Cell cultures are developed from tissue samples and then disaggregated by mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic methods to extract cells suitable for isolation of viruses. With the recent advances in technology, cell culture is considered a gold standard for virus isolation. This paper reviews the evolution of cell culture methods and demonstrates why cell culture is a preferred method for identification of viruses. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of both traditional and modern cell culture methods for diagnosis of each type of virus are discussed. Detection of viruses by the novel cell culture methods is considered more accurate and sensitive. However, there is a need to include some more accurate methods such as molecular methods in cell culture for precise identification of viruses.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Emergence of infectious diseases and role of advanced nanomaterials in point-of-care diagnostics: a review Kalaimani Markandan, Yong Wei Tiong, Revathy Sankaran, Sakthinathan Subramanian, Uma Devi Markandan, Vishal Chaudhary, Arshid Numan, Mohammad Khalid, Rashmi Walvekar Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews.2024; 40(4): 3438. CrossRef
The cell cultures in virology: from the past to the future Tatyana A. Kuznetsova, Natalia N. Besednova, Maxim R. Aliev, Michail Y. Shchelkanov Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobi.2024; 101(1): 143. CrossRef
Role and significance of virus–bacteria interactions in disease progression Vatsala Pokhrel, Bhusan K Kuntal, Sharmila S Mande Journal of Applied Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A deep dive into AI integration and advanced nanobiosensor technologies for enhanced bacterial infection monitoring Habib Khan, Zahoor Jan, Inam Ullah, Abdullah Alwabli, Faisal Alharbi, Shabana Habib, Muhammad Islam, Byung-Joo Shin, Mi Young Lee, JaKeoung Koo Nanotechnology Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prospects of Acoustic Sensor Systems for Virus Immunodetection O. I. Guliy, B. D. Zaitsev, O. A. Karavaeva, I. A. Borodina Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology.2024; 60(5): 794. CrossRef
Identification and Characterization of Four Novel Viruses in Balclutha incisa Jiajing Xiao, Guang Yang, Renyi Liu, Danfeng Ge Insects.2024; 15(10): 772. CrossRef
Scoulerine: A natural isoquinoline alkaloid targeting SLC6A3 to treat RCC Tianrui Qu, Yu Sun, Jingying Zhao, Nanqi Liu, Jianli Yang, Dantong Lyu, Wenjie Huang, Weizhen Zhan, Tao Li, Zichuan Yao, Rongbo Yan, Haiyan Zhang, Hong Hong, Liye Shi, Xin Meng, Bo Yin Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 180: 117524. CrossRef
Microfluidic methods for the diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections Kan-Zhi Liu, Ganghong Tian, Alex C.-T. Ko, Matthias Geissler, Lidija Malic, Byeong-Ui Moon, Liviu Clime, Teodor Veres The Analyst.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Self-actuated microfluidic chiplet for two-stage multiplex nucleic acid amplification assay Felix Ansah, Marziyeh Hajialyani, Fatemeh Ahmadi, Yuming Gu, Ergün Alperay Tarım, Michael G. Mauk, Gordon A. Awandare, Haim H. Bau Lab on a Chip.2024; 24(23): 5175. CrossRef
Monitoring of Adenoviruses in Water and Wastewater through Applications of PCR Based Methods Jadhav Indrani, Jadhav Kapilesh Indian Journal of Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Advancements in CRISPR-diagnostic techniques for rapid on-site monitoring of environmental virus Zhaojia Deng, Wenjing Liao, Liangyun Bu, Jinhua Li, Juan Li, Lingfeng Wang, Aijiao Yuan, Wenjing Xie, Yawei Wang, Hanyong Peng TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry.2024; 181: 118046. CrossRef
