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Original Articles
Annual Fluctuation in Chigger Mite Populations and Orientia Tsutsugamushi Infections in Scrub Typhus Endemic Regions of South Korea
Seong Yoon Kim, Byoungchul Gill, Bong Gu Song, Hyuk Chu, Won Il Park, Hee Il Lee, E-hyun Shin, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jong Yul Roh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(6):351-358.   Published online December 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.6.05
  • 9,208 View
  • 233 Download
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

Chigger mites are vectors for scrub typhus. This study evaluated the annual fluctuations in chigger mite populations and Orientia tsutsugamushi infections in South Korea.

Methods

During 2006 and 2007, chigger mites were collected monthly from wild rodents in 4 scrub typhus endemic regions of South Korea. The chigger mites were classified based on morphological characteristics, and analyzed using nested PCR for the detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi.

Results

During the surveillance period, the overall trapping rate for wild rodents was 10.8%. In total, 17,457 chigger mites (representing 5 genera and 15 species) were collected, and the average chigger index (representing the number of chigger mites per rodent), was 31.7. The monthly chigger index was consistently high (> 30) in Spring (March to April) and Autumn (October to November). The mite species included Leptotrombidium pallidum (43.5%), L. orientale (18.9%), L. scutellare (18.1%), L. palpale (10.6%), and L. zetum (3.6%). L. scutellare and L. palpale populations, were relatively higher in Autumn. Monthly O. tsutsugamushi infection rates in wild rodents (average: 4.8%) and chigger mites (average: 0.7%) peaked in Spring and Autumn.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrated a bimodal pattern of the incidence of O. tsutsugamushi infections. Higher infection rates were observed in both wild rodents and chigger mites, in Spring and Autumn. However, this did not reflect the unimodal incidence of scrub typhus in Autumn. Further studies are needed to identify factors, such as human behavior and harvesting in Autumn that may explain this discordance.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Changes in seasonality and sex ratio of scrub typhus: a case study of South Korea from 2003 to 2019 based on wavelet transform analysis
    Jeehyun Kim, Penelope Vounatsou, Byung Chul Chun
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Habitat Type-Based Assemblage and Distribution Prediction of Small Mammals and Chigger Mites (Acari: Trombiculidae) in Chuncheon City, Republic of Korea
    Kiyoon Kim, Jusun Hwang, Kyungmin Kim, Kwangbae Yoon, Daehyun Oh, Yungchul Park
    Animals.2024; 14(23): 3433.     CrossRef
  • Eco-epidemiology of rodent-associated trombiculid mites and infection with Orientia spp. in Southern Chile
    María Carolina Silva de la Fuente, Caricia Pérez, Constanza Martínez-Valdebenito, Ruth Pérez, Cecilia Vial, Alexandr Stekolnikov, Katia Abarca, Thomas Weitzel, Gerardo Acosta-Jamett, Jessica N. Ricaldi
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(1): e0011051.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae, Leeuwenhoekiidae) on Two Sibling Mouse Species, Apodemus draco and A. ilex (Rodentia: Muridae), in Southwest China
    Yu Guo, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Dao-Chao Jin
    Animals.2023; 13(9): 1480.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological characteristics of cases with scrub typhus and their correlation with chigger mite occurrence (2019–2021): A focus on case occupation and activity locations
    Se‐Jin Jeong, Jin‐Hwan Jeon, Kyung won Hwang
    Entomological Research.2023; 53(7): 247.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of chigger mites and Orientia tsutsugamushi strains in northern regions of Gangwon-do, Korea
    Soojin Kim, In Yong Lee, Sezim Monoldorova, Jiro Kim, Jang Hoon Seo, Tai-Soon Yong, Bo Young Jeon
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 263.     CrossRef
  • Infestation and distribution of chiggers on the Anderson's white‐bellied rats in southwest China
    Yu Guo, Xian‐Guo Guo, Pei‐Ying Peng, Yan Lv, Rong Xiang, Wen‐Yu Song, Xiao‐Bin Huang
    Veterinary Medicine and Science.2023; 9(6): 2920.     CrossRef
  • Seroprevalence and Genotypic Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Febrile Pediatric Patients Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital of Chennai, South India
    Rajagopal Murali, Sivasambo Kalpana, Panneerselvam Satheeshkumar, Prabu Dhandapani
    Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology.2023; 17(4): 2232.     CrossRef
  • Infestation and seasonal fluctuation of chigger mites on the Southeast Asian house rat (Rattus brunneusculus) in southern Yunnan Province, China
    Yan Lv, Xianguo Guo, Daochao Jin, Wenyu Song, Peiying Peng, Hao Lin, Rong Fan, Chengfu Zhao, Zhiwei Zhang, Keyu Mao, Tijun Qian, Wenge Dong, Zhihua Yang
    International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites .2021; 14: 141.     CrossRef
  • Nationwide Incidence of Chigger Mite Populations and Molecular Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in the Republic of Korea, 2020
    Min-Goo Seo, Bong-Goo Song, Tae-Kyu Kim, Byung-Eon Noh, Hak Seon Lee, Wook-Gyo Lee, Hee Il Lee
    Microorganisms.2021; 9(8): 1563.     CrossRef
Prediction Forecast for Culex tritaeniorhynchus Populations in Korea
Nam-Hyun Kim, Wook-Gyo Lee, E-Hyun Shin, Jong Yul Roh, Hae-Chun Rhee, Mi Yeoun Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(3):131-137.   Published online June 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.04.004
  • 3,593 View
  • 29 Download
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Japanese encephalitis is considered as a secondary legal infectious disease in Korea and is transmitted by mosquitoes in the summer season. The purpose of this study was to predict the ratio of Culex tritaeniorhynchus to all the species of mosquitoes present in the study regions.
Methods
From 1999 to 2012, black light traps were installed in 10 regions in Korea (Busan, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, and Jeju) to capture mosquitoes for identification and classification under a dissecting microscope. The number of mosquitoes captured/week was used to calculate its daily occurrence (mosquitoes/trap/night). To predict the characteristics of the mosquito population, an autoregressive model of order p (AR(p)) was used to execute the out-of-sample prediction and the in-sample estimation after presumption.
Results
Compared with the out-of-sample method, the sample-weighted regression method's case was relatively superior for prediction, and this method predicted a decrease in the frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus for 2013. However, the actual frequency of this species showed an increase in frequency. By contrast, the frequency rate of all the mosquitoes including Cx. tritaeniorhynchus gradually decreased.
Conclusion
The number of patients with Japanese encephalitis has been strongly associated with the occurrence and density of vector mosquitoes, and the importance of this infectious disease has been highlighted since 2010. The 2013 prediction indicated an increase after an initial decrease, although the ratio of the two mosquito species decreased. The increase in vector density may be due to changes in temperature and the environment. Thus, continuous prevalence prediction is warranted.

