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Original Articles
Novel prophylactic and therapeutic multi-epitope vaccine based on Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an immunoinformatics approach
Muhammad Fikri Nugraha, Daniel Alexander Changestu, Rizky Ramadhan, Tasya Salsabila, Arsila Nurizati, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Ysrafil Ysrafil
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(4):286-306.   Published online July 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0026
  • 1,459 View
  • 76 Download
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Current tuberculosis (TB) control strategies face limitations, such as low antibiotic treatment compliance and a rise in multidrug resistance. Furthermore, the lack of a safe and effective vaccine compounds these challenges. The limited efficacy of existing vaccines against TB underscores the urgency for innovative strategies, such as immunoinformatics. Consequently, this study aimed to design a targeted multi-epitope vaccine against TB infection utilizing an immunoinformatics approach.
Methods
The multi-epitope vaccine targeted Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins. The design adopted various immunoinformatics tools for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T lymphocyte (HTL), and linear B lymphocyte (LBL) epitope prediction, the assessment of vaccine characteristics, structure modeling, population coverage analysis, disulfide engineering, solubility prediction, molecular docking/dynamics with toll-like receptors (TLRs), codon optimization/cloning, and immune simulation.
Results
The multi-epitope vaccine, which was assembled using 12 CTL, 25 HTL, and 21 LBL epitopes associated with CpG adjuvants, showed promising characteristics. The immunoinformatics analysis confirmed the antigenicity, immunogenicity, and lack of allergenicity. Physicochemical evaluations indicated that the proteins were stable, thermostable, hydrophilic, and highly soluble. Docking simulations suggested high-affinity binding to TLRs, including TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9. In silico immune simulation predicted strong T cell (cytokine release) and B cell (immunoglobulin release) responses.
Conclusion
This immunoinformatics-designed multi-epitope vaccine targeting Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins showed promising characteristics in terms of stability, immunogenicity, antigenicity, solubility, and predicted induction of humoral and adaptive immune responses. This suggests its potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine against TB.
A Mycobacterium bovis outbreak among exhibition animals at a zoo in the Republic of Korea: the first contact investigation of zoonotic tuberculosis
Hye Young Lee, Yunhyung Kwon, Sang-Eun Lee, Jieun Kim, Hoyong Choi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(3):248-259.   Published online May 17, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0228
  • 1,850 View
  • 60 Download
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Between July 2, 2021, and September 20, 2022, a Mycobacterium bovis outbreak occurred among exhibition animals at a zoo in the Republic of Korea. This study was conducted to assess the likelihood of M. bovis transmission to human contacts through a contact investigation and to implement preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Methods: In this descriptive study, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency conducted a contact investigation, which included interviews, interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) tests, and chest X-rays. Contacts underwent IGRA testing on 2 occasions: initial testing of 29 contacts (15 in the first cluster of infection and 14 in the second cluster) and follow-up testing of the 15 contacts in the first cluster. Results: The study included 29 participants, 18 of whom were male (62.1%) and 11 female (37.9%). The mean participant age was 37.3 years (standard deviation, 9.6 years). In the initial IGRA tests, 6 of the 29 participants tested positive, indicating a prevalence of 20.7%. Following prolonged exposure, 1 additional positive case was detected in follow-up testing, raising the prevalence of LTBI to 24.1%. None of the contacts had active tuberculosis. Among the 7 individuals with positive results, 2 (28.6%) underwent treatment for LTBI. Conclusion: This study faced challenges in confirming the transmission of M. bovis infection from infected animals to humans in the Republic of Korea. Nevertheless, adopting a One Health approach necessitates the implementation of surveillance systems and infection control protocols, particularly for occupational groups at high risk of exposure.
