Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Original Articles

Neck circumference and incidence of cerebrovascular disease over 12 years among Korean adults: Jae-Seon Han, Yun-Hee Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(1):71-79. Published online February 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0277

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Objectives
Neck circumference is associated with a distinctive fat storage process that confers additional metabolic risk. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between baseline neck circumference and the incidence of cerebrovascular disease using a prospective community-based sample of Korean adults over 12 years of follow-up, after controlling for selected covariates. Methods: Participants with non-cerebrovascular disease were divided into 4 groups (Q1–Q4) based on their baseline neck circumference. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the relationship between neck circumference and cerebrovascular disease incidence over a 12-year period. Results: Among this study’s 3,662 participants, 128 (3.50%) developed cerebrovascular disease. The incidence of cerebrovascular disease increased from 2.2% in Q1 to 4.3% in Q2, 2.5% in Q3, and 5.0% in Q4. When compared to Q1, the relative risks of cerebrovascular disease development were 0.57 (95% CI, 0.25–1.31), 0.86 (95% CI, 0.38–1.96), and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.30–2.07) in man and 1.86 (95% CI, 0.66–5.20), 3.50 (95% CI, 1.25–9.86), and 4.71 (95% CI, 1.50–14.77) in woman in Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively, after adjusting for most risk factors related to cerebrovascular disease. Conclusion: The relationship between neck circumference and cerebrovascular disease was stronger in woman than in man, indicating potential differences between the sexes. These results are meaningful for evaluating and surveilling neck circumference as a promising tool for identifying subgroups of vulnerable and at-risk populations.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Neck circumference as a predictor of all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older adults in rural Ecuador
Oscar H Del Brutto, Denisse A Rumbea, Maitri Patel, Robertino M Mera
International Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Adult obesity diagnostic tool: A narrative review
Xiaolong Liu, Mengxiao He, Yi Li
Medicine.2024; 103(17): e37946. CrossRef
The association between physical activity and neck circumference with cardiovascular disease risk in older wheelchair users
Jeonghyeon Kim, Inhwan Lee, Hyunsik Kang
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 56: jrm35279. CrossRef
The association of Carbohydrate Quality Index with cardiovascular disease risk factors among women with overweight and obesity: A cross-sectional study
Darya Khosravinia, Farideh Shiraseb, Atieh Mirzababaei, Elnaz Daneshzad, Shahin Jamili, Cain C. T. Clark, Khadijeh Mirzaei
Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Behavioral interventions for smoking cessation among adolescents: a rapid review and meta-analysis for the Korea Preventive Services Task Force: Younglee Choi, Cheol Min Lee, Belong Cho, Eon Sook Lee, Seung-Won Oh, Naae Lee, Jae Moon Yun; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(3):177-186. Published online June 2, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0018

10,544 View
178 Download
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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral smoking cessation interventions among adolescents.
Methods
MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed, and KMbase were searched from inception to June 2020. Systematic reviews (SRs) or meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were initially searched to perform a rapid SR. After selecting the final SR, RCTs after the publication year of the selected SR were searched. The primary outcome was smoking status after at least 6 months of follow-up, and the secondary outcome was smoking status at 4 weeks. Two reviewers independently assessed the selected studies’ quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The meta-analysis utilized a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model reporting the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The subgroup analysis utilized Cochrane’s Q.
Results
Thirty-two RCTs (11,637 participants) from a single SR were meta-analyzed. After 6 months of follow-up, the intervention group had significantly higher abstinence rates (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20−1.41; I2=26.46%). At 4 weeks of follow-up, the intervention group also had significantly higher abstinence rates (RR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.49–2.47; I2=0.00%). The subgroup analysis indicated a significant difference in the abstinence rate according to the study setting and the period between intervention completion and follow-up.
Conclusion
This review showed that adolescent behavioral smoking cessation intervention programs significantly increased abstinence rates compared to the usual care.

Citations

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Effectiveness of Healthcare Interventions on Smoking Cessation in Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review
Janhvi Thakur, Sonali G Choudhari
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Non-combustible nicotine product cessation interventions in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review
Sofie K. Bergman Rasmussen, Charlotta Pisinger
Tobacco Use Insights.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Tao Nian, Kangle Guo, Wendi Liu, Xinxin Deng, Xiaoye Hu, Meng Xu, Fenfen E, Ziyi Wang, Guihang Song, Kehu Yang, Xiuxia Li, Wenru Shang
BMC Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Behavioral Interventions for Smoking Cessation in Adolescents: Korea Preventive Services Task Force Guidance
Younglee Choi, Cheol Min Lee, Jae Moon Yun, Eon Sook Lee, Seung-Won Oh, Naae Lee, Belong Cho
Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nico.2021; 12(1): 1. CrossRef
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Eon Sook Lee
Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nico.2021; 12(1): 34. CrossRef

Management of Sodium-reduced Meals at Worksite Cafeterias: Perceptions, Practices, Barriers, and Needs among Food Service Personnel: Jounghee Lee, Sohyun Park; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(2):119-126. Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.12.011