Enriching the future of public health microbiology with hybridization bait capture Megan S. Beaudry, Mohammad Imtiaj Uddin Bhuiyan, Travis C. Glenn, Graeme N. Forrest Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Mpox Virus: A Comprehensive Analysis Juhi Jannat Mim, Md. Aminul Islam, Safiullah Khan, Fardin Khan, Md. Ahadul Islam Patwary, Md. Mostafizur Rahman Arup, Nayem Hossain Sensors and Actuators Reports.2024; : 100263. CrossRef
Smartphone recognition-based immune microparticles for rapid on-site visual data-sharing detection of Newcastle disease virus Shenjunjie Lu, Binglin Ma, Haoran Zhou, Yayang Li, Zhihao Qiao, Tong Xiao, Husheng Li, Baijie Wang, Meihui Cui, Shufang Zhang, Jin Chang, Taofeng Du, Jing Liu, Hanjie Wang Talanta.2023; 252: 123845. CrossRef
Microbiological quality of irrigation water for cultivation of fruits and vegetables: An overview of available guidelines, water testing strategies and some factors that influence compliance. Oluwadara Alegbeleye, Anderson S. Sant’Ana Environmental Research.2023; 220: 114771. CrossRef
Raman spectroscopy for viral diagnostics Jijo Lukose, Ajaya Kumar Barik, Mithun N, Sanoop Pavithran M, Sajan D. George, V. M. Murukeshan, Santhosh Chidangil Biophysical Reviews.2023; 15(2): 199. CrossRef
Characterisation of new animal cell cultures’ sensitivity to Coxsackievirus B5 and Herpes simplex virus‑1 Yu. A. Zakharova, A. V. Ostapchuk, W. W. Wasielewski, O. S. Fedotova, N. A. Shmeleva Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatm.2023; 23(1): 102. CrossRef
Paper-based diagnostic chips for viral detection Srividya Oruganti, Sai Lakshmi Gundimeda, Viswanath Buddolla, Buddolla Anantha Lakshmi, Young-Joon Kim Clinica Chimica Acta.2023; 546: 117413. CrossRef
Automated System for Multiplexing Detection of COVID-19 and Other Respiratory Pathogens Parker Y. L. Tsang, Sunny L. H. Chu, Libby C. W. Li, Deborah M. S. Tai, Berry K. C. Cheung, Firaol Tamiru Kebede, Pete Y. M. Leung, Winston Wong, Teresa Chung, Cyril C. Y. Yip, Rosana W. S. Poon, Jonathan H. K. Chen, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Manson Fok, Johnson Y. IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Healt.2023; 11: 424. CrossRef
The Role of Viral Infection in the Pathogenesis of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Jia-Fong Jhang, Hann-Chorng Kuo Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports.2023; 18(4): 374. CrossRef
Isolation and pathogenic characterization of duck adenovirus 3 mutant circulating in China Xinjin Shi, Xinyu Zhang, Haiwei Sun, Changqing Wei, Yingnan Liu, Jiguan Luo, Xuebo Wang, Zongyan Chen, Hongjun Chen Poultry Science.2022; 101(1): 101564. CrossRef
Nanotechnology: A Potential Weapon to Fight against COVID‐19 Atul K. Tiwari, Anupa Mishra, Govind Pandey, Munesh K. Gupta, Prem C. Pandey Particle & Particle Systems Characterization.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Establishment and characterization of a cell line from ictalurid catfish Suja Aarattuthodi, Vandana Dharan, Lester Khoo, Brian Bosworth Journal of the World Aquaculture Society.2022; 53(3): 620. CrossRef
Canine parvovirology – A brief updated review on structural biology, occurrence, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention Deepika Tuteja, Kauser Banu, Bhairab Mondal Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectiou.2022; 82: 101765. CrossRef
A review on the contamination of SARS-CoV-2 in water bodies: Transmission route, virus recovery and recent biosensor detection techniques Siti Adibah Zamhuri, Chin Fhong Soon, Anis Nurashikin Nordin, Rosminazuin Ab Rahim, Naznin Sultana, Muhammad Arif Khan, Gim Pao Lim, Kian Sek Tee Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research.2022; 36: 100482. CrossRef
State-of-the-art nanotechnologies used in the development of SARS-CoV-2 biosensors: a review Dongtak Lee, Taeha Lee, Ji Hye Hong, Hyo Gi Jung, Sang Won Lee, Gyudo Lee, Dae Sung Yoon Measurement Science and Technology.2022; 33(6): 062002. CrossRef