Drug resistance and the genotypic characteristics of rpoB and katG in rifampicin- and/or isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in central Vietnam
Thi Binh Nguyen Nguyen, Thi Kieu Diem Nguyen, Van Hue Trương, Thi Tuyet Ngoc Tran, van Bao Thang Phan, Thi Tuyen Nguyen, Hoang Bach Nguyen, Viet Quynh Tram Ngo, Van Tuan Mai, Paola Molicotti
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(5):347-355.   Published online October 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0124
  • 1,987 View
  • 107 Download
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) are national health burdens in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of rifampicin (RIF) and/or isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) resistance in patients with suspected TB, and applied appropriate techniques to help rapidly target DR-TB. Methods: In total, 1,547 clinical specimens were collected and cultured using the BACTEC MGIT system (Becton Dickinson and Co.). A resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) was used to determine the proportions of RIF and/or INH resistance. A real-time polymerase chain reaction panel with TaqMan probes was employed to identify the mutations of rpoB and katG associated with DR-TB in clinical isolates. Genotyping of the identified mutations was also performed. Results: A total of 468 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were identified using the REMA. Of these isolates, 106 (22.6%) were found to be resistant to 1 or both antibiotics. Of the resistant isolates, 74 isolates (69.8%) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) only, while 1 isolate (0.94%) was resistant to RIF only. Notably, 31 isolates (29.24%) were resistant to both antibiotics. Of the 41 phenotypically INH-resistant isolates, 19 (46.3%) had the Ser315Thr mutation. There were 8 different rpoB mutations in 22 (68.8%) of the RIF-resistant isolates. The most frequently detected mutations were at codons 531 (37.5%), 526 (18.8%), and 516 (6.3%). Conclusion: To help prevent new cases of DR-TB in Vietnam, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the genotypic DR-TB isolates.
Brief Report
A low risk of nosocomial transmission of subclinical tuberculosis to neonates in a postpartum care center under COVID-19 control measures
In Kyoung Kim, So Jung Kim, Kyoung Hee Bae, Mi Young Kim, Ji Eun Oh, Mi Gyeong Lee, Young Ae Kang, Jin Su Song
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(6):448-452.   Published online December 16, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0235
  • 3,150 View
  • 105 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
We report the results of investigating and managing a tuberculosis (TB) exposure in apostpartum care center. Among the contacts exposed to a nursing assistant with subclinical TB,5 of 44 neonates (11.4%) had positive tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) at 3 months of age, and all theTST-positive neonates received the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination. Seven of 28 healthcareworkers (25.0%) and 1 of 3 household contacts (33.3%) were positive in the initial or repeatedinterferon-gamma release assay. None of the contacts developed TB disease during the studyperiod. Annual TB examinations of healthcare personnel at a postpartum care center under theTuberculosis Prevention Act in South Korea enabled the early detection of subclinical TB, whichreduced the risk of transmission to neonates under strict coronavirus disease 2019 preventionmeasures.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Predictors of positive tuberculin skin test in neonates exposed to pulmonary tuberculosis
    Yun Choi, In Kyoung Kim, So Jung Kim, Hye Sung Kim, Young Ae Kang, Jin Su Song, Novel Njweipi Chegou
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0303050.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Delays in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Republic of Korea in 2020
Jiyeon Yang, Yunhyung Kwon, Jaetae Kim, Yoojin Jang, Jiyeon Han, Daae Kim, Hyeran Jeong, Hyekyung Park, Eunhye Shim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(5):293-303.   Published online September 23, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0063
