Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Original Articles

Predictors Affecting the Elderly’s Use of Emergency Medical Services: Ju Moon Park, Aeree Sohn; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11(4):209-215. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.10

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Objectives

Elderly adults are the demographic most likely to utilize emergency medical services (EMS). This study aimed to examine the difference in EMS utilization in subgroups of the elderly population by assessing the predictors for using EMS.

Methods

Using both descriptive and logistic regression analyses, this study analyses data from the 2014 Korean Health Panel Survey (n = 3,175).

Results

It was observed that certain predisposing factors such as age, sex, and marital status were significant predictors of EMS utilization. However, differences in EMS need do not fully account for the original differences observed between subgroups of elderly Koreans. While health status and disability were important predictors of elderly Koreans using EMS, place of residence did not account for subgroup differences. Nonetheless, place of residence remained particularly important predictors of EMS utilization for the elderly.

Conclusion

Emergency needs and resource availability are 2 main determinants for elderly Koreans using EMS. In addition, it was observed that the demographic subgroup profile of unmarried/divorced/separated/widowed men who were aged 75 and older was least likely to utilize EMS. Improving their resource availability to meet their EMS needs should be a top priority for national policy making to narrow elderly population subgroup differences.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Fatores associados às causas externas em idosos atendidos pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência
Ana Angélica Oliveira de Brito, Beatriz Barros de Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Ribeiro dos Santos, Débora de Oliveira Lima, Maria Zélia de Araújo Madeira, Guilherme Guarino de Moura Sá, Julyanne dos Santos Nolêto, Rouslanny Kelly Cipriano de Oliveira
Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors associated with external causes in elderly attended by the mobile emergency care service
Ana Angélica Oliveira de Brito, Beatriz Barros de Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Ribeiro dos Santos, Débora de Oliveira Lima, Maria Zélia de Araújo Madeira, Guilherme Guarino de Moura Sá, Julyanne dos Santos Nolêto, Rouslanny Kelly Cipriano de Oliveira
Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Epidemiology of Adult Emergency Medical Services Use in Muğla
Ömer Faruk Karakoyun, Kıvanç Karaman, Burcu Kaymak Golcuk, Yalcin Golcuk
Paramedik ve Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi.2024; 5(1): 1. CrossRef
Medical and social factors influencing the utilization of healthcare services among older adults in Israel during the COVID-19 lockdown
Ohad Shaked, Liat Korn, Yair Shapiro, Moti Zwilling, Avi Zigdon
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Social Factors Contributing to Healthcare Service Requirements during the First COVID-19 Lockdown among Older Adults
Ohad Shaked, Liat Korn, Yair Shapiro, Avi Zigdon
Healthcare.2022; 10(10): 1854. CrossRef
Socio-demographic characteristics and their relation to medical service consumption among elderly in Israel during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019
Ohad Shaked, Liat Korn, Yair Shapiro, Gideon Koren, Avi Zigdon, Aviad Tur-Sinai
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(12): e0278893. CrossRef

The Association Between Lung Function and Type 2 Diabetes in Koreans: Do-Youn Lee, Seung-min Nam; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11(1):27-33. Published online February 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.05

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

This study was performed to test the association between lung function and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korean patients.

Methods

Data from the 6^th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013 to 2015) was used in this study. There were 3,466 individuals aged between 40 and 80 years, with T2DM, who had a smoking and alcohol status listed, and blood analysis (including blood pressure), were included in this study. Lung function, measured by spirometer ventilatory dysfunction was categorized into 3 patterns: normal, restrictive ventilatory dysfunction, and obstructive ventilatory dysfunction (OVD).

Results

Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, individuals with restrictive ventilatory dysfunction had an increased odds ratio (OR 1.615, 95% CI 1.137–2.294) for T2DM compared with individuals with normal ventilatory function, whereas OVD had no increase in the odds ratio (OR 1.169, 95 % CI 0.857–1.594). Model 1, which adjusted for age and gender, showed that the probability of having restrictive disorder was 1.559 times (95% CI 1.617–2.082) higher for prediabetes patients, and 2.320 times (95% CI 1.611–3.343) higher for T2DM patients, compared to normal individuals. For Model 4, which was fully adjusted for variables, the probability of having a restrictive disorder was 1.837 times higher for T2DM patients (95% CI 1.260–2.679).

