50.5) |
1,635 (59.2) |
|
9,012 [51.9] |
|
1000 over |
1,915 (16.3) |
291 (39.0) |
|
284 (12.9) |
160 (15.3) |
|
134 (19.9) |
178 (18.4) |
|
2,333 (16.0) |
629 (22.8) |
|
2,962 [17.1] |
|
Year |
2005 |
3,037 (25.9) |
151 (20.2) |
*** |
657 (29.9) |
293 (27.9) |
|
198 (29.3) |
261 (27.0) |
|
3,892 (26.7) |
705 (25.5) |
|
4,597 [26.5] |
*** |
2006 |
3,163 (27.0) |
179 (24.0) |
|
587 (26.7) |
272 (25.9) |
|
200 (29.6) |
253 (26.2) |
|
3,950 (27.0) |
704 (25.5) |
|
4,654 [26.8] |
|
2007 |
2,639 (22.5) |
177 (23.7) |
|
462 (21.0) |
243 (23.2) |
|
136 (20.1) |
220 (22.8) |
|
3,237 (22.2) |
640 (23.2) |
|
3,877 [22.3] |
|
2008 |
2,889 (24.6) |
239 (32.0) |
|
495 (22.5) |
241 (23.0) |
|
141 (20.9) |
231 (23.9) |
|
3,525 (24.1) |
711 (25.8) |
|
4,236 [24.4] |
|
|
Total |
11,728 [94.0] |
746 [6.0] |
|
2,201 [67.7] |
1,049[32.3] |
|
675 [41.2] |
965 [58.8] |
|
14,604 [84.1] |
2,760 [15.9] |
|
17,364 [100.0] |
|
|
|
12,474 [71.8] |
|
|
3,250 [18.7] |
|
|
1,640 [9.4] |
|
|
17,364 [100.0] |
|
|
|
|
Table 4Multiple regression models for disease
|
Cerebral infarction
|
Intracerebral hemorrhage
|
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
Stroke
|
Estimate |
t
|
p
|
Estimate |
t
|
p
|
Estimate |
t
|
p
|
Estimate |
t
|
p
|
Intercept |
|
2.084 |
48.251 |
* |
2.609 |
27.604 |
* |
1.778 |
11.708 |
* |
2.265 |
57.632 |
* |
Gender (male) |
Female |
−0.007 |
−0.481 |
— |
0.073 |
2.213 |
** |
−0.019 |
−0.400 |
— |
0.034 |
2.578 |
*** |
Age |
|
0.000 |
−0.470 |
— |
−0.002 |
−2.060 |
** |
0.002 |
1.434 |
— |
−0.003 |
−6.960 |
* |
Area (same) |
Other |
−0.013 |
−0.769 |
— |
−0.095 |
−2.365 |
** |
−0.014 |
−0.291 |
— |
−0.030 |
−1.894 |
— |
Payment (NHI) |
Medical aid |
0.203 |
9.179 |
* |
0.272 |
5.319 |
* |
0.167 |
2.035 |
** |
0.201 |
9.692 |
* |
Other |
0.220 |
3.634 |
* |
0.338 |
3.553 |
* |
0.339 |
2.646 |
*** |
0.344 |
7.094 |
* |
Adm. (OPD) |
Emergency |
0.203 |
13.531 |
* |
0.285 |
6.518 |
* |
0.701 |
11.272 |
* |
0.347 |
24.141 |
* |
Res. (Recover) |
Death |
−0.365 |
−9.814 |
* |
−1.121 |
−24.645 |
* |
−1.279 |
−21.815 |
* |
−0.663 |
−26.137 |
* |
Dis. (Home) |
Transfer |
−0.102 |
−4.147 |
* |
−0.326 |
−7.739 |
* |
−0.507 |
−7.572 |
* |
−0.127 |
−6.108 |
* |
Other diagnosis |
|
0.174 |
40.089 |
* |
0.201 |
25.656 |
* |
0.196 |
17.016 |
* |
0.192 |
51.358 |
* |
Risk factor (non) |
HTN |
−0.105 |
−5.931 |
* |
0.002 |
0.062 |
— |
−0.076 |
−1.303 |
— |
−0.125 |
−7.797 |
* |
DM |
−0.065 |
−2.332 |
** |
−0.118 |
−1.345 |
— |
−0.116 |
−0.816 |
— |
−0.180 |
−6.550 |
* |
HTN and DM |
−0.181 |
−7.618 |
* |
−0.286 |
−4.533 |
* |
−0.473 |
−3.843 |
* |
−0.319 |
−14.109 |
