<b>Objectives</b><br/>This study aimed to investigate differences in the anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibody seropositivity rate by age and gender. Methods: We collected information on anti-HAV immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M status from samples submitted for HAV antibody testing in 2012–2022. A total of 1,333,615 cases were included in the analysis. Results: By age, the seropositivity rate was represented by a U-shaped curve, such that the rate was low for the group aged 20 to 39 years and higher in those who were younger or older. Over time, the curve shifted rightward, and the seropositivity rate declined gradually in the group aged 35 to 39 years and older. A gender-based difference in antibody seropositivity rate was especially noticeable in the group aged 20 to 29 years. This difference between genders widened in the participants’ early 20s—when men in the Republic of Korea enlist in the military—and the divergence continued subsequently for older individuals. Conclusion: These results indicate a higher risk of severe infection among older individuals and a gender-based difference in seroprevalence. Therefore, it is necessary to implement policies to promote vaccination in adults.
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>The present study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of <italic>Toxocara</italic> in children ≤ 10 years old, from rural and urban areas of Ilam.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>Serum samples from 383 children ≤ 10 years old, were selected randomly from rural and urban areas of Ilam province and surveyed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>The total rate of infection with <italic>Toxocara</italic> was 22% (31% with a history of contact with dogs and cats, and 14% without a history of contact). Of those infected, 23% were male and 18% were female, 36% lived a rural life and 20% had an urban life. A significant correlation was found between the incidence of disease, and urban and rural life, as well as exposure to dogs and cats. There was no correlation between prevalence and gender or age.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>Given the high prevalence of infection with <italic>Toxocara</italic> amongst children in Ilam province, preventive work in the community such as education in risk management and periodic treatment with anti-parasitic drugs and elimination of stray dogs and cats is an appropriate measure.</p></sec>
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Seroprevalence of toxocariasis and its related risk factors among municipal street sweepers in Shiraz District in Fars Province, southern Iran Amirhossein Erfani, Ali Pouryousef, Nasir Arefkhah, Reza Shahriarirad, Mohammad Rastegarian, Ali Zeighami, Fattaneh Mikaeili, Seyed Younes Hosseini, Bahador Sarkari Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2020; 8(2): 643. CrossRef
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<b>Objectives</b><br/>
<i>Plasmodium vivax</i> merozoite surface protein 1 (PvMSP1) is the most intensively studied malaria vaccine candidate. Although high antibody response-inducing two C-terminal fragments of PvMSP1 (PvMSP1-19 and PvMSP1-42) are currently being developed as candidate malaria vaccine antigens, their high genetic diversity in various isolates is a major hurdle. The sequence polymorphism of PvMSP1 has been investigated; however, the humoral immune responses induced by different portions of this protein have not been evaluated in Korea.<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>
Two fragments of PvMSP1 were selected for this study: (1) PvMSP1-19, which is genetically conserved; and (2) PvMSP1-33, which corresponds to a variable portion. For the latter, two representative strains, Sal 1 and Belem, were included. Thus, three recombinant proteins, PvMSP1-19, PvMSP1-33 Sal 1, and PvMSP1-33 Belem, were produced in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and then tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using sera from 221 patients with vivax malaria.<br/><b>Results</b><br/>
Of the 221 samples, 198, 142, and 106 samples were seropositive for PvMSP1-19, PvMSP1-33 Sal 1, and PvMSP1-33 Belem, respectively. Although 100 samples were simultaneously seropositive for antibodies specific to all the recombinant proteins, 39 and six samples were respectively seropositive for antibodies specific to MSP1-33 Sal 1 and MSP1-33 Belem. Antibodies specific to PvMSP1-19 were the most prevalent.<br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/>
Monitoring seroprevalence is essential for the selection of promising vaccine candidates as most of the antigenic proteins in <i>P. vivax</i> are highly polymorphic.
