<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-care agency and health self-efficacy measures, in patients with viral hepatitis.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>Data were collected from 116 outpatients over the age of 19 years who were diagnosed with viral hepatitis between February 20, 2019 and April 30, 2019. This study used the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale-Revised and the Health Self-Efficacy measures. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and canonical correlations were used during data analysis [SPSS version 25.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA)].</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The first canonical correlation coefficient was 0.65 (Wilks’ λ = 0.44, F = 5.63, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001) and the second was 0.42 (Wilks’ λ = 0.76, F = 3.08, <italic>p</italic> = .001). The first variate indicated a higher perception of having power for self-care (0.85) and developing power for self-care (0.92), and this was related to exercise (0.66), illness (0.76), emotion (0.75), nutrition (0.81), stress (0.60), and health practice (0.85). The second variate indicated a higher perception of having power for self-care (0.42), whilst lacking power for self-care (−0.82), was related to illness (0.35) and stress (0.72).</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Nursing interventions and education aimed at enhancing the self-care of viral hepatitis patients are needed to assist patients to improve their health care behaviors.</p></sec>