Objectives The main Brucella species causing human infections in the Republic of Korea is Brucella abortus, which uses cattle as its host. However, since 2014, Brucella melitensis, which uses sheep and goats as hosts, has also been identified. This study investigated whether a shift has occurred in the predominant species of Brucella pathogens.
Methods Brucellosis is a class 3 infectious disease requiring mandatory reporting and registration in the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency’s infectious disease surveillance system (http://is.kdca.go.kr). Cases from 2014 to 2023 were studied, and whole-genome sequencing analysis was conducted using BruMLSA21.
Results Out of 51 patients, males (45 patients, 88.2%) were predominantly affected. Twenty-five patients (49%) came from the livestock industry, and within the livestock sector group, the route of infection occurred exclusively through contact (25/25, 100%), whereas in other occupations, it was split between contact (9/26 patients, 34.6%) and ingestion (8/26 patients, 30.8%). Among the 31 patients who underwent Brucella culture tests, B. melitensis was found to be more prevalent than B. abortus (14 patients, 45.2% vs. 11 patients, 35.5%). In all cases where B. melitensis was isolated, the infections were of foreign origin, consistent with the results of BruMLSA21.
Conclusion Regular monitoring of the causative agent of brucellosis is necessary due to its varying host preferences and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, given the increasing prevalence of B. melitensis worldwide, changes in dietary habits (e.g., increased lamb consumption), and the increase in foreign workers and Chinese immigrants, a multi-ministerial One Health response will be required.
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<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease that poses a significant public health threat worldwide. The classical bacteriological detection process used to identify <italic>Brucella</italic> spp. is difficult and time-consuming. This study aimed to develop a novel molecular assay for detecting brucellosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>All complete sequences of chromosome 1 with 2.1-Mbp lengths were compared among all available <italic>Brucella</italic> sequences. A unique repeat sequence (URS) locus on chromosome 1 could differentiate <italic>Brucella abortus</italic> from <italic>Brucella melitensis</italic>. A primer set was designed to flank the unique locus. A total of 136 lymph nodes and blood samples were evaluated and classified by the URS-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in 2013–2014.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Biochemical tests and bacteriophage typing as the golden standard indicated that all <italic>Brucella</italic> spp. isolates were <italic>B. melitensis</italic> biovar 1 and <italic>B. abortus</italic> biovar 3. The PCR results were the same as the bacteriological method for detecting <italic>Brucella</italic> spp. The sensitivity and specificity of the URS-PCR method make it suitable for detecting <italic>B. abortus</italic> and <italic>B. melitensis</italic>.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Quick detection of <italic>B. abortus</italic> and <italic>B. melitensis</italic> can provide the most effective strategies for control of these bacteria. The advantage of this method over other presented methods is that both <italic>B. abortus</italic> and <italic>B. melitensis</italic> are detectable in a single test tube. Furthermore, this method covered 100% of all <italic>B. melitensis</italic> and <italic>B. abortus</italic> biotypes. The development of this URS-PCR method is the first step toward the development of a novel kit for the molecular identification of <italic>B. abortus</italic> and <italic>B. melitensis</italic>.</p></sec>
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Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015;6(1):9-13. Published online February 28, 2015
Objectives
Development of an efficacious vaccine against brucellosis has been a challenge for scientists for many years. At present, there is no licensed vaccine against human brucellosis. To overcome this problem, currently, antigenic determinants of <i>Brucella</i> cell wall such as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are considered as potential candidates to develop subunit vaccines. Methods
In this study, <i>Brucella abortus</i> LPS was used for conjugation to <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> serogroup B outer membrane vesicle (OMV) as carrier protein using carbodiimide and adipic acid–mediated coupling and linking, respectively. Groups of eight BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously with 10 μg LPS alone, combined LPS + OMV and conjugated LPS–OMV on 0 days, 14 days, 28 days and 42 days. Anti-LPS IgG was measured in serum. Results
The yield of LPS to OMV in LPS–OMV conjugate was 46.55%, on the basis of carbohydrate content. The ratio for LPS to OMV was 4.07. The LPS–OMV conjugate was the most immunogenic compound that stimulated following the first injection with increased IgG titer of ∼5-fold and ∼1.3-fold higher than that produced against LPS and LPS in noncovalent complex to OMV (LPS + OMV), respectively. The highest anti-LPS IgG titer was detected 2 weeks after the third injection (Day 42) of LPS–OMV conjugate. The conjugated compound elicited higher titers of IgG than LPS + OMV, that showed a 100–120-fold rise of anti-LPS IgG in mice. Conclusion
These results indicate that our conjugated LPS–OMV can be used as a brucellosis vaccine, but further investigation is required.