* |
Bed (100−299) |
300–499 |
−0.052 |
−2.032 |
** |
−0.114 |
−2.047 |
** |
0.174 |
1.549 |
— |
−0.044 |
−1.851 |
— |
500–999 |
−0.156 |
−8.031 |
* |
−0.263 |
−5.966 |
* |
0.249 |
2.638 |
*** |
−0.144 |
−7.884 |
* |
>1000 |
−0.293 |
−12.048 |
* |
−0.317 |
−5.491 |
* |
0.034 |
0.323 |
— |
−0.311 |
−13.604 |
* |
Year (2005) |
2006 |
0.053 |
2.748 |
— |
0.036 |
0.847 |
|
0.018 |
0.313 |
|
0.030 |
1.689 |
— |
2007 |
−0.029 |
−1.411 |
— |
0.048 |
1.048 |
|
0.029 |
0.465 |
|
−0.029 |
−1.570 |
— |
2008 |
−0.047 |
−2.377 |
** |
0.071 |
1.589 |
|
0.081 |
1.306 |
|
−0.040 |
−2.175 |
** |
R2= |
|
0.167 |
|
|
0.301 |
|
|
0.366 |
|
|
0.198 |
|
|
Adj R2= |
|
0.166 |
|
|
0.297 |
|
|
0.359 |
|
|
0.198 |
|
|
F= |
|
139.000 |
|
|
77.350 |
|
|
52.027 |
|
|
238.539 |
|
|
p= |
|
0.000 |
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
Table 5Multiple regression models for disease treated by surgery
Operation |
Cerebral infarction
|
Intracerebral hemorrhage
|
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
Stroke
|
NOP
|
OP
|
NOP
|
OP
|
NOP
|
OP
|
NOP
|
OP
|
Est |
t
|
p
|
Est |
t
|
p
|
Est |
t
|
p
|
Est |
t |
p
|
Est |
t
|
p
|
Est |
t
|
p
|
Est |
t
|
p
|
Est |
t
|
p
|
Intercept |
|
1.928 |
43.248 |
* |
2.620 |
15.431 |
* |
2.493 |
21.362 |
* |
2.771 |
18.194 |
* |
1.377 |
6.298 |
* |
3.026 |
17.023 |
* |
2.051 |
48.828 |
* |
2.767 |
31.579 |
* |
Gender (male) |
Female |
−0.042 |
−2.908 |
** |
0.072 |
1.399 |
— |
0.052 |
1.282 |
— |
0.168 |
3.260 |
** |
0.010 |
0.126 |
— |
−0.048 |
−1.092 |
— |
−0.021 |
−1.501 |
— |
0.093 |
3.344 |
** |
Age |
|
0.003 |
4.892 |
* |
−0.002 |
−1.315 |
— |
0.000 |
−0.303 |
— |
−0.003 |
−2.127 |
*** |
0.005 |
2.016 |
*** |
0.004 |
2.025 |
*** |
0.001 |
1.821 |
— |
−0.002 |
−2.102 |
*** |
Area (same) |
Other |
−0.040 |
−2.312 |
*** |
−0.011 |
−0.211 |
— |
−0.079 |
−1.541 |
— |
−0.185 |
−3.165 |
** |
−0.025 |
−0.298 |
— |
−0.044 |
−0.998 |
— |
−0.055 |
−3.261 |
** |
−0.090 |
−2.975 |
** |
Payment (NHI) |
Medical aid |
0.195 |
8.773 |
* |
0.147 |
1.819 |
— |
0.311 |
4.825 |
* |
0.177 |
2.277 |
*** |
−0.049 |
−0.344 |
— |
0.263 |
3.450 |
** |
0.200 |
9.190 |
* |
0.188 |
4.126 |
* |
Other |
0.242 |
3.987 |
* |
−0.005 |
−0.021 |
— |
0.371 |
2.916 |
** |
0.123 |
0.947 |
— |
0.181 |
0.855 |
— |
0.377 |
3.083 |
** |
0.299 |
5.545 |
* |
0.233 |
2.800 |
** |
Adm. (OPD) |
Emergency |
0.234 |
15.406 |
* |
0.425 |
7.231 |
* |
0.223 |
4.173 |
* |
0.368 |
5.180 |
* |
0.550 |
6.032 |
* |
0.191 |
2.602 |
** |
0.296 |
19.712 |
* |
0.407 |
12.173 |
* |
Res. (recover) |
Death |
−0.416 |
−10.892 |
* |
−0.639 |
−6.055 |
* |
−1.221 |
−20.356 |
* |