Citations

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  • Spatiotemporal distribution, environmental correlation and health risk analysis of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Beijing, China
    Mei-DE. Liu, Qiu-Hong Li, Ting Liu, Xiu-Yan Xu, Junqi Ge, Tong-Yan Shen, Yun-BO. Wang, Xian-Feng Zhao, Xiao-Peng Zeng, Yong Zhang, Ying Tong
    Heliyon.2024; 10(21): e39948.     CrossRef
  • Joint spatiotemporal modelling reveals seasonally dynamic patterns of Japanese encephalitis vector abundance across India
    Lydia H. V. Franklinos, David W. Redding, Tim C. D. Lucas, Rory Gibb, Ibrahim Abubakar, Kate E. Jones, Andrew S. Azman
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(2): e0010218.     CrossRef
  • Vector competence of anthropophilic mosquitoes for a new mesonivirus in Senegal
    Alioune Gaye, Moussa Moïse Diagne, El Hadji Ndiaye, Marie Henriette Dior Ndione, Martin Faye, Cheikh Talla, Gamou Fall, Yamar Ba, Diawo Diallo, Ibrahima Dia, Pascal Handschumacher, Ousmane Faye, Amadou Alpha Sall, Mawlouth Diallo
    Emerging Microbes & Infections.2020; 9(1): 496.     CrossRef
  • The mitochondrial genomes of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae) and comparison analysis with two other Culex species
    Qian-Chun Luo, You-Jin Hao, Fengxia Meng, Ting-Jing Li, Yi-Ran Ding, Ya-Qiong Hua, Bin Chen
    Parasites & Vectors.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
Susceptibility and Resistance of Field Populations of Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) Collected from Paju to 13 Insecticides
Kyu-Sik Chang, Dae-Hyun Yoo, E-Hyun Shin, Wook-Gyo Lee, Jong Yeol Roh, Mi Yeoun Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(2):76-80.   Published online April 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.02.001
  • 3,631 View
  • 24 Download
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Over 20% of all malaria cases reported annually in the Republic of Korea (ROK) occur in Paju, Gyeonggi Province. Vector control for malaria management is essential, but the insecticide resistance of the vector, Anopheles mosquitoes, has been a major obstacle in implementing effective control. In this study, the insecticide resistance of the vector mosquitoes was evaluated and compared with that of vector mosquitoes collected from the same locality in 2001 and 2009.
Methods
The insecticide resistance of Anopheles sinensis s.s. collected from Paju, Gyeonggi Province in the ROK was evaluated under laboratory conditions with a micro-application method using 13 insecticides currently used by local public health centers and pest control operators in the ROK.
Results
Based on median lethal dose (LC50) values, An. sinensis s.s. were most susceptible to the insecticides bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, and etofenprox in that order, and least susceptible to permethrin. An. sinensis showed higher susceptibility to pyrethroids than organophosphates, except for fenthion and permethrin. In a comparative resistance test, the resistance ratios (RRs) of An. sinensis collected in 2012 (AS12) to the 13 insecticides were compared to the RRs of two strains of An. sinensis collected from the same locality in 2001 (AS01) and 2008 (AS08). With some exceptions, AS12 demonstrated higher resistance to all tested insecticides compared to AS01 and AS08, and less resistance to bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, and cypermethrin compared to AS01.
Conclusion
These results indicate that careful selection and rotation of these insecticides may result in continued satisfactory control of field populations of An. sinensis s.s. for effective malaria management in Paju.

