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Original Articles
Estimation of the Size of Dengue and Zika Infection Among Korean Travelers to Southeast Asia and Latin America, 2016–2017
Chaeshin Chu, Een Suk Shin
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(6):394-398.   Published online December 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.6.10
  • 4,831 View
  • 75 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

To estimate the number and risk of imported infections resulting from people visiting Asian and Latin American countries.

Methods

The dataset of visitors to 5 Asian countries with dengue were analyzed for 2016 and 2017, and in the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, imported cases of zika virus infection were also reported. For zika virus, a single imported case was reported from Brazil in 2016, and 2 imported cases reported from the Maldives in 2017. To understand the transmissibility in 5 Southeast Asian countries, the estimate of the force of infection, i.e., the hazard of infection per year and the average duration of travel has been extracted. Outbound travel numbers were retrieved from the World Tourism Organization, including business travelers.

Results

The incidence of imported dengue in 2016 was estimated at 7.46, 15.00, 2.14, 4.73 and 2.40 per 100,000 travelers visiting Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam, respectively. Similarly, 2.55, 1.65, 1.53, 1.86 and 1.70 per 100,000 travelers in 2017, respectively. It was estimated that there were 60.1 infections (range: from 16.8 to 150.7 infections) with zika virus in Brazil, 2016, and 345.6 infections (range: from 85.4 to 425.5 infections) with zika virus in the Maldives, 2017.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes that dengue and zika virus infections are mild in their nature, and a substantial number of infections may go undetected. An appropriate risk assessment of zika virus infection must use the estimated total size of infections.

Impact of Dengue Surveillance Workers on Community Participation and Satisfaction of Dengue Virus Control Measures in Semarang Municipality, Indonesia: A Policy Breakthrough in Public Health Action
Sayono Sayono, Widoyono Widoyono, Didik Sumanto, Rokhani Rokhani
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(6):376-384.   Published online December 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.6.08
  • 6,950 View
  • 108 Download
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess community participation in Dengue virus control measures, and community satisfaction in the Dengue surveillance workers (DSWs) performance in Semarang municipality after 3 years of empowerment.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey involved 1,018 selected participants from 12 groups of social roles in 141 villages in Semarang municipality, Indonesia. A direct interview was performed using a structured questionnaire to evaluate the acceptance, and satisfaction of the community towards the DSWs. The data were analyzed descriptively.

Results

The majority of the members of the community considered that the DSWs play an important role in reducing Dengue cases, and vectors of the Dengue virus, as well as increasing the community participation in Dengue control measures. The survey showed that DSWs performance, attitudes, and abilities regarding their main tasks were perceived to be good.

