Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Original Articles

Surveillance of Bacillus cereus Isolates in Korea from 2012 to 2014: Su-Mi Jung, Nan-Ok Kim, Injun Cha, Hae-young Na, Gyung Tae Chung, Hyo Sun Kawk, Sahyun Hong; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(1):71-77. Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.1.10

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Objectives

To investigate the prevalence and toxin production characteristics of non-emetic and emetic Bacillus cereus strains isolated via the laboratory surveillance system in Korea.

Methods

A total of 667 B. cereus strains were collected by the Korea National Research Institute of Health laboratory surveillance system from 2012 to 2014. The collected strains were analyzed by geographical region, season, patient age, and patient sex. Additionally, the prevalence rates of enterotoxin and emetic toxin genes were evaluated.

Results

The isolation rate of B. cereus strains increased during the summer, but the isolation rate was evenly distributed among patient age groups. Emetic toxin was produced by 20.2% of the isolated strains. The prevalence rates of five enterotoxin genes (entFM, nheA, cytK2, hblC, and bceT) were 85.0, 78.6, 44.5, 36.6, and 29.7%, respectively, among non-emetic strains and 77.8, 59.3, 17.8, 11.9 and 12.6%, respectively, among emetic strains. Thus, the prevalence rates of all five enterotoxin genes were lower in emetic B. cereus.

Conclusion

The prevalence of enterotoxin genes differed between non-emetic and emetic B. cereus strains. Among emetic B. cereus strains, the prevalence rates of two enterotoxin genes (cytK2 and hblC) were lower than those among the non-emetic strains. In both the emetic and non-emetic strains isolated in Korea, nheA and entFM were the most prevalent enterotoxin genes.

Citations

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Toxigenic diversity of Bacillus cereus isolated from fresh produce and effects of various factors on the growth and the cytotoxicity of B. cereus
Areum Han, Jae-Hyun Yoon, Yun-Sun Choi, Yujin Bong, Gyusuck Jung, Sung-Kwon Moon, Sun-Young Lee
Food Science and Biotechnology.2024; 33(1): 219. CrossRef
Bacillus cereus containing nheA, hblC and cytk enterotoxin genes is associated with acute childhood gastroenteritis in Nigeria
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Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2024; 51: 100666. CrossRef
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Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in an Iranian Referral Children's Hospital: Farah Sabouni, Shima Mahmoudi, Abbas Bahador, Babak Pourakbari, Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi, Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani, Bahram Nikmanesh, Setareh Mamishi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(2):96-100. Published online April 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.03.002

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The clinical importance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is attributed to notable virulence factors, surface proteins, toxins, and enzymes as well as the rapid development of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of virulence factors produced by S. aureus strains isolated from children in an Iranian referral children's hospital.
Methods
The presence of genes encoding for the enterotoxins A (sea), B (seb), C (sec), D (sed), TSST-1 (tsst), exfoliative toxin A (eta), and exfoliative toxin B (etb) were detected by Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. In addition, the standardized Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method was performed on Mueller-Hinton agar.
Results
In total, 133 S. aureus isolates were obtained from different patients. Of these S. aureus isolates, 64 (48%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and all of these tested positive for the mecA gene. Regarding the classical enterotoxin genes, sea gene (40.6%) was the most prevalent followed by seb (19.6%), tsst (12.8%), eta (11.3%), etb (9%), sed (4.5%), and sec (3%). Among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, seb and tsst were the more prevalent toxins in comparison with MRSA isolates (p < 0.05), while the frequency of sea, sed, eta, and etb genes were higher among MRSA isolates (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
In our study enterotoxin A was produced by 40.6% of the isolates (48% from MRSA and 33% from MSSA isolates) which was higher than in previous reports. According to our results, strict hygiene and preventative measures during food processing are highly recommended.

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