Viral culture and immunofluorescence for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in RT-PCR positive respiratory samples Carla Berengua, Marina López, Montserrat Esteban, Pilar Marín, Paula Ramos, Margarita del Cuerpo, Ignasi Gich, Ferran Navarro, Elisenda Miró, Núria Rabella Journal of Clinical Virology.2022; 152: 105167. CrossRef
Genome-Wide Analysis and Molecular Characterization of Orf Virus Strain UPM/HSN-20 Isolated From Goat in Malaysia Hassana Kyari Mangga, Jamilu Abubakar Bala, Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan, Alhaji Modu Bukar, Zaharaddeen Lawan, Auwal Gambo, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, Mustapha M. Noordin, Mohd-Lila Mohd-Azmi Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Non-invasive detection of COVID-19 using a microfluidic-based colorimetric sensor array sensitive to urinary metabolites Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar, Hosein Samadinia, Azarmidokht Sheini, Jasem Aboonajmi, Mohammad Javid, Hashem Sharghi, Mostafa Ghanei, Hasan Bagheri Microchimica Acta.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
How Metagenomics Has Transformed Our Understanding of Bacteriophages in Microbiome Research Laura K. Inglis, Robert A. Edwards Microorganisms.2022; 10(8): 1671. CrossRef
Respiratory Tract Infections and Laboratory Diagnostic Methods: A Review with A Focus on Syndromic Panel-Based Assays Adriana Calderaro, Mirko Buttrini, Benedetta Farina, Sara Montecchini, Flora De Conto, Carlo Chezzi Microorganisms.2022; 10(9): 1856. CrossRef
An Overview of Laboratory Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Viral Infections Sharifah Aliah Diyanah Syed Hussin, Ang-Lim Chua, Hassanain Al-Talib, Shamala Devi Sekaran, Seok Mui Wang Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology.2022; 16(4): 2225. CrossRef
Multiplex detection of meningitis and encephalitis pathogens: A study from laboratory to clinic Yanjun Si, Weijun He, Shuo Guo, Xiaohui Wang, Meng Tang, Binwu Ying, Minjin Wang Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Pathogenic Virus Detection by Optical Nanobiosensors Menglin Song, Mo Yang, Jianhua Hao Cell Reports Physical Science.2021; 2(1): 100288. CrossRef
Emerging antiviral therapeutics for human adenovirus infection: Recent developments and novel strategies Mackenzie J. Dodge, Katelyn M. MacNeil, Tanner M. Tessier, Jason B. Weinberg, Joe S. Mymryk Antiviral Research.2021; 188: 105034. CrossRef
Magnetic Nanomaterials in Microfluidic Sensors for Virus Detection: A Review Nahid Rezvani Jalal, Parvaneh Mehrbod, Shahla Shojaei, Hagar Ibrahim Labouta, Pooneh Mokarram, Abbas Afkhami, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Marek J. Los, Dedmer Schaafsma, Michael Giersig, Mazaher Ahmadi, Saeid Ghavami ACS Applied Nano Materials.2021; 4(5): 4307. CrossRef
Virus Detection: A Review of the Current and Emerging Molecular and Immunological Methods A. Cassedy, A. Parle-McDermott, R. O’Kennedy Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Nanobased Platforms for Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19: From Benchtop to Bedside Elham Bidram, Yasaman Esmaeili, Abbas Amini, Rossella Sartorius, Franklin R. Tay, Laleh Shariati, Pooyan Makvandi ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering.2021; 7(6): 2150. CrossRef
Contagious ecthyma: how serious is the disease worldwide? Zaharaddeen Lawan, Jamilu Abubakar Bala, Alhaji Modu Bukar, Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan, Hassana Kyari Mangga, Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah, Mustapha Mohamed Noordin, Mohd Lila Mohd-Azmi Animal Health Research Reviews.2021; 22(1): 40. CrossRef
Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanocomposites Biosensors for Virus Detection before and during COVID-19 Outbreak Ching Ying Katherine Lam, Qin Zhang, Bohan Yin, Yingying Huang, Hui Wang, Mo Yang, Siu Hong Dexter Wong Journal of Composites Science.2021; 5(7): 190. CrossRef