Conclusion

Overall, people in Semarang municipality were satisfied with the performance of the DSWs, and considered them important enough to be maintained and strengthened in the future so that Dengue could be controlled. This new policy needs to be disseminated to other regions that may encounter the problems associated with Dengue virus.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Social Capital in Dengue Control: A Systematic Literature Review
    Nur Siyam, Martini, Nur Endah Wahyuningsih, Mateus Sakundarno Adi, M.I. Kartasurya, J.-H. Han, K.-H. Tsai, S. Nursheena, S. Changrob, N. Lisnawati, A.F. Asna, N. Handayani, D.Z. Nuridzin
    BIO Web of Conferences.2024; 133: 00028.     CrossRef
  • Community engagement to control dengue vector in two municipalities of Aragua State, Venezuela
    María Martínez, Victor Mijares, Nancy Moreno, Luis Pérez-Ybarra, Flor de María Herrera
    Journal of Current Health Sciences.2023; 3(1): 21.     CrossRef
  • Dengue hemorrhagic fever: a growing global menace
    Shakeela Parveen, Zainab Riaz, Saba Saeed, Urwah Ishaque, Mehwish Sultana, Zunaira Faiz, Zainab Shafqat, Saman Shabbir, Sana Ashraf, Amna Marium
    Journal of Water and Health.2023; 21(11): 1632.     CrossRef
  • The Key Associated Factor of the Emergence of the Dengue Vector in Peri-Urban and Rural Settlements
    Ayu Dewi Wiyata, Wahyu Handoyo, Sayono Sayono
    JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN .2023; 15(4): 291.     CrossRef
  • World Dengue Day: A call for action
    Nattachai Srisawat, Usa Thisyakorn, Zulkifli Ismail, Kamran Rafiq, Duane J. Gubler, Hannah E. Clapham
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(8): e0010586.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Toxicity in Four Extract Types of Tuba Root against Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae
    S. Sayono, R. Anwar, D. Sumanto
    Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences.2020; 23(12): 1530.     CrossRef
Brief Report
Comparison of the Epidemiological Aspects of Imported Dengue Cases between Korea and Japan, 2006–2010
Young Eui Jeong, Won-Chang Lee, Jung Eun Cho, Myung-Guk Han, Won-Ja Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(1):71-74.   Published online February 28, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.12.001
  • 3,536 View
  • 21 Download
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
To compare the epidemiological characteristics of dengue cases imported by travelers or immigration in both Korea and Japan, we determined dengue incidence and related risk factors. During 2006–2010, 367 and 589 imported dengue cases were reported in Korea and Japan, respectively. In Korea, the presumptive origins for the dengue infections were Southeast Asia (82.6%), Southern Asia (13.9%), Eastern Asia (1.1%), South America (0.3%), Central America (0.3%), Africa (0.3%), and other countries (1.6%). In Japan, the origins of the infections were Southeast Asia (69.8%), Southern Asia (20.0%), Eastern Asia (1.7%), South America (2.5%), Central America (1.2%), Africa (1.2%), Oceania (2.4%), and other countries (1.2%). In both countries, more dengue cases were reported for men than for women (p < 0.01), and those aged 20–30 years accounted for > 60% of the total cases. The frequency of imported cases in summer and autumn (∼70% of total cases) was similar in both countries. This study demonstrates that there is a similar pattern of imported dengue cases in Korea and Japan. Therefore, there is a risk of an autochthonous dengue outbreak in Korea, as indicated by the recent outbreak in Japan in 2014.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Molecular and Haematological Analysis of Dengue Virus-3 Among Children in Lahore, Pakistan
    Muhammad Kashif, Muhammad Afzal, Basit Zeshan, Hasnain Javed, Salma Batool, Modasrah Mazhar
    Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular evolution of dengue virus types 1 and 4 in Korean travelers
    Eun-Ha Hwang, Green Kim, Hoyin Chung, Hanseul Oh, Jong-Hwan Park, Gyeung Haeng Hur, JungJoo Hong, Bon-Sang Koo
    Archives of Virology.2021; 166(4): 1103.     CrossRef
  • Aedes albopictus and Aedes flavopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) pre-imaginal abundance patterns are associated with different environmental factors along an altitudinal gradient
    Luis Fernando Chaves, Mariel D. Friberg
    Current Research in Insect Science.2021; 1: 100001.     CrossRef
  • Evolution, heterogeneity and global dispersal of cosmopolitan genotype of Dengue virus type 2
    Surya Pavan Yenamandra, Carmen Koo, Suzanna Chiang, Han Shi Jeri Lim, Zhen Yuan Yeo, Lee Ching Ng, Hapuarachchige Chanditha Hapuarachchi
    Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Temporal Trend ofAedes albopictusin Local Urban Parks of the Republic of Korea
    Myung-Jae Hwang, Jong-Hun Kim, Heung-Chul Kim, Myung Soon Kim, Terry A Klein, Juhwa Choi, Kisung Sim, Yeonseung Chung, Yadav Prasad Joshi, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Kristen Healy
    Journal of Medical Entomology.2020; 57(4): 1082.     CrossRef
  • A Two-Patch Mathematical Model for Temperature-Dependent Dengue Transmission Dynamics
    Jung Kim, Yongin Choi, James Kim, Sunmi Lee, Chang Lee
    Processes.2020; 8(7): 781.     CrossRef
  • Potential effects of climate change on dengue transmission dynamics in Korea
    Hyojung Lee, Jung Eun Kim, Sunmi Lee, Chang Hyeong Lee, Shamala Devi Sekaran
    PLOS ONE.2018; 13(6): e0199205.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Dengue Virus Burden and Serotypes Pattern in Faisalabad, 2016–2017
    Muhammad Yousaf, Kashaf Junaid, Muhammad Sarfaraz Iqbal, Imran Aslam, Sheraz Ahmad, Muhammad Aqeel, Usman Ali Ashfaq, Saba Khaliq, Muhammad Usman Ghani, Nayyar Waqar
    Future Virology.2018; 13(4): 245.     CrossRef
  • Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis with ELISA and Rapid Diagnostic Test among Residents in Gyodong-do, Inchon city, Korea: A Four-Year Follow-up
    Yeong Hoon Kim, Ji hoo Lee, Seong kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 247.     CrossRef
  • A Disease Around the Corner
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2016; 7(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • WITHDRAWN: A disease around the corner