  • 8,547 View
  • 208 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
We investigated the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) management in the Republic of Korea (ROK).
Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study used nationwide ROK TB notification data (98,346 cases) from 2017 to 2020. The median time from the onset of TB symptoms to treatment initiation and the compliance rates with the required timing for notification and individual case investigations were measured and compared across periods and regions affected by the COVID-19 epidemic.
Results
TB diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic was delayed. The median time to TB treatment initiation (25 days) in 2020 increased by 3 days compared to that of the previous 3 years (22 days) (p<0.0001). In the outbreak in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi province during August, the time to TB diagnosis was 4 days longer than in the previous 3 years (p=0.0303). In the outbreak in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province from February to March 2020, the compliance rate with the required timing for individual case investigations was 2.2%p points lower than in other areas in 2020 (p=0.0148). For public health centers, the rate was 13%p lower than in other areas (80.3% vs. 93.3%, p=0.0003).
Conclusion
TB diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in the ROK were delayed nationwide, especially for patients notified by public-private mix TB control hospitals. TB individual case investigations were delayed in regional COVID-19 outbreak areas (Daegu and Gyeongbuk province), especially in public health centers. Developing strategies to address this issue will be helpful for sustainable TB management during future outbreaks.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A Review of the Impact of Patent Medicine Vendors in Driving Community Tuberculosis Case Finding in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria
    Arinze Emmanuel Ajogwu, Onwubiko Iheanyichukwu Samuel, Nnanyelugo Longinus Ochike, Uzoma Chidinma Ajegbo, Chinedu Paschal Maduka
    Matrix Science Medica.2024; 8(2): 33.     CrossRef
  • Tuberculosis: Republic of Korea, 2021
    Jinsoo Min, Hyung Woo Kim, Ju Sang Kim
    Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2023; 86(1): 67.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among patients with tuberculosis in South Korea from 2011 to 2018: a nationwide cohort study
    Dawoon Jeong, Jeongha Mok, Doosoo Jeon, Hee-Yeon Kang, Hee Jin Kim, Hee-Sun Kim, Jeong Mi Seo, Hongjo Choi, Young Ae Kang
    BMJ Open.2023; 13(3): e069642.     CrossRef
  • Increased Healthcare Delays in Tuberculosis Patients During the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
    Jinsoo Min, Yousang Ko, Hyung Woo Kim, Hyeon-Kyoung Koo, Jee Youn Oh, Yun-Jeong Jeong, Hyeon Hui Kang, Kwang Joo Park, Yong Il Hwang, Jin Woo Kim, Joong Hyun Ahn, Yangjin Jegal, Ji Young Kang, Sung-Soon Lee, Jae Seuk Park, Ju Sang Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Time trend prediction and spatial–temporal analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Guizhou Province, China, during 2014–2020
    Wang Yun, Chen Huijuan, Liao Long, Lu Xiaolong, Zhang Aihua
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Real-world association of adherence with outcomes and economic burden in patients with tuberculosis from South Korea claims data
    Sun-Hong Kwon, Jin Hyun Nam, Hye-Lin Kim, Hae-Young Park, Jin-Won Kwon
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Case Notification and Treatment Outcomes in Eswatini
    Hloniphile Victory Masina, I-Feng Lin, Li-Yin Chien
    International Journal of Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trends in incidences of newly notified tuberculosis in Jeju Province, Korea, 2017-2021
    Jinhee Kim, Nam-Hun Kang, Jong-Myon Bae
    Journal of Medicine and Life Science.2022; 19(3): 103.     CrossRef
Army Soldiers’ Knowledge of, Attitude Towards, and Preventive Behavior Towards Tuberculosis in Korea
Yun Choi, Geum Hee Jeong
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(5):269-277.   Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.5.09
  • 7,117 View
  • 160 Download
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