Conclusion

Restrictive ventilatory dysfunction, but not OVD, was associated independently with T2DM.

Citations

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Cardiorespiratory dynamics of type 2 diabetes mellitus: An extensive view of breathing and fitness challenges in a diabetes prevalent population
Uzair Abbas, Shahbaz Ali Shah, Nisha Babar, Pashmina Agha, Mohiba Ali Khowaja, Maryam Nasrumminallah, Hibba Erum Arif, Niaz Hussain, Syed Mustafa Hasan, Israr Ahmed Baloch, Hidetaka Hamasaki
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(7): e0303564. CrossRef
Evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on pulmonary vascular function and the development of pulmonary fibrosis
Nhlakanipho Mzimela, Nosipho Dimba, Aubrey Sosibo, Andile Khathi
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jie Chen, Xiaofeng Zhang, Gengyun Sun
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Hidden chronic metabolic acidosis of diabetes type 2 (CMAD): Clues, causes and consequences
Hayder A. Giha
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.2023; 24(4): 735. CrossRef
Association of Pulmonary Function Decline over Time with Longitudinal Change of Glycated Hemoglobin in Participants without Diabetes Mellitus
Wen-Hsien Lee, Da-Wei Wu, Ying-Chih Chen, Yi-Hsueh Liu, Wei-Sheng Liao, Szu-Chia Chen, Chih-Hsing Hung, Chao-Hung Kuo, Ho-Ming Su
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2021; 11(10): 994. CrossRef

The Effects of the Korean Medicine Health Care Program on Stroke-Related Factors and Self-Care Enhancement: Kyoung-Oh Chang, Jung-Hye Lim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(5):307-314. Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.5.07

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190 Download
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Abstract PDF

Objectives

This study was performed to examine the effects of the Korean medicine healthcare program on stroke-related factors and self-care enhancement.

Methods

This study was a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design study (N = 58 participants), with 28 in the treatment group (Korean medicine health care program) and 30 in the control group (no intervention). The program was conducted twice a week for 2 hours, for a total of 12 weeks.

Results

There were statistically significant differences in systolic (p = 0.005) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.006), cholesterol (p < 0.001), blood glucose (p < 0.001), self-esteem (p = 0.001), self-efficacy (p < 0.001), health perception (p < 0.001), and the health behavior (p < 0.001) between the experimental group and the control group.

Conclusion

Thus, the Korean medicine healthcare program was effective in managing stroke-related factors and enhancing self-care, and should be actively used to develop community health promotion strategies to prevent strokes and prepare long-term measures.

Citations

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Stroke knowledge and health-promoting behaviors: Mediating effect of patient self-esteem
GyeongChae MUN, JaeLan SHIM
Patient Education and Counseling.2024; 129: 108398. CrossRef

Brief Report

Review of the Incidence of Japanese Encephalitis in Foreign-Born and Korean Nationals Living in the Republic of Korea, 2007–2016: Een-Suk Shin, Ok Park, In-Sik Kong; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(3):126-129. Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.3.08

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Abstract PDF

The Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine was introduced to the national immunization program in 1985, which has led to a dramatic decrease in the number of reported cases, but JE continues to occur in foreign nationals residing in or traveling to Korea. Although the incidence is low, this study demonstrated that more Koreans were infected with JE than foreign-born expatriates. The incidence rates of Korean-born nationals were between 0.01 and 0.08 cases per 100,000. In contrast, the incidence rates of foreign-born nationals ranged between 0 and 0.26 cases per 100,000. The incidence rates clearly showed that foreign-born expatriates were more at risk, which underscores the importance of vaccination. We recommend heightened surveillance among JE-susceptible individuals and promote vaccination among foreign-born nationals living in Korea.