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prospects for dengue vaccines for travelers
    Sl-Ki Lim, Yong Seok Lee, Suk Namkung, Jacqueline K Lim, In-Kyu Yoon
    Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research.2016; 5(2): 89.     CrossRef
Original Article
Study on the Behavior of Dengue Viruses during Outbreaks with Reference to Entomological and Laboratory Surveillance in the Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, and Tirunelveli Districts of Tamil Nadu, India
Parasuraman Basker, Karumana Gounder Kolandaswamy
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(3):143-158.   Published online June 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.05.001
  • 3,505 View
  • 30 Download
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study was carried out in order to understand the behavior of dengue viruses through the entomological and laboratory surveillance of outbreaks. The aim of the study was to provide additional research to support current knowledge of epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus and ultimately to use this information to forecast dengue as well as to justify intervention measures.
Methods
Data on the presence of Aedes larvae in human dwellings during the entomological surveillance in Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, and Tirunelveli dengue outbreaks were taken to compute indices, namely the House Index (HI), Container index (CI), and the Breteau Index (BI). Standard procedures were followed for nonstructural Protein 1 (NS1) and immunoglobulin M enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the confirmation of dengue. Serovar confirmation was made in the Kottayam field station of the Vector Control Research Center, Puducherry.
Results
Larval indices HI < 2–3% and BI < 20 contributed to halting the outbreak. Incubation of the dengue viruses in humans was detected at 15 days, NS1 was identified as a tool for the early diagnosis of dengue cases and its presence indicated the need to implement all available interventions. It was also discovered that it is helpful to search for hidden habitats of Aedes when dengue cases have not been reduced even after the sustainable management of the larval indices, HI < 5% and BI < 20. Based on the observed incidences of stopping dengue outbreaks, it was learnt that neighborhood areas of the outbreak villages, around 400 m, should have permissible larval indices < 5% HI and BI < 20. Heterogeneous serovars that led to dengue hemorrhagic fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) were identified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and reconfirmed in the field as DEN-1 and DEN-3 viruses and were circulating in Tirunelveli during the outbreak.
Conclusion
The behaviors of dengue viruses experienced in experimental, clinical, epidemiological, entomological, and laboratory surveillance did not deviate from observations in the field during dengue outbreaks in the Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, and Tirunelveli districts of Tamil Nadu, India.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A systematic review of published literature on mosquito control action thresholds across the world
    Vindhya S. Aryaprema, Madeline R. Steck, Steven T. Peper, Rui-de Xue, Whitney A. Qualls, Olaf Horstick
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(3): e0011173.     CrossRef
  • Application of Nanomaterials in the Field of New Energy Environment and Economic Benefit Analysis
    Shuai Xu, Haoying An, Jiahai Dai, Haichang Zhang
    Advances in Materials Science and Engineering.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • A study on stegomyia indices in dengue control: a fuzzy approach
    Sayani Adak, Soovoojeet Jana
    Soft Computing.2021; 25(1): 699.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiology and challenges of dengue surveillance in the WHO South-East Asia Region
    Tsheten Tsheten, Darren J Gray, Archie C A Clements, Kinley Wangdi
    Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medi.2021; 115(6): 583.     CrossRef
  • Assessing the interplay between dengue incidence and weather in Jakarta via a clustering integrated multiple regression model
    Muhammad Fakhruddin, Prama Setia Putra, Karunia Putra Wijaya, Ardhasena Sopaheluwakan, Ratna Satyaningsih, Kurnia Endah Komalasari, Mamenun, Sumiati, Sapto Wahyu Indratno, Nuning Nuraini, Thomas Götz, Edy Soewono
    Ecological Complexity.2019; 39: 100768.     CrossRef
  • Emergence of Dengue Virus 4 as the Predominant Serotype during the Outbreak of 2017 in South India
    P.Ferdinamarie Sharmila, K. Vanathy, Barathidasan Rajamani, Venkatesh Kaliaperumal, Rahul Dhodapkar
    Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2019; 37(3): 393.     CrossRef
Review Article
Travel-Associated Chikungunya Cases in South Korea during 2009–2010
Go Woon Cha, Jung Eun Cho, Eun Ju Lee, Young Ran Ju, Myung Guk Han, Chan Park, Young Eui Jeong
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(3):170-175.   Published online June 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.04.008
  • 3,652 View
  • 17 Download
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Chikungunya (CHIK) has been classified as a communicable disease group IV in South Korea since late 2010. Based on this, we investigated the extent of imported cases of CHIK in dengue-suspected individuals returning from dengue-endemic regions.
Methods
A total of 486 dengue-suspected serum samples were screened for CHIK by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Further RT-PCR-positive samples were used for the viral culture, and CHIK was subsequently confirmed by sequence analysis of the culture samples.
Results
Five out of 107 dengue-positive samples were found to be positive for CHIK and 15 out of 379 dengue-negative samples were found to be positive for CHIK by immunoglobulin M ELISA. Further, a CHIK virus was isolated from one of the two RT-PCR-positive sera by cell culture and confirmed by sequence analysis.
Conclusion
The present study documents the first evidence of travel-associated CHIK infection in South Korea. Considering the intense international traffic between countries, our finding emphasizes the urgent need for active patient and vector surveillance for timely response to reduce the introduction of CHIK in Korea.