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Objectives
Brucellosis remains one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide. In humans, brucellosis can be a serious, debilitating, and sometimes chronic disease. Different mechanisms can be postulated as to the basis for the induction of the chronic status of infectious diseases that T regulatory cells are one of the most important related mechanisms. The current study was designed to determine whether percentage of CD4+Treg cells and their CD25<sup>high</sup> and FoxP3<sup>high</sup> subpopulations in peripheral blood are changed in human brucellosis samples in comparison to a control group. Methods
In total, 68 brucellosis patients (acute form: <i>n</i> = 43, chronic form: <i>n</i> = 25) and 36 healthy volunteers entered our study. After isolating of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, heparinized venous blood samples were obtained from both patients and healthy donors, CD4, CD25, and FoxP3 molecules were evaluated by two- and three-color flow cytometric methods. Results
The results revealed a new finding in relation to Treg cells and human brucellosis. The numbers of CD4<sup>+</sup>Treg cells and their CD25<sup>high</sup> and FoxP3<sup>high</sup> subsets increase significantly in the peripheral blood of acute and chronic forms of brucellosis samples compared with healthy groups, with this increase being greater in the chronic group. Conclusion
There seems to be a correlation between increase of CD4+Treg cells and their subsets and the disease progress from healthy state to acute and chronic brucellosis.
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Objectives
Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonosis in the world. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) is a molecular method for genotyping bacterial species. <i>Brucella abortus</i> biovar I was isolated from most of the brucellosis-suspected patients in Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the ability of various MLVA primers that are used for molecular typing <i>B. abortus</i> isolates and for analyzing their epidemiological data. Methods
A total of 80 human isolates of <i>B. abortus</i> biovar I isolated from human patients and the reference strain were used for MLVA. Genetic diversity was determined by calculating the Simpson's diversity index (DI) of each VNTR locus. The <i>Brucella</i> strains were subcultured 30 times to determine the stability of each locus. The DNA of the strains cultivated in each passage was extracted and subjected to MLVA for further investigation. Results
The 15 VNTR loci were selected based on high DI values. The DIs of the 15 VNTR loci showed considerable discrimination power ranging from 59% for Bruce 43 to 87% for Bruce 22. Bruce 09, Bruce 11, Bruce 16, Bruce 42, and Bruce 43 were confirmed to remain stable <i>in vitro</i> among the 15 VNTR loci selected. Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the five loci subsets may be a useful epidemiological tool for investigating <i>B. abortus</i> biovar 1 outbreak.
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Objectives
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonoses in the world, and occurs mainly in farmers, slaughterhouse workers, and veterinarians via direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their products. The clinical symptoms of human brucellosis are nonspecific, such as fever, headache, chills, and sweating. Diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis requires laboratory tests. Although the serum tube agglutination test (SAT) is the standardized gold method, it is laborious, time consuming, and requires a number of reagents. A microagglutination test (MAT) variant of the SAT or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is recommended for serological diagnoses. For the simple and rapid diagnosis of brucellosis, the MAT was standardized using samples for the SAT to define positive and negative categories, and we then compared the sensitivity and specificity of the MAT and ELISA. Methods
Thirty SAT-positive sera and 60 SAT-negative sera were used in this study. Antibody titers of ≥1:160 were considered positive readings in both the SAT and MAT. <i>Brucella abortus</i> antigens and <i>Brucella</i>-positive control antiserum were used in the SAT and MAT. ELISAs of IgM and IgG were performed according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Results
The titers of the MAT differed according to antigen concentration. The optimal concentration of <i>B abortus</i> antigen was determined to compare the sensitivity and specificity between the MAT and SAT. The sensitivity and specificity of the MAT were 93.3% and 96.7%, respectively, for IgG with reference to ELISA, and 96.7% and 98.3%, respectively, for IgM. Conclusions
The optimal concentration of antigen for the MAT was 1:10. The MAT is less time consuming and requires less antigen and serum than the SAT. The results of the MAT showed good agreement with those of ELISA. The results of this study suggest that the MAT could be useful for diagnosis of brucellosis.
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