Citations

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Zachary C. Janatpour, M. Andrew Boatwright, Sara M. Yousif, Maria-Fernanda Bonilla, Kelly A. Fitzpatrick, Susan L. Hills, Catherine F. Decker
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 52: 102536. CrossRef
Travel vaccines—priorities determined by incidence and impact
Robert Steffen, Lin H Chen, Peter A Leggat
Journal of Travel Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Mechanism and Role of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Central Nervous System-Mediated Diseases
Pardeep Yadav, Pratik Chakraborty, Niraj Kumar Jha, Saikat Dewanjee, Abhimanyu Kumar Jha, Siva Prasad Panda, Prabhu Chandra Mishra, Abhijit Dey, Saurabh Kumar Jha
Viruses.2022; 14(12): 2686. CrossRef
Retention of neutralizing antibodies to Japanese encephalitis vaccine in age groups above fifteen years in Korea
Hee-Jung Lee, Hanul Choi, Ki Hoon Park, Yuyeon Jang, Young-jin Hong, Young Bong Kim
International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2020; 100: 53. CrossRef
Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
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MMWR. Recommendations and Reports.2019; 68(2): 1. CrossRef

Original Articles

Barriers, Attitudes, and Dietary Behaviors Regarding Sodium Reduction in the Elderly Korean–Chinese Population in Yanbian, China: Jounghee Lee, Wenying Cui, Meixiang Jin; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(3):185-194. Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.3.05

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

This research investigated the barriers, attitudes, and dietary behaviors related to sodium reduction among the elderly Korean–Chinese population in Yanbian, China.

Methods

We conducted this pilot study using both descriptive research and a focus group interview at the elderly community center in Yanbian.

Results

In total, 21 elderly Korean–Chinese (average age, 71 years) were examined. The findings showed that the top three barriers to sodium reduction were 1) the difficulties associated with having meals with others, 2) a preference for liquid based-dishes, and 3) the lack of taste in low-sodium dishes. Although the participants strongly believed that a reduced-sodium diet would improve their health, they were poorly aware of the amount of sodium in various foods and dishes. In particular, the focus group interviews with eight participants (mean age, 67 years) revealed that salt-preserved foods (e.g., Korean pickled cabbage called ‘kimchi’ and soybean paste) were frequently consumed as part of their food culture, and that very salty dishes were served at restaurants, both of which lead to a high sodium intake.

Conclusion

This study provides useful preliminary data to help design a nutrition intervention program for sodium reduction that targets the elderly Korean–Chinese population in China.

Citations

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Assessing Dietary Salt Intake and Pilot-Testing a Home-Based Intervention to Lower Salt Intake Among Filipino College Students
Angelo Joaquin M. Armas, Jade Alexie E. Aranda, Hyacintha S. Arcos, Ferdinand L. Arellano, Clarissa Bernette L. Arguelles, Angelo Martin M. Arreza, Mark Anthony G. Arriza, Charlene Kristine A. Ascan, Gian Carlo S. Torres
Journal of Community Health Nursing.2024; 41(1): 57. CrossRef
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of Malay Elderly on Salt Intake and Its Relationship With Blood Pressure
Hasnah Haron, NurAisyah Farhana Kamal, Hanis Mastura Yahya, Suzana Shahar
Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Is a Hypertension Diagnosis Associated With Improved Dietary Outcomes Within 2 to 4 Years? A Fixed‐Effects Analysis From the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Tania C. Aburto, Penny Gordon‐Larsen, Jennifer M. Poti, Annie G. Howard, Linda S. Adair, Christy L. Avery, Barry M. Popkin
Journal of the American Heart Association.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Gaps in awareness and control of hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Chinese urban adults
Ai Zhao, Shengjie Tan, Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto, Yan Wang, Liping Meng, Ting Li, Wenzhi Zhao, Meichen Wang, Yumei Zhang
Journal of Human Hypertension.2018; 32(6): 423. CrossRef

Timing of Spermarche and Menarche are Associated with Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Korean Adolescents: Eun-Young Lee, Roman Pabayo, Ichiro Kawachi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(4):266-272. Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.010