Citations

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  • Global prevalence of dengue and chikungunya coinfection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43,341 participants
    Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola, E.A. R Engku Nur Syafirah, Md Asiful Islam, Rafidah Hanim Shueb
    Acta Tropica.2022; 231: 106408.     CrossRef
  • Current Status and a Perspective of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Republic of Korea
    Jae Hyoung Im, Tong-Soo Kim, Moon-Hyun Chung, Ji Hyeon Baek, Hea Yoon Kwon, Jin-Soo Lee
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2021; 21(2): 69.     CrossRef
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    Angela Cadavid Restrepo, Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Helen Mayfield, Eric Nilles, Colleen L Lau
    BMJ Open.2021; 11(8): e046206.     CrossRef
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    Woo-Chang Chung, Kwang Yeon Hwang, Suk-Jo Kang, Jae-Ouk Kim, Moon Jung Song
    Journal of Microbiology.2020; 58(1): 46.     CrossRef
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    BMC Infectious Diseases.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    The Korean Journal of Medicine.2016; 90(3): 262.     CrossRef
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    Alessandra Lo Presti, Eleonora Cella, Silvia Angeletti, Massimo Ciccozzi
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2016; 41: 270.     CrossRef
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    Jeong-Hwan Hwang, Chang-Seop Lee
    Infection & Chemotherapy.2015; 47(1): 55.     CrossRef
  • Zika virus in Brazil and the danger of infestation by Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes
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Article
Study on the Correlation of Premises Condition Index and the Presence of Larvae of Aedes Species Mosquitoes in Human Dwellings of the Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu, India
Parasuraman Basker, Radhakrishnan Ezhil
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2012;3(1):3-7.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.046
  • 3,219 View
  • 19 Download
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Conclusions It is concluded that this study helps in conducting rapid survey to identify the presence of Aedes larvae with a minimum number of staff for both inspection and treatment of Aedes larvae during the epidemic situation. Objectives To predict dwellings for the presence of Aedes larvae rapidly based on Premises Condition Index (PCI) factors, we studied the possible presence of Aedes species mosquitoes larvae among houses in the Chidambaram urban of Cuddalore District in Tamil Nadu, India based on the scores of variables in PCI, namely House, Yard and degree of shadow. Data of these variables were collected in September and October 2006 from 1813 houses in the Chidambaram urban area during the intensive vector control activities employed for the prevention and control of Chikungunya.
Methods
The association between presence of larvae and the variables of PCI was tested by Chi-square and Correlation. The predictability of the presence of Aedes larvae based on PCI factors was computed by logistic regression.
Results
The study shows 301 containers in 132 houses were found positive with Aedes species out of 1813 houses surveyed. It was further observed that the probability of presence of positive premises was four times higher in the premises with 75% shadow compared with premises with a 25% shadow. These findings showed a significant association (p < 0.001) with positive premises.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Source reduction with a purpose: Mosquito ecology and community perspectives offer insights for improving household mosquito management in coastal Kenya
    Jenna E. Forsyth, Francis M. Mutuku, Lydiah Kibe, Luti Mwashee, Joyce Bongo, Chika Egemba, Nicole M. Ardoin, A. Desiree LaBeaud, Roberto Barrera
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(5): e0008239.     CrossRef
  • Ability of the Premise Condition Index to Identify Premises with Adult and Immature Aedes Mosquitoes in Kampong Cham, Cambodia
    John Hustedt, Dyna Doum, Vanney Keo, Sokha Ly, BunLeng Sam, Vibol Chan, Sebastien Boyer, Marco Liverani, Neal Alexander, John Bradley, Didot Budi Prasetyo, Agus Rachmat, Sergio Lopes, Rithea Leang, Jeffrey Hii
    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hyg.2020; 102(6): 1432.     CrossRef
  • Pitch and Flat Roof Factors’ Association with Spatiotemporal Patterns of Dengue Disease Analysed Using Pan-Sharpened Worldview 2 Imagery
    Fedri Rinawan, Ryutaro Tateishi, Ardini Raksanagara, Dwi Agustian, Bayan Alsaaideh, Yessika Natalia, Ahyani Raksanagara
    ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information.2015; 4(4): 2586.     CrossRef
  • Study on Entomological Surveillance and its Significance during a Dengue Outbreak in the District of Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu, India
    Parasuraman Basker, Pichai Kannan, Rajagopal Thirugnanasambandam Porkaipandian, Sivsankaran Saravanan, Subramaniam Sridharan, Mahaligam Kadhiresan
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(3): 152.     CrossRef
  • The Risk ofAedes aegyptiBreeding and Premises Condition in South Mexico
    Pablo Manrique-Saide, Clive R Davies, Paul G Coleman, Azael Che-Mendoza, Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla, Mario Barrera-Pérez, Silvia Hernández-Betancourt, Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera, Miguel Pinkus-Rendón, Pierre Burciaga-Zúñiga, Gustavo Sánchez Tejeda, Juan I Arred
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Original Article
Identification of Dengue Type 1 Virus (DENV-1) in Koreans Traveling Abroad
Young Eui Jeong, Yeon Hee Kim, Jung Eun Cho, Myung Guk Han, Young Ran Ju
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(1):34-40.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.04.002
  • 3,645 View
  • 19 Download
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
To date, no indigenous dengue virus (DENV) transmissions have been reported in Korea. However, imported dengue infections have been diagnosed in travelers returning from endemic areas. This study presents the first virological evidence of travel-associated DENV importation into South Korea.
Methods
From January 2004 to June 2006, a total of 278 serum samples from 245 patients with suspected dengue fever were tested using the Panbio Dengue Duo IgM/IgG Rapid Strip Test. We selected 11 of the early symptomatic-phase sera that were negative for IgM and retrospectively studied them by virus isolation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
Results
All 11 serum samples were found to be DENV positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and viruses were successfully isolated from seven of the 11 serum samples. All the isolates were identified as DENV serotype-1.
Conclusion
We successfully isolated seven DENV serotype-1 strains for the first time in South Korea from imported infections. Considering that the vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus, already exists in South Korea, we propose that a vector surveillance program for dengue is urgently needed.

