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Original Articles
- SWOT strategy for future global health security: insights from Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Dominican Republic, Ghana, and the Republic of Korea using the World Health Organization International Health Regulations monitoring tool
- Moonsoo Yoon, Nuha Fairusya, Thao Le Nhu Nguyen, Diomarys Ishaura Jimenez-Baez, Vichuta Prak, Osei Kuffour Afreh, Chaeshin Chu
- Received November 11, 2024 Accepted February 16, 2025 Published online March 12, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0314 [Epub ahead of print]
- 325 View
- 29 Download
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Abstract
PDF - Objectives
The study aimed to analyze the core capacities to implement World Health Organization International Health Regulations (IHR) in 6 countries: Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, the Dominican Republic, Ghana, and the Republic of Korea.
Methods
Secondary data from relevant databases and reports, including the electronic State Party Self-Assessment Annual Reporting mechanism and global health security index, were used to assess health security in these countries. Descriptive statistics summarized the basic features of the scores, and a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis was subsequently performed to identify factors affecting health security scores while highlighting key similarities and differences between countries.
Results
Early warning and event management emerged as the primary strength in most countries. Common opportunities included international commitments and immunization programs. In contrast, many countries shared weaknesses related to the policy, legal, and normative frameworks for IHR implementation, as well as challenges in human resources, chemical event management, and radiation emergency preparedness. Recurring threats involved issues such as biosafety, biosecurity, dual-use research and the culture of responsible science, infection control practices, coordination between public health and security authorities, laboratory supply chain vulnerabilities, and communication with healthcare workers during public health emergencies.
Conclusion
In order to counter future global health threats, countries should prioritize enhancing surveillance capacity (early warning and event management) as well as the immunization indicator (vaccination rates for human and animal diseases, including the national vaccine delivery system).
- KCDC Risk Assessments on the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea
- Inho Kim, Jia Lee, Jihee Lee, Eensuk Shin, Chaeshin Chu, Seon Kui Lee
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11(2):67-73. Published online April 30, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.2.02
- 14,765 View
- 647 Download
- 19 Web of Science
- 18 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
Objectives This study aims to evaluate the risk assessments of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), from the point of detection to the provision of basic information to the relevant public health authorities.
Methods To estimate the overall risk of specific public health events, probability, and impact at the country-level were evaluated using available information. To determine the probability of particular public health events, the risk of importation and risk of transmission were taken into consideration. KCDC used 5 levels (“very low,” “low,” “moderate,” “high,” and “very high”) for each category and overall risk was eventually decided.
Results A total of 8 risk assessments were performed on 8 separate occasions between January 8th to February 28th, 2020, depending on the detection and report of COVID-19 cases in other countries. The overall risk of the situation in each assessment increased in severity over this period: “low” (first), “moderate” (second), “high” (third), “high” (fourth), “high” (fifth), “high” (sixth), “high” (seventh), and “very high” (eighth).
Conclusion The KCDC’s 8 risk assessments were utilized to activate national emergency response mechanisms and eventually prepare for the pandemic to ensure the containment and mitigation of COVID-19 with non-pharmaceutical public health measures.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- COVID-19 Pandemic Risk Assessment: Systematic Review
Amanda Chu, Patrick Kwok, Jacky Chan, Mike So
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2024; Volume 17: 903. CrossRef - Performance of indicators used in regular risk assessments for COVID-19 in association with contextual factors
Sujin Hong, Jiyoung Oh, Jia Lee, Yongmoon Kim, Bryan Inho Kim, Min Jei Lee, Hyunjung Kim, Sangwoo Tak