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study examined the timing of menarche and spermarche and their associations with physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) after controlling for body mass index (BMI).
Methods
Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether the timing of menarche in girls and spermarche in boys is associated with PA and SB independent of BMI in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents (13–18 years; N = 74,186).
Results
After controlling for age, family economic status, and BMI, early timing of spermarche among boys was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in PA and a lower likelihood of engaging in SB for < 2 hours during weekdays. By contrast, boys with late timing of spermarche were less likely to engage in PA and more likely to engage in SB for < 2 hours. Among girls, early or late timing of menarche was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in PA and a lower likelihood of engaging in SB.
Conclusion
Timing of menarche in girls and spermarche in boys could be a marker for PA and SB among Korean adolescents. To promote PA and discourage SB among Korean adolescents, school-based, grade-specific interventions can be tailored by the absence or presence of menarche/spermarche.

Citations

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Secular trend and urban–rural disparity for age at spermarche among Chinese Han boys from 1995 to 2019
Di Shi, Ning Ma, Yunfei Liu, Jiajia Dang, Panliang Zhong, Shan Cai, Peijin Hu, Jun Ma, Yi Song, Patrick W. C. Lau
Acta Paediatrica.2023; 112(3): 529. CrossRef
Association between healthy lifestyle pattern and early onset of puberty: based on a longitudinal follow-up study
Yanhui Li, Di Gao, Manman Chen, Ying Ma, Li Chen, Jun Ma, Yanhui Dong
British Journal of Nutrition.2022; 128(12): 2320. CrossRef
Indicators of nutritional status and physical activity level as factors associated with the onset of menarche of ten year old girls from Zadar county, Croatia
Donata Vidaković Samaržija, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Lara Pavelić Karamatić
International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and H.2021; 33(3): 219. CrossRef
Coming of age in the Netherlands: An osteological assessment of puberty in a rural Dutchpost‐medievalcommunity
Alette Anne Blom, Rachel Schats, Menno L.P. Hoogland, Andrea Waters‐Rist
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.2021; 174(3): 463. CrossRef
Association between Early Spermarche and Suicide Attempts in Boys: the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey
Young-Ji Lee, In-Young Ahn, Bong-Jo Kim, Cheol-Soon Lee, Boseok Cha, So-Jin Lee, Jiyeong Seo, Jae-Won Choi, Youn Jung Lee, Eunji Lim, Dongyun Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Longitudinal effects of biopsychosocial variables on physical activity after menarche
Mara L. SANTOS, Thaisys B. SIMÕES, Lilian A. MONTEIRO, Jefferson S. NOVAES, Helder M. FERNANDES
Minerva Pediatrics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Early menarche as a risk factor for suicidal ideation in girls: The Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey
Dongyun Lee, In-Young Ahn, Chul-Soo Park, Bong-Jo Kim, Cheol-Soon Lee, Boseok Cha, So-Jin Lee, Ji-Yeong Seo, Jae-Won Choi
Psychiatry Research.2020; 285: 112706. CrossRef
The First Ejaculation: A Male Pubertal Milestone Comparable to Menarche?
Jordan A. Chad
The Journal of Sex Research.2020; 57(2): 213. CrossRef
Mediating effect of sleep satisfaction on the relationship between stress and self-rated health among Korean adolescents: A nationwide cross-sectional study
Jaeyoung Lee
Children and Youth Services Review.2020; 109: 104717. CrossRef
A Systematic Literature Review of Factors Affecting the Timing of Menarche: The Potential for Climate Change to Impact Women’s Health
Silvia P. Canelón, Mary Regina Boland
International Journal of Environmental Research an.2020; 17(5): 1703. CrossRef
Exploring the relationship between adolescent biological maturation, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Sarah A. Moore, Sean P. Cumming, Geremia Balletta, Katelynn Ramage, Joey C. Eisenmann, Adam D. G. Baxter-Jones, Stefan A. Jackowski, Lauren B. Sherar
Annals of Human Biology.2020; 47(4): 365. CrossRef
Inter-segment foot motion in girls using a three-dimensional multi-segment foot model
Woo Young Jang, Dong Yeon Lee, Hae Woon Jung, Doo Jae Lee, Won Joon Yoo, In Ho Choi
Gait & Posture.2018; 63: 184. CrossRef
Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth and associations with psychological well-being among South Korean adolescents
Eun-Young Lee, John C. Spence, Mark S. Tremblay, Valerie Carson
Mental Health and Physical Activity.2018; 14: 66. CrossRef
A moment of truth
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2016; 7(4): 211. CrossRef
Biological and Social Determinants of Fertility Behaviour among the Jat Women of Haryana State, India
Ketaki Chandiok, Prakash Ranjan Mondal, Chakraverti Mahajan, Kallur Nava Saraswathy
Journal of Anthropology.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef