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The sodium content of meals provided at worksite cafeterias is greater than the sodium content of restaurant meals and home meals. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships between sodium-reduction practices, barriers, and perceptions among food service personnel.
Methods
We implemented a cross-sectional study by collecting data on perceptions, practices, barriers, and needs regarding sodium-reduced meals at 17 worksite cafeterias in South Korea. We implemented Chi-square tests and analysis of variance for statistical analysis. For post hoc testing, we used Bonferroni tests; when variances were unequal, we used Dunnett T3 tests.
Results
This study involved 104 individuals employed at the worksite cafeterias, comprised of 35 men and 69 women. Most of the participants had relatively high levels of perception regarding the importance of sodium reduction (very important, 51.0%; moderately important, 27.9%). Sodium reduction practices were higher, but perceived barriers appeared to be lower in participants with high-level perception of sodium-reduced meal provision. The results of the needs assessment revealed that the participants wanted to have more active education programs targeting the general population. The biggest barriers to providing sodium-reduced meals were use of processed foods and limited methods of sodium-reduced cooking in worksite cafeterias.
Conclusion
To make the provision of sodium-reduced meals at worksite cafeterias more successful and sustainable, we suggest implementing more active education programs targeting the general population, developing sodium-reduced cooking methods, and developing sodium-reduced processed foods.

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Barriers and facilitators to implementation of healthy food and drink policies in public sector workplaces: a systematic literature review
Magda Rosin, Sally Mackay, Sarah Gerritsen, Lisa Te Morenga, Gareth Terry, Cliona Ni Mhurchu
Nutrition Reviews.2024; 82(4): 503. CrossRef
Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to dietary salt intake and the acceptability of salt substitute among the Australian culturally and linguistically diverse community: An online survey
Jie Yu, Lauren Houston, Chris Gianacas, Vivian Lee, Robert A. Fletcher, Angela Xun‐Nan Chen, Clare Arnott
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2024; 26(5): 543. CrossRef
Sodium content changes between 2015 and 2019 in restaurant menu items selected for sodium reduction in Daegu
Jian Ma, Yeon-Kyung Lee
Nutrition Research and Practice.2022; 16(4): 537. CrossRef
Barriers, Enablers, and Perceptions on Dietary Salt Reduction in the Out-of-Home Sectors: A Scoping Review
Viola Michael, Yee Xing You, Suzana Shahar, Zahara Abdul Manaf, Hasnah Haron, Siti Nurbaya Shahrir, Hazreen Abdul Majid, Yook Chin Chia, Mhairi Karen Brown, Feng J. He, Graham A. MacGregor
International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(15): 8099. CrossRef
The Science of Salt: A focused review on salt‐related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, and gender differences
Briar McKenzie, Joseph Alvin Santos, Kathy Trieu, Sudhir Raj Thout, Claire Johnson, JoAnne Arcand, Jacqui Webster, Rachael McLean
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2018; 20(5): 850. CrossRef
The Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of the implementation of salt reduction interventions (March–August 2016)
Joseph Alvin Santos, Kathy Trieu, Thout Sudhir Raj, JoAnne Arcand, Claire Johnson, Jacqui Webster, Rachael McLean
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2017; 19(4): 439. CrossRef

Dental Procedures, Oral Practices, and Associated Anxiety: A Study on Late-teenagers: Rahul Bhola, Reema Malhotra; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(4):219-232. Published online August 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.06.007

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18 Download
13 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives
The study aims to determine the degree of anxiety pertaining to dental procedures and various oral hygiene practices among college teenagers.
Methods
Corah's Modified Dental Anxiety Scale was administered on a randomly chosen sample of 100 Indian college students (50 males and 50 females) of Delhi University, belonging to the age group of 17–20 years.
Results
Descriptive statistical computations revealed 12.14 years as the mean age of first dental visit, with moderately high levels of anxiety (60.75%) for various dental procedures among the Indian teenagers and 5% lying in the “phobic or extremely anxious” category. With merely 4.16% people going for regular consultations, general check-ups evoked 78.3% anxiety and having an injection or a tooth removed was perceived as the most threatening. The sample subgroup not using mouthwash and mouthspray, smokers, and alcohol drinkers with improper oral hygiene practices experienced much higher anxiety towards routine dental procedures.
Conclusion
The majority of the Indian youngsters had an evasive attitude of delaying dental treatment. The core problems lay in deficient health care knowledge, lack of patient-sensitive pedagogy to train dental professionals, inaccessibility of services, and a dismissive attitude towards medical help. The feelings of fear and anxiety prevalent among the Indian youth offer significant insights into causes and preventive measures for future research and practice. Methods of education and motivation could be developed to dissipate the anxiety amongst Indian teenagers that prevent routine dental visits and maintenance of adequate oral hygiene.

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Hira Abbasi, Muhammad Saqib, Rizwan Jouhar, Abhishek Lal, Naseer Ahmed, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Jes s L pez Herce
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