Viral Cultures for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infectivity Assessment: A Systematic Review Tom Jefferson, Elisabeth A Spencer, Jon Brassey, Carl Heneghan Clinical Infectious Diseases.2021; 73(11): e3884. CrossRef
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 in domesticated animals and its potential of transmission: A meta-analysis Yos Adi Prakoso, Chylen Setiyo Rini, Yuli Purwandari Kristianingrum, Nurul Hidayah, Dyah Widhowati, Miarsono Sigit Veterinary World.2021; : 2782. CrossRef
Nucleic Acids Analytical Methods for Viral Infection Diagnosis: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives Emanuele Luigi Sciuto, Antonio Alessio Leonardi, Giovanna Calabrese, Giovanna De Luca, Maria Anna Coniglio, Alessia Irrera, Sabrina Conoci Biomolecules.2021; 11(11): 1585. CrossRef
ATeam technology for detecting early signs of viral cytopathic effect Karla Cristine C. DOYSABAS, Mami OBA, Tomoki ISHIBASHI, Hideki SHIBATA, Hitoshi TAKEMAE, Hiroshi SHIMODA, Ronald TARIGAN, Tetsuya MIZUTANI, Atsuo IIDA, Eiichi HONDO Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2020; 82(3): 387. CrossRef
Advanced “lab-on-a-chip” to detect viruses – Current challenges and future perspectives Jianjian Zhuang, Juxin Yin, Shaowu Lv, Ben Wang, Ying Mu Biosensors and Bioelectronics.2020; 163: 112291. CrossRef
Bee Viruses: Routes of Infection in Hymenoptera Orlando Yañez, Niels Piot, Anne Dalmon, Joachim R. de Miranda, Panuwan Chantawannakul, Delphine Panziera, Esmaeil Amiri, Guy Smagghe, Declan Schroeder, Nor Chejanovsky Frontiers in Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Study on Adenovirus Infection in vitro with Nanoself-Assembling Peptide as Scaffolds for 3D Culture
Di-Shu Ao, Lu-Yao Gao, Jing-Han Gu, Jun-Hua Qiao, Huan Wang, Yan-Fei Liu, Hong Song International Journal of Nanomedicine.2020; Volume 15: 6327. CrossRef
Determining sensitivity of novel animal-derived cell cultures to clinical isolates of human enterovirus Echovirus 11 and Coxsackievirus B5 A. V. Alimov, O. S. Fedotova, N. A. Shmelyova, A. A. Bakharev, A. V. Rezaykin, P. S. Usoltseva, B. S. Imangaliyev, T. L. Bakhareva Medical alphabet.2020; (18): 17. CrossRef
Strength and Weakness of Molecular Identification Strategies Against Causative Viral Agent from Emerging COVID-19
Chunguang Cui, Kisoon Kim Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2020; 50(2): 65. CrossRef
Isolation and characterization of duck adenovirus 3 circulating in China Shaohua Shi, Rongchang Liu, Chunhe Wan, Longfei Cheng, Zhen Chen, Guanghua Fu, Hongmei Chen, Qiuling Fu, Yu Huang Archives of Virology.2019; 164(3): 847. CrossRef
Bibliometric mapping of microbiology research topics (2012–16): a comparison by socioeconomic development and infectious disease vulnerability values Tahereh Dehdarirad, Hajar Sotudeh, Jonathan Freer FEMS Microbiology Letters.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Advances in Diagnostic Approaches for Viral Etiologies of Diarrhea: From the Lab to the Field Yashpal Singh Malik, Atul Kumar Verma, Naveen Kumar, Nadia Touil, Kumaragurubaran Karthik, Ruchi Tiwari, Durlav Prasad Bora, Kuldeep Dhama, Souvik Ghosh, Maged Gomaa Hemida, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Krisztián Bányai, Anastasia N. Vlasova, Nobumichi Kobayash Frontiers in Microbiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Nanoparticle-Based LDI-MS Immunoassay for the Multiple Diagnosis of Viral Infections Han-Wei Chu, Chao-Sung Lai, Jo-Yun Ko, Scott G. Harroun, Chiao-I Chuang, Robert Y. L. Wang, Binesh Unnikrishnan, Chih-Ching Huang ACS Sensors.2019; 4(6): 1543. CrossRef
Development of conventional and real time PCR assays for rapid species authentication of mammalian cell lines commonly used in veterinary diagnostic laboratories Amaresh Das, Lizhe Xu, Wei Jia Research in Veterinary Science.2019; 126: 170. CrossRef