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<b>Objectives</b><br/>
To determine the leptospirosis seroprevalence and to identify the predominant infecting serovars among oil palm plantation workers.<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>
The cross-sectional study involved 350 asymptomatic oil palm plantation workers in Melaka and Johor. A serological test using the microscopic agglutination test was conducted in the Institute of Medical Research with a cut-off titre for seropositivity of ≥1:100.<br/><b>Results</b><br/>
The overall seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies was 28.6%. The job category with the highest seroprevalence was the fruit collector with 59.2%. The predominant serovar identified was serovar Sarawak (Lepto 175) (62%).<br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/>
A high seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies was detected among oil palm plantation workers and specifically among fruit collectors. The predominant infecting serovar among the workers was serovar Sarawak (Lepto 175). The findings suggest that more studies are needed to determine the reasons for the high seroprevalence and the transmission and pathogenicity of the local serovar Sarawak (Lepto 175).
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Leptospira infection in bats in Vietnam Ekaterina V. Radyuk, Natalia V. Breneva, Sofia E. Budaeva, Marat T. Makenov, Olga А. Stukolova, Victoria P. Bulanenko, Lan Anh T. Le, Manh N. Dao, Chau V. Nguyen, Nga T. Bui Thi, Mo T. Luong, Tan N. Nguyen, Sergei V. Balakhonov, Lyudmila S. Karan Acta Tropica.2024; 257: 107298. CrossRef
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<b>Objectives</b><br/>
The incidence of anal disease is higher among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection than among the general population. We surveyed the status of seroprevalence in colorectal hospitals in Korea.<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>
The survey was conducted in colorectal hospitals in Korea from November to December 2008. The questionnaire was comprised of six topics about the status of HIV testing in colorectal hospitals. We gathered the data by website (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://hivqa.nih.go.kr/risk">http://hivqa.nih.go.kr/risk</ext-link>) or fax.<br/><b>Results</b><br/>
Among 774 colorectal hospitals contacted, 109 (14%) hospitals participated in the survey. Among these, 48 hospitals (44%) performed HIV tests in their own hospitals and 11 (23%) took HIV testing by rapid method. The main reason for recommending an HIV test was surgical operation (54%) followed by endoscope (11%) and health checkup (9%). The annual number of HIV tests increased from 58,647 (at 21 hospitals) in 2002 to 246,709 (at 58 hospitals) in 2007. HIV seroprevalence was >3.0 per 10,000 individuals during 2002–2005, decreased to 2.2 per 10,000 individuals in 2006 and rose to 2.8 per 10,000 individuals in 2007.<br/><b>Conclusions</b><br/>
HIV seroprevalence of colorectal hospitals was more than twice that of general hospitals in Korea. HIV surveillance systems based on colorectal hospitals for HIV/AIDS transmission prevention by early HIV diagnosis are needed.
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Discrimination and Stigma Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(3): 141. CrossRef
Hospital-based HIV/HSV-2 seroprevalence among male patients with anal disease in Korea: cross sectional study Jin-Sook Wang, Do Yeon Hwang, Hye-Kyung Yu, Sung Soon Kim, Jong Kyun Lee, Mee-Kyung Kee BMC Infectious Diseases.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
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<b>Objectives</b><br/>
The purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Korea during 2005.<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>
Study subjects were selected from across Korea using a stratified multistage probability sampling design, and HAV and HEV seroprevalence was compared on the basis of sex, age, and residency. A total of 497 rural and urban people aged 10–99 years of age (mean ± SD age = 28.87 ± 17.63 years) were selected by two-stage cluster sampling and tested serologically for anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.<br/><b>Results</b><br/>
Among this population, the overall seroprevalence of HAV was 63.80% (55.21% aged in their 20s and 95.92% in their 30s, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and that of HEV was 9.40% (5.21% aged in their 20s and 7.14% in their 30s, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Seroprevalence also varied according to area of residence. HEV prevalence in rural areas was higher than that of urban regions based on the anti-HEV antibody, odds ratio 3.22 (95% confidence interval: 1.46–7.10, <i>p</i> < 0.01). There were no significant differences between male and female against anti-HAV/HEV antibodies.<br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/>
Our study suggested that the seropositive rates of HAV and HEV might be related to age and environmental conditions.
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