Identifying Barriers to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing for Men Who Have Sex with Men in South Korea: Aeree Sohn, Byonghee Cho, Harvey A. Kennedy; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(3):192-200. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.06.003

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The principal objective of this study was to identify the barriers to testing for men who have sex with men (MSM) in Korea, something that might prove useful in future studies of this nature.
Methods
This study was conducted at gay bars nationwide in Korea. After considering several offline locations (gay bars) where MSM candidates are commonly located, random recruitment was performed using time–location sampling. A total of 944 individuals participated in this survey. A total sample of 921 cases (23 cases were excluded) was used for analysis. A self-administered questionnaire measuring the individuals' demographics, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS knowledge, stigma, phobia, optimism bias, self-efficacy for condom use, and sexual practices was used.
Results
About 61.8% (N = 569) of respondents reported having been tested at least once in their lifetime, and 38.9% (N = 358) acknowledged being tested within the past 12 months. After adjusting for age, education, and number of partners in a logistic regression analysis, awareness of testing place [odds ratio (OR) = 4.04], exposure to HIV prevention campaign (1.54), fear (OR = 1.13), and discrimination toward people with HIV/AIDS (OR = 0.94) were the main factors associated with HIV testing.
Conclusion
To accomplish widespread HIV testing for Korean MSM, the accessibility of testing centers and advertisement of voluntary counseling and testing to MSM are needed.

Citations

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Behavioral predictors associated with HIV screening needs in gay Korean men during the COVID-19 pandemic
Rang Hee Kwon, So-Hyun Kim, Minsoo Jung, Omid Dadras
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(6): e0287061. CrossRef
Trends in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Knowledge and Stigma among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Republic of Korea from 2012 to 2022
Aeree Sohn
Healthcare.2023; 11(24): 3135. CrossRef
Cost-effectiveness analysis of pre-exposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV in men who have sex with men in South Korea: a mathematical modelling study
Heun Choi, Jiyeon Suh, Woonji Lee, Jun Hyoung Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Hye Seong, Jin Young Ahn, Su Jin Jeong, Nam Su Ku, Yoon Soo Park, Joon Sup Yeom, Changsoo Kim, Hee-Dae Kwon, Davey M. Smith, Jeehyun Lee, Jun Yong Choi
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Users' Concerns Related to Online HIV Counseling in South Korea: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Han Ju Lee, Hee Sun Kang, Savitri Singh-Carlson, Kyung Sun Kim
Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.2020; 31(6): 646. CrossRef
The use of social marketing campaigns to increase HIV testing uptake: a systematic review
John O. Olawepo, Jennifer R. Pharr, Axenya Kachen
AIDS Care.2019; 31(2): 153. CrossRef
Non-adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among HIV infected adults in Mon State of Myanmar
Win Lei Aye, Apa Puckpinyo, Karl Peltzer
BMC Public Health.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Discrimination and Stigma
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(3): 141. CrossRef

A Study on the Characteristics of Infrequent and Frequent Outpatients Visiting Korean Traditional Medical Facilities: Jinwon Yoon, Haemo Park, Chaeshin Chu, Sung-Yong Choi, Kibum Lee, Sundong Lee; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(3):170-183. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.06.001

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study was intended to analyze the characteristics of infrequent and frequent outpatients visiting Korean medical facilities, and find the related variables of frequent users.
Methods
The data source was the Report on the Usage and Consumption of Korean Medicine (2011) published by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. We analyzed outpatient data using SAS 9.2.
Results
As much as 46.6% of the patients used Korean medical services over 11 times in 3 months. The proportion of frequent users increased depending on age, and their proportion was high in the low-income and low-education group. People with musculoskeletal disease, stroke, hypertension, and obesity were more likely to use Korean medical services. In general, patients were satisfied with their treatment, with frequent outpatients being more satisfied than infrequent outpatients. In logistic regression analysis, age and musculoskeletal disease were significant determinants of frequency of use of Korean medical services.
Conclusion
Age, musculoskeletal disease, and specific diseases were highly associated with frequent Korean medical utilization.