−1.029 |
−15.843 |
* |
−1.067 |
−11.433 |
* |
−1.198 |
−19.990 |
* |
−0.657 |
−22.627 |
* |
−1.032 |
−25.358 |
* |
Dis. (home) |
Transfer |
−0.112 |
−4.571 |
* |
0.128 |
1.171 |
— |
−0.445 |
−8.606 |
* |
−0.014 |
−0.213 |
— |
−0.742 |
−6.806 |
* |
−0.070 |
−1.061 |
— |
−0.157 |
−7.132 |
* |
−0.022 |
−0.507 |
— |
Other diagnosis |
|
0.165 |
36.829 |
* |
0.174 |
13.985 |
* |
0.207 |
18.288 |
* |
0.170 |
16.845 |
* |
0.214 |
8.058 |
* |
0.132 |
13.655 |
* |
0.179 |
42.025 |
* |
0.161 |
26.328 |
* |
Risk (non) |
HTN |
−0.073 |
−4.089 |
* |
−0.177 |
−2.756 |
** |
0.014 |
0.292 |
— |
0.110 |
1.764 |
— |
−0.081 |
−0.777 |
— |
−0.015 |
−0.291 |
— |
−0.062 |
−3.652 |
* |
−0.014 |
−0.408 |
— |
DM |
−0.020 |
−0.730 |
— |
−0.098 |
−0.709 |
— |
−0.182 |
−1.544 |
— |
−0.070 |
−0.590 |
— |
−0.081 |
−0.362 |
— |
0.003 |
0.018 |
— |
−0.088 |
−3.113 |
** |
−0.063 |
−0.828 |
— |
HTN and DM |
−0.126 |
−5.277 |
* |
−0.292 |
−2.984 |
** |
−0.279 |
−3.554 |
* |
−0.214 |
−2.102 |
*** |
−0.528 |
−2.320 |
*** |
−0.345 |
−3.165 |
** |
−0.195 |
−8.236 |
* |
−0.268 |
−4.541 |
* |
Bed (100−299) |
300–499 |
−0.049 |
−1.968 |
*** |
−0.076 |
−0.442 |
— |
−0.099 |
−1.465 |
— |
−0.229 |
−2.520 |
*** |
0.213 |
1.353 |
— |
−0.253 |
−1.839 |
— |
−0.045 |
−1.885 |
— |
−0.214 |
−3.269 |
** |
500–999 |
−0.198 |
−10.254 |
* |
0.013 |
0.101 |
— |
−0.271 |
−5.078 |
* |
−0.311 |
−4.224 |
* |
0.076 |
0.597 |
— |
−0.200 |
−1.638 |
— |
−0.212 |
−11.347 |
* |
−0.188 |
−3.561 |
* |
>1000 |
−0.345 |
−14.021 |
* |
−0.436 |
−3.214 |
** |
−0.264 |
−3.668 |
* |
−0.530 |
−5.834 |
* |
−0.029 |
−0.196 |
— |
−0.440 |
−3.426 |
** |
−0.357 |
−14.944 |
* |
−0.500 |
−8.470 |
* |
Year (2005) |
2006 |
0.046 |
2.366 |
*** |
0.108 |
1.457 |
— |
−0.029 |
−0.547 |
— |
0.190 |
2.831 |
** |
−0.038 |
−0.393 |
— |
0.048 |
0.862 |
— |
0.017 |
0.897 |
— |
0.113 |
2.979 |
** |
2007 |
−0.043 |
−2.130 |
*** |
0.032 |
0.430 |
— |
0.078 |
1.376 |
— |
−0.049 |
−0.711 |
— |
0.055 |
0.514 |
— |
−0.007 |
−0.127 |
— |
−0.039 |
−1.997 |
** |
−0.017 |
−0.426 |
— |
2008 |
−0.073 |
−3.640 |
* |
0.033 |
0.471 |
— |
0.076 |
1.365 |
— |
0.055 |
0.788 |
— |
0.009 |
0.084 |
— |
0.096 |
1.667 |
— |
−0.065 |
−3.377 |
* |
0.049 |
1.289 |
— |
R2= |
|
0.177 |
|
|
0.445 |
|
|
0.286 |
|
|
0.398 |
|
|
0.267 |
|
|
0.404 |
|
|
0.185 |
|
|
0.397 |
|
|
Adj. R2= |
|
0.176 |
|
|
0.431 |
|
|
0.280 |
|
|
0.387 |
|
|
0.247 |
|
|
0.393 |
|
|
0.184 |
|
|
0.393 |
|
|
F= |
|
139.826 |
|
|
32.342 |
|
|
48.544 |
|
|
37.826 |
|
|
13.282 |
|
|
35.619 |
|
|
184.148 |
|
|
100.233 |
|
|
p= |
|
0.000 |
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
0.000 |
|
|