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2024; 15(5): 420. CrossRef - COVID-19 Cases and Deaths among Healthcare Personnel with the Progression of the Pandemic in Korea from March 2020 to February 2022
Yeonju Kim, Sung-Chan Yang, Jinhwa Jang, Shin Young Park, Seong Sun Kim, Chansoo Kim, Donghyok Kwon, Sang-Won Lee
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(6): 308. CrossRef - A resposta da Coreia do Sul à pandemia de COVID-19: lições aprendidas e recomendações a gestores
Thais Regis Aranha Rossi, Catharina Leite Matos Soares, Gerluce Alves Silva, Jairnilson Silva Paim, Lígia Maria Vieira-da-Silva
Cadernos de Saúde Pública.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Nursing Experience of New Nurses Caring for COVID-19 Patients in Military Hospitals: A Qualitative Study
Young-Hoon Kwon, Hye-Ju Han, Eunyoung Park
Healthcare.2022; 10(4): 744. CrossRef - South Korea’s fast response to coronavirus disease: implications on public policy and public management theory
Pan Suk Kim
Public Management Review.2021; 23(12): 1736. CrossRef - Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Fecal Samples From Patients With Asymptomatic and Mild COVID-19 in Korea
Soo-kyung Park, Chil-Woo Lee, Dong-Il Park, Hee-Yeon Woo, Hae Suk Cheong, Ho Cheol Shin, Kwangsung Ahn, Min-Jung Kwon, Eun-Jeong Joo
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2021; 19(7): 1387. CrossRef - Systematic assessment of South Korea’s capabilities to control COVID-19
Katelyn J. Yoo, Soonman Kwon, Yoonjung Choi, David M. Bishai
Health Policy.2021; 125(5): 568. CrossRef - Environmental risk assessment and comprehensive index model of disaster loss for COVID-19 transmission
Sulin Pang, Xiaofeng Hu, Zhiming Wen
Environmental Technology & Innovation.2021; 23: 101597. CrossRef - Transmission dynamics and control of two epidemic waves of SARS-CoV-2 in South Korea
Sukhyun Ryu, Sheikh Taslim Ali, Eunbi Noh, Dasom Kim, Eric H. Y. Lau, Benjamin J. Cowling
BMC Infectious Diseases.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Identifying and Prioritizing Ways to Improve Oman’s Tourism Sector in the Corona Period
Zakiya Salim Al-Hasni
Journal of Intercultural Management.2021; 13(1): 144. CrossRef - Decreased Use of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic in South Korea
Sukhyun Ryu, Youngsik Hwang, Sheikh Taslim Ali, Dong-Sook Kim, Eili Y Klein, Eric H Y Lau, Benjamin J Cowling
The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2021; 224(6): 949. CrossRef - COVID-19 and Cancer Therapy: Interrelationships and Management of Cancer Cases in the Era of COVID-19
Simon N. Mbugua, Lydia W. Njenga, Ruth A. Odhiambo, Shem O. Wandiga, Martin O. Onani, Nenad Ignjatovic
Journal of Chemistry.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef - Challenges to manage pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran with a special situation: a qualitative multi-method study
Hamidreza Khankeh, Mehrdad Farrokhi, Juliet Roudini, Negar Pourvakhshoori, Shokoufeh Ahmadi, Masoumeh Abbasabadi-Arab, Nader Majidi Bajerge, Babak Farzinnia, Pirhossain Kolivand, Vahid Delshad, Mohammad Saeed Khanjani, Sadegh Ahmadi-Mazhin, Ali Sadeghi-Mo
BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Effect of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, South Korea, 2020
Sukhyun Ryu, Seikh Taslim Ali, Cheolsun Jang, Baekjin Kim, Benjamin J. Cowling
Emerging Infectious Diseases.2020; 26(10): 2406. CrossRef - Early Trend of Imported COVID-19 Cases in South Korea
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2020; 11(3): 140. CrossRef - Effect of Underlying Comorbidities on the Infection and Severity of COVID-19 in Korea: a Nationwide Case-Control Study
Wonjun Ji, Kyungmin Huh, Minsun Kang, Jinwook Hong, Gi Hwan Bae, Rugyeom Lee, Yewon Na, Hyoseon Choi, Seon Yeong Gong, Yoon-Hyeong Choi, Kwang-Pil Ko, Jeong-Soo Im, Jaehun Jung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Innovative countermeasures can maintain cancer care continuity during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in Korea
Soohyeon Lee, Ah-reum Lim, Min Ja Kim, Yoon Ji Choi, Ju Won Kim, Kyong Hwa Park, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim
European Journal of Cancer.2020; 136: 69. CrossRef
- COVID-19 Pandemic Risk Assessment: Systematic Review
- Estimation of the Size of Dengue and Zika Infection Among Korean Travelers to Southeast Asia and Latin America, 2016–2017
- Chaeshin Chu, Een Suk Shin
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(6):394-398. Published online December 31, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.6.10
- 5,270 View
- 80 Download
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Abstract
PDF
Objectives To estimate the number and risk of imported infections resulting from people visiting Asian and Latin American countries.