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Identifying the Relationship between the Korean Medicine and Western Medicine in Factors Affecting Medical Service Use
Young-eun Choi, Chul-woung Kim
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Takumi Kayo, Masao Suzuki, Ryuji Kato, Naoto Ishizaki, Tadamichi Mitsuma, Fumihiko Fukuda, Vijay S. Gc
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Brief Report

Activities of the Korean Institute of Tuberculosis: Sungweon Ryoo, Hee Jin Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(Suppl):S43-S49. Published online December 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.007

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Abstract PDF

The Korean National Tuberculosis Association (KNTA) set up the Korean Institute of Tuberculosis (KIT) in 1970 to foster research and technical activities pertaining to tuberculosis (TB). The KNTA/KIT had successfully conducted a countrywide TB prevalence survey from 1965 to 1995 at 5-year intervals. The survey results (decline in TB rates) established Korea as a country that had successfully implemented national control programs for TB. The KIT developed the Korea Tuberculosis Surveillance System and the Laboratory Management Information System, both of which were transferred to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after its establishment. The KIT functions as a central and supranational reference TB laboratory for microbiological and epidemiological research and provides training and education for health-care workers and medical practitioners. Recently, the KIT has expanded its activities to countries such as Ethiopia, Laos, and Timor-Leste to support TB control and prevention. The KIT will continue to support research activities and provide technical assistance in diagnosing the infection until it is completely eliminated in Korea.

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Original Article

Under-reporting of Energy Intake from 24-hour Dietary Recalls in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Seunghee Kye, Sung-Ok Kwon, Soon-Young Lee, Jiyoon Lee, Bok Hee Kim, Hee-Jae Suh, Hyun-Kyung Moon; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(2):85-91. Published online April 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.02.002

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Chronic degenerative diseases are closely related to daily eating habits, nutritional status, and, in particular, energy intake. In clarifying these relationships it is very important for dietary surveys to report accurate information about energy intake. This study attempted to identify the prevalence of the under-reporting of energy intake and its related characteristics based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in the years 2007–2009.
Methods
The present study analyzed dietary intake data from 15,133 adults aged ≥19 years using 24-hour dietary recalls. Basal metabolic rates were calculated from the age- and gender-specific equations of Schofield and under-reporting was defined as an energy intake <0.9, represented by the ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate.
Results
Under-reporters (URs) accounted for 14.4% of men and 23.0% of women and the under-reporting rate was higher in the age group 30–49 years for both men and women. The results from an analysis of the age-specific socioeconomic characteristics of participants classified as URs showed that under-reporting was high in women living alone and in women with only elementary school education or no education. The results from an analysis of the health-specific characteristics of URs showed that a large proportion of URs had poor self-rated health or were obese, or both, compared with non-URs. The proportion of participants who consumed less than the estimated average requirements for nutrients was significantly higher in URs compared with non-URs.
Conclusion
The under-reporting of energy intake was associated with age, gender, education level, income level, household status (single-person or multi-person), self-rated health, physical activity, and obesity.