Citations

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  • Differences in seasonal dynamics and pyrethroid resistance development among Anopheles Hyrcanus group species
    Do Eun Lee, Jeong Heum Han, Gang Chan Lee, Junhyeong Choi, Wonyong Kwun, Si Hyeock Lee, Ju Hyeon Kim
    Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hyelee Hong, Tae-Hui Eom, Thuy-Tien Thi Trinh, Bao Duong Tuan, Hyun Park, Seon-Ju Yeo
    Malaria Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    C. L. Moyes, R. S. Lees, C. Yunta, K. J. Walker, K. Hemmings, F. Oladepo, P. A. Hancock, D. Weetman, M. J. I. Paine, H. M. Ismail
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    Dan Zhou, Yang Xu, Cheng Zhang, Meng-Xue Hu, Yun Huang, Yan Sun, Lei Ma, Bo Shen, Chang-Liang Zhu
    Parasites & Vectors.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dan Zhou, Baiyun Duan, Yan Sun, Lei Ma, Changliang Zhu, Bo Shen
    Pest Management Science.2017; 73(12): 2519.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Pyrethroid Resistance Allele in Malaria Vector Anopheles sinensis from Malaria High-risk Area
    Kwang Shik Choi, Seung-Yeol Lee, Do-Un Hwang, Heung-Chul Kim, Kyu-Sik Chang, Hee-Young Jung
    The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science.2016; 20(4): 286.     CrossRef
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    TPN Hariprasad, Nadikere Jaya Shetty
    International Journal of Tropical Insect Science.2016; 36(01): 48.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Chemistry.2015; 2015: 1.     CrossRef
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    Hong-wei Zhang, Ying Liu, Tao Hu, Rui-min Zhou, Jian-she Chen, Dan Qian, Cheng-yun Yang, Yu-ling Zhao, Su-hua Li, Jing Cui, Zhong-quan Wang, Zhanchun Feng, Bian-li Xu
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    Kyu-Sik Chang, E-Hyun Shin, Dae-Hyun Yoo, Young-Joon Ahn
    Journal of Medical Entomology.2014; 51(4): 804.     CrossRef
Autochthonous Lyme Borreliosis in Humans and Ticks in Korea
Shinje Moon, Jin Gwack, Kyu Jam Hwang, Donghyuk Kwon, Suyeon Kim, Yoontae Noh, Jongyul Roh, E-hyun Shin, Kyungjin Jeong, Wonseok Seok, Seung-Ki Youn
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(1):52-56.   Published online February 28, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.12.001
  • 3,825 View
  • 19 Download
  • 20 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objective: This study aimed at finding epidemiological and clinical features of autochthonous Lyme borreliosis in humans through epidemiological investigations and identifying its vectors and pathogens through analysis of ticks.
Method
Epidemiological investigations, including review of the retrospective medical records and patient interviews, were conducted in two cases that occurred in 2012. To identify the vectors and pathogens, ticks were collected between September 23 and October 6, 2012 from the area where the tick bite in the first patient occurred. The ticks were classified, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and cultures were performed.
Results
The first patient, a 46-year-old female, visited a forest in Gangwon province, which was 900 m above sea level, where the tick bite occurred. Two weeks after the tick bite, erythema migrans (12 × 6 cm2 in size) appeared on the site of tick bite, along with fever, chill, fatigue, myalgia, and arthralgia on shoulders, knees, and hips. The second patient, a 44-year-old male, visited a mountain in Gangwon province, which was 1200 m above sea level, where a tick bite occurred. One month after the tick bite, erythema migrans appeared at the site of the tick bite, along with fatigue, myalgia, and arthralgia on the right shoulder and temporomandibular joint. Indirect fluorescent antibody testing and Western blotting were carried out in these two cases for diagnosis, and positive findings were obtained. As a result, Lyme borreliosis could be confirmed. To estimate the pathogens and vectors, the ticks were collected. A total of 122 ticks were collected and only two species, Haemaphysalis japonica and Haemaphysalis flava, were identified. PCR and culture were performed on ticks. However, Borrelia burgdo rferi sensu lato was not isolated from any collected ticks.
Conclusions
This study is significant to confirm Lyme borreliosis officially at first by the national surveillance system, although identification of the mites and pathogens failed.