Methods The dataset of visitors to 5 Asian countries with dengue were analyzed for 2016 and 2017, and in the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, imported cases of zika virus infection were also reported. For zika virus, a single imported case was reported from Brazil in 2016, and 2 imported cases reported from the Maldives in 2017. To understand the transmissibility in 5 Southeast Asian countries, the estimate of the force of infection, i.e., the hazard of infection per year and the average duration of travel has been extracted. Outbound travel numbers were retrieved from the World Tourism Organization, including business travelers.
Results The incidence of imported dengue in 2016 was estimated at 7.46, 15.00, 2.14, 4.73 and 2.40 per 100,000 travelers visiting Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam, respectively. Similarly, 2.55, 1.65, 1.53, 1.86 and 1.70 per 100,000 travelers in 2017, respectively. It was estimated that there were 60.1 infections (range: from 16.8 to 150.7 infections) with zika virus in Brazil, 2016, and 345.6 infections (range: from 85.4 to 425.5 infections) with zika virus in the Maldives, 2017.
Conclusion This study emphasizes that dengue and zika virus infections are mild in their nature, and a substantial number of infections may go undetected. An appropriate risk assessment of zika virus infection must use the estimated total size of infections.
Editorials
- Watch Your Waistline
- Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(2):43-44. Published online April 30, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.2.01
- 5,411 View
- 79 Download
- 1 Crossref
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Establishment of hypertension risk nomograms based on physical fitness parameters for men and women: a cross-sectional study
Yining Xu, Zhiyong Shi, Dong Sun, Goran Munivrana, Minjun Liang, Bíró István, Zsolt Radak, Julien S. Baker, Yaodong Gu
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
- Establishment of hypertension risk nomograms based on physical fitness parameters for men and women: a cross-sectional study
- A Joint Exercise against Intentional Biothreats
- Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(1):1-2. Published online December 31, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.1.01
- 6,514 View
- 47 Download
- 1 Crossref
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Citations
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Chandini Raina MacIntyre, Xin Chen, Mohana Kunasekaran, Ashley Quigley, Samsung Lim, Haley Stone, Hye-young Paik, Lina Yao, David Heslop, Wenzhao Wei, Ines Sarmiento, Deepti Gurdasani
Journal of International Medical Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
- Artificial intelligence in public health: the potential of epidemic early warning systems
- Adolescents in Multi-Ethnic Families under Korean Ethnic Nationalism
- Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(6):367-368. Published online December 31, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.6.01
- 4,600 View
- 44 Download
- 1 Crossref
- Not One for All
- Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(5):293-294. Published online October 31, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.5.01
- 3,728 View
- 22 Download
- The Story of Korean Health Insurance System
- Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(4):235-236. Published online August 31, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.4.01
- 4,522 View
- 33 Download
- 3 Crossref
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Citations
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International Journal of Environmental Research an.2020; 17(7): 2503. CrossRef - Lessons learned for reducing out of pocket health payment in Afghanistan: a comparative case study of three Asian countries
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- To Be or Not to Be
- Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(3):157-158. Published online June 30, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.3.01
- 3,724 View
- 25 Download
- Depression among Middle-aged Persons
- Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(2):105-107. Published online April 30, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.01
- 4,335 View
- 29 Download
- 1 Crossref
- What Matters in the Performance of a Medial Institution?
- Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(1):1-2. Published online February 28, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.1.01
- 4,086 View
- 29 Download
- 1 Crossref
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Cancer care patterns in South Korea: Types of hospital where patients receive care and outcomes using national health insurance claims data
Dong‐Woo Choi, Sun Jung Kim, Seungju Kim, Dong Wook Kim, Wonjeong Jeong, Kyu‐Tae Han
Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(13): 14707. CrossRef
- Cancer care patterns in South Korea: Types of hospital where patients receive care and outcomes using national health insurance claims data
- What Affects Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea?
- Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(6):339-340. Published online December 31, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.12.001
- 2,976 View
- 39 Download
- Fallen Flowers
- Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(5):279-280. Published online October 31, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.09.002
- 3,271 View
- 29 Download
- A moment of truth
- Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(4):211-212. Published online August 31, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.08.001
- 3,288 View
- 23 Download
- What Would Be a Better Strategy for National University Hospital Management?
- Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
- Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(3):139-140. Published online June 30, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.05.003
- 3,113 View
- 22 Download
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