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Articles

Dietary Patterns and Osteoporosis Risk in Postmenopausal Korean Women: Seon-Joo Park, Seong-Eun Joo, Haesook Min, Jae Kyung Park, Yeonjung Kim, Sung Soo Kim, Younjhin Ahn; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2012;3(4):199-205. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.10.005

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The prevalence of osteoporosis and related fractures has increased rapidly in Korean women. Proper nutrition intake is associated with the prevention of osteoporosis. We analyzed the association between dietary patterns and the risk of osteoporosis during a 4-year follow-up in postmenopausal Korean women.
Methods
Postmenopausal women (n = 1,725) who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were enrolled. Food intake was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and a quantitative ultrasound device was used to measure the speed of sound at the radius and tibia.
Results
Three major dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis based on baseline intake data: traditional (high intake of rice, kimchi, and vegetables), dairy (high intake of milk, dairy products, and green tea), and western (high intake of sugar, fat, and bread). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risk for osteoporosis. An inverse association was detected between the dairy dietary pattern and the osteoporosis incidence [relative risk (RR): 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42–0.93, p-trend=0.055 in radius; RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.90, p-trend=0.048 in tibia]. Individuals in the highest quintile for the traditional dietary pattern (p-trend = 0.009 in tibia) and western dietary pattern (p-trend = 0.043 in radius) demonstrated a higher risk of osteoporosis incidence than those in the lowest quintile.
Conclusion
These results suggested that high consumption of milk, dairy products, and green tea may reduce the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women.

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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Sexual Behaviors in HIV/AIDS and Predictors Affecting Condom Use among Men Who Have Sex with Men in South Korea: Aeree Sohn, Byonghee Cho; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2012;3(3):156-164. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.07.001

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27 Download
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Abstract PDF

Objectives
In South Korea, men who have sex with men (MSM) are rather understudied, but are known to be at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study was to access HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors, and to identify the factors of condom use in HIV prevention.
Methods
We recruited 1070 MSM in Korea, using the Internet to maximize the confidentiality of the MSM.
Results
The prevalence of self-reported and sexually transmitted infections and HIV in the total sample was 10.7% and 2.7%, respectively. Factual knowledge and phobias regarding HIV/AIDS and self-efficacy were relatively high among the MSM. After controlling for age, education, marital status, and sexual identity, predictors of condom use at most recent anal sex included knowledge (OR = 1.25; p < 0.0001); self-efficacy (OR = 1.33; p = 0.02), additionally, having HIV testing (OR = 1.45; p = 0.02); and having a regular partner (OR = 0.53; p < 0.0001) were also positively associated with condom use.
Conclusion
The intervention programs for MSM in Korea may need to take the idiosyncratic societal and cultural pressures of the region into consideration in order to reduce infection risk.

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Neutralizing Antibody Responses and Evolution of the Viral Envelope in the Course of HIV-1 Korean Clade B Infection: Bo Gyeong Shin, Mi-Ran Yun, Sung Soon Kim, Gab Jung Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(3):151-157. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.038

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
HIV is able to continuously adapt to and evade the evolving neutralizing antibody responses of the host. We investigated the ability of HIV variants to evade neutralizing antibodies in order to understand the distinct characteristics of HIV-1 Korean clade B.
Methods
Three drug-naive subjects were enrolled in this study who were infected with HIV-1 Korean clade B. Neutralizations were performed using autologous plasma and pseudovirion-based assays in order to analyze and compare changes in the env gene.
Results
In the early phase of infection, neutralizing activities against autologous virus variants gradually increased, which was followed by a decline in the humoral immune response against the subsequent viral escape variants. The amino acids lengths and number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGS) in HIV-1 env gene was positively correlated with neutralized antibody responses during the early stages of infection.
Conclusion
This study suggests that change within the env domains over the course of infection influences reactivities to neutralized antibodies and may also have an impact on host immune responses. This is the first longitudinal study of HIV-1 humoral immunity that took place over the entire course of HIV-1 Korean clade B infection.

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Blockage of CD59 Function Restores Activities of Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies in Triggering Antibody-Dependent Complement-Mediated Lysis of HIV-1 Virions and Provirus-Activated Latently Infected Cells
Kai Yang, Jie Lan, Nicole Shepherd, Ningjie Hu, Yanyan Xing, Daniel Byrd, Tohti Amet, Corlin Jewell, Samir Gupta, Carole Kounga, Jimin Gao, Qigui Yu, G. Silvestri
Journal of Virology.2015; 89(18): 9393. CrossRef

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