Citations

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    Kyoung-Seong Choi, Sunwoo Hwang, Myung Cheol Kim, Hyung-Chul Cho, Yu-Jin Park, Min-Jeong Ji, Sun-Woo Han, Joon-Seok Chae, Colleen B. Jonsson
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(7): e0012306.     CrossRef
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    Jiro KIM, YoungMin YUN
    Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2024; 56(3): 189.     CrossRef
  • 2019–2023년 라임병 환자 신고 현황
    동휘 김, 지혜 황, 슬기 임, 종희 김
    Public Health Weekly Report.2024; 17(39): 1654.     CrossRef
  • ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ПОВНОТИ РЕЄСТРАЦІЇ КЛІЩОВИХ ІНФЕКЦІЙ НА ТЕРНОПІЛЛІ
    В. О. Паничев, М. А. Андрейчин, А. С. Сверстюк
    Інфекційні хвороби.2023; (1): 18.     CrossRef
  • Surveillance and Molecular Identification ofBorreliaSpecies in Ticks Collected at U.S. Army Garrison Humphreys, Republic of Korea, 2018–2019
    Seung-Ho Lee, Sung-Tae Chong, Heung-Chul Kim, Terry A Klein, Kyungmin Park, Jingyeong Lee, Jeong-Ah Kim, Won-Keun Kim, Jin-Won Song, Sarah Hamer
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    Yu Zhao, Zhe-Hui Qu, Feng-Chao Jiao
    Parasitology International.2021; 83: 102344.     CrossRef
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    Lei Liu, Hao Tang, De-yong Duan, Jin-bao Liu, Jie Wang, Li-li Feng, Tian-yin Cheng
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    Choong Won Seo
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    Yali Sun, Lan He, Long Yu, Jiaying Guo, Zheng Nie, Qin Liu, Junlong Zhao
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    X.‐M. He, T.‐Y. Cheng
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Articles
Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Ixodid Ticks Collected from the Republic of Korea During 2011–2012
Seok-Min Yun, Bong Gu Song, WooYoung Choi, Won Il Park, Sung Yun Kim, Jong Yul Roh, Jungsang Ryou, Young Ran Ju, Chan Park, E-Hyun Shin
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2012;3(4):213-221.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.10.004
  • 4,236 View
  • 30 Download
  • 30 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
In this study, we demonstrated that TBEV-infected ticks have been distributed in the ROK, combined with our previous results. These results suggest that TBEV may exist in the ROK, and H. longicornis, H. flava, and I. nipponensis may be potential vectors of TBEV. In addition, these results emphasize the need for further epidemiological research of TBEV.
Methods
We examined for the presence of RNA of TBEV by reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) using ixodid ticks captured in 25 localities of 10 provinces. Ticks were collected by the flagging and dragging method or using sentinel BG traps at forests, grass thickets, and grassland. A total of 13,053 ticks belonging to two genera and four species were collected and pooled (1292 pools), according to collection site, species of tick, and developmental stage.
Results
Among 1292 pools, the envelope (E) protein gene of TBEV was detected using RT-nested PCR in 10 pools (3 pools of the 1,331 adult ticks and 7 pools of the 11,169 nymph ticks) collected from Gangwon-do province, Jeonrabuk-do province, and Jeju Island. The minimum infection rates for TBEV of Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis flava, and Ixodes nipponensis were 0.06%, 0.17%, and 2.38%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial E protein gene was performed to identify relationships between the TBEV strains. This showed that 10 Korean strains clustered with the Western subtype.
Conclusion
In this study, we investigated the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ixodid ticks from various regions of the Republic of Korea (ROK) during 2011–2012 to identify whether TBEV is circulating and to determine the endemic regions of TBEV.

Citations

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Management and Surveillance of Disease Vectors in the Republic of Korea
E-Hyun Shin
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(Suppl 1):S7-S7.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.028
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