Citations

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  • Genotypic persistence of dengue virus in the Philippines
    Ma. Jowina Galarion, Brian Schwem, Coleen Pangilinan, Angelo dela Tonga, Joy Ann Petronio-Santos, Erlinda delos Reyes, Raul Destura
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    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Disease Around the Corner
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2016; 7(1): 1.     CrossRef
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  • Travel-Associated Chikungunya Cases in South Korea during 2009–2010
    Go Woon Cha, Jung Eun Cho, Eun Ju Lee, Young Ran Ju, Myung Guk Han, Chan Park, Young Eui Jeong
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Review Article
The Effect of Global Warming on Infectious Diseases
Ichiro Kurane
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2010;1(1):4-9.   Published online December 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2010.12.004
  • 4,257 View
  • 40 Download
  • 70 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Global warming has various effects on human health. The main indirect effects are on infectious diseases. Although the effects on infectious diseases will be detected worldwide, the degree and types of the effect are different, depending on the location of the respective countries and socioeconomical situations.Among infectious diseases, water- and foodborne infectious diseases and vector-borne infectious diseases are two main categories that are forecasted to be most affected. The effect on vector-borne infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever is mainly because of the expansion of the infested areas of vector mosquitoes and increase in the number and feeding activity of infected mosquitoes. There will be increase in the number of cases with water- and foodborne diarrhoeal diseases.Even with the strongest mitigation procedures, global warming cannot be avoided for decades. Therefore, implementation of adaptation measures to the effect of global warming is the most practical action we can take. It is generally accepted that the impacts of global warming on infectious diseases have not been apparent at this point yet in East Asia. However, these impacts will appear in one form or another if global warming continues to progress in future. Further research on the impacts of global warming on infectious diseases and on future prospects should be conducted.

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