Development of an in-situ hybridization assay using riboprobes for detection of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) mRNAs in a cell culture model Syed Shariq Nazir Qadiri, Soo-Jin Kim, Rahul Krishnan, Jae-Ok Kim, Wi-Sik Kim, Myung-Joo Oh Journal of Virological Methods.2019; 264: 1. CrossRef
Real-time Pcr Versus Shell Vial Culture On Urine of Patients With Suspected Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Luana Coltella, Stefania Ranno, Giuseppe Pizzichemi, Livia Piccioni, Stefano Chiavelli, Andrea Onetti Muda, Carlo Concato Future Virology.2019; 14(9): 585. CrossRef
Isolation of the Human Cytomegalovirus from bodily fluids Sigrid Johanna Camacho Ortega, Sonia Del Pilar Bohorquez Avila, Myriam Lucia Velandia Romero, Jaime Eduardo Castellanos Parra Acta Biológica Colombiana.2019; 24(3): 520. CrossRef
Parechovirus A Detection by a Comprehensive Approach in a Clinical Laboratory Bao-Chen Chen, Jenn-Tzong Chang, Tsi-Shu Huang, Jih-Jung Chen, Yao-Shen Chen, Ming-Wei Jan, Tsung-Hsien Chang Viruses.2018; 10(12): 711. CrossRef
Aptamer immobilization on amino-functionalized metal–organic frameworks: an ultrasensitive platform for the electrochemical diagnostic of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Saeed Shahrokhian, Saba Ranjbar The Analyst.2018; 143(13): 3191. CrossRef
Development and evaluation of a nested-PCR assay for Senecavirus A diagnosis Cesar Feronato, Raquel A. Leme, Jaqueline A. Diniz, Alais Maria Dall Agnol, Alice F. Alfieri, Amauri A. Alfieri Tropical Animal Health and Production.2018; 50(2): 337. CrossRef
Diagnosis of Viral Infection Using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Kyung-Ah Hwang, Ji Hoon Ahn, Jae-Hwan Nam Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2018; 48(1): 1. CrossRef
Virological and Immunological Outcomes of Coinfections Naveen Kumar, Shalini Sharma, Sanjay Barua, Bhupendra N. Tripathi, Barry T. Rouse Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Laboratory Diagnosis of Respiratory Tract Infections in Children – the State of the Art Shubhagata Das, Sherry Dunbar, Yi-Wei Tang Frontiers in Microbiology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic Testing of Neurologic Infections Prashanth S. Ramachandran, Michael R. Wilson Neurologic Clinics.2018; 36(4): 687. CrossRef
Overview of Trends in the Application of Metagenomic Techniques in the Analysis of Human Enteric Viral Diversity in Africa’s Environmental Regimes Cecilia Osunmakinde, Ramganesh Selvarajan, Timothy Sibanda, Bhekie Mamba, Titus Msagati Viruses.2018; 10(8): 429. CrossRef
Nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of pathogenic virus Ahad Mokhtarzadeh, Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan, Paria Pashazadeh, Maryam Hejazi, Nasrin Gharaatifar, Mohammad Hasanzadeh, Behzad Baradaran, Miguel de la Guardia TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry.2017; 97: 445. CrossRef
Plasma assisted surface treatments of biomaterials L. Minati, C. Migliaresi, L. Lunelli, G. Viero, M. Dalla Serra, G. Speranza Biophysical Chemistry.2017; 229: 151. CrossRef
Combined Proteomics/Genomics Approach Reveals Proteomic Changes of Mature Virions as a Novel Poxvirus Adaptation Mechanism Marica Grossegesse, Joerg Doellinger, Alona Tyshaieva, Lars Schaade, Andreas Nitsche Viruses.2017; 9(11): 337. CrossRef
A Lipidomics Approach in the Characterization of Zika-Infected Mosquito Cells: Potential Targets for Breaking the Transmission Cycle Carlos Fernando Odir Rodrigues Melo, Diogo Noin de Oliveira, Estela de Oliveira Lima, Tatiane Melina Guerreiro, Cibele Zanardi Esteves, Raissa Marques Beck, Marina Aiello Padilla, Guilherme Paier Milanez, Clarice Weis Arns, José Luiz Proença-Modena, Jayme PLOS ONE.2016; 11(10): e0164377. CrossRef