The aim of this study was to gather information about Korean Army soldiers’ attitude towards tuberculosis to enable the development of an informed educational program and potential intervention plans.

Methods

There were 500 male soldiers serving in the Korean Army who responded to questionnaires regarding knowledge of, attitudes towards, and preventive behavior towards tuberculosis. The questionnaires were collected between September 10 until October 1, 2014. Participants’ characteristic that influenced differences in knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behavior towards tuberculosis were compared by t test. Variables that influenced preventive behavior were identified by multiple regression analysis.

Results

The mean scores assessing knowledge of, attitude, and preventive behavior towards tuberculosis were 11.64 (± 4.03) out of 20 points, 3.21 (± 0.38) out of 4 points, and 2.88 (± 0.42) out of 4 points, respectively. Non-smokers were more knowledgeable about tuberculosis than smokers. Participants who had family or friends with tuberculosis had better knowledge and a more productive attitude to tuberculosis. Participants who were educated or obtained information about tuberculosis, received better scores in all areas of knowledge, attitude and preventive behavior compared to other participants. Non-smoking, family or friends who have had tuberculosis, obtaining information about tuberculosis, and positive attitudes towards treatment and preventive education had an explanatory power of 24.6% with regard to preventive behavior against tuberculosis.

Conclusion

More relatable, systemized education should be provided regularly to improve soldiers’ knowledge of, attitudes towards, and prevention against tuberculosis in the Republic of Korea Army.

Citations

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  • Tingkat Pengetahuan Keluarga Tinggal Serumah Tentang Pencegahan Penularan Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru
    Komang Yuliani, I Dewa Agung Ketut Sudarsana
    Journal Nursing Research Publication Media (NURSEP.2023; 2(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventative Behavior Toward Tuberculosis in University Students in Indonesia
    Irma Melyani Puspitasari, Rano Kurnia Sinuraya, Arini Nurhaqiqi Aminudin, Rika Rahmi Kamilah
    Infection and Drug Resistance.2022; Volume 15: 4721.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Health Literacy and Preventive Behaviors of Soldiers
    Javad Azimzadeh, Maryam Nezamzadeh, Fatemeh Kalroozi, Seyyed Amir Hossein Pishgooie
    Military Caring Sciences.2021; 8(2): 109.     CrossRef
  • Factors Affecting Preventive Behavior related to Tuberculosis among University Students in Korea: Focused on Knowledge, Attitude and Optimistic Bias related to Tuberculosis
    Myung Soon Kwon, Yun Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursi.2020; 27(3): 236.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice on tuberculosis among teacher trainees of Samtse College of Education, Bhutan
    Thinley Dorji, Tandin Tshering, Kinley Wangdi, Ritesh G. Menezes
    PLOS ONE.2020; 15(11): e0241923.     CrossRef
  • The Infectivity of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Korean Army Units: Evidence from Outbreak Investigations
    Chang-gyo Yoon, Dong Yoon Kang, Jaehun Jung, Soo Yon Oh, Jin Beom Lee, Mi-Hyun Kim, Younsuk Seo, Hee-Jin Kim
    Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2019; 82(4): 298.     CrossRef
Cost of Tuberculosis Treatment: Evidence from Iran’s Health System
Vahid Bay, Payam Tabarsi, Aziz Rezapour, Sima Marzban, Ehsan Zarei
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(5):351-357.   Published online October 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.5.09
  • 5,749 View
  • 43 Download
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

This study aimed to estimate the cost of smear-positive drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) treatment of the patients in the Azadshahr district, Golestan Province, Iran.

Methods

In this retrospective study, all new smear positive pulmonary TB patients who had been registered at the district’s health network between April, 2013 and December, 2015 and had successfully completed their treatment were entered into the study (45 patients). Treatment costs were estimated from the provider’s perspective using an activity-based costing (ABC) method.

Results

The cost of treating a new smear-positive pulmonary TB patient was US dollar (USD) 1,409.00 (Iranian Rial, 39,438,260), which can be divided into direct and indirect costs (USD 1,226.00 [87%] and USD 183.00 [13%], respectively). The highest cost (58.1%) was related to care and management of TB patients (including 46.1% human resources costs and 12% directly-observed treatment, short course implementation) and then respectively related to hospitalization (12.1%), supportive activity centers (11.4%), transportation (6.5%), medicines (5.3%), and laboratory tests and radiography (3.2%).

Conclusion

Using disease-specific cost studies can help the healthcare system management to have correct insight into the financial burden created by the disease. This can subsequently be used in prioritization, planning, operational budgeting, economic evaluation of programs, interventions, and ultimately in disease management.

Citations

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  • Changes in incidence and clinical features of tuberculosis with regard to the COVID-19 outbreak in Southern Iran
    Mohammad Javad Fallahi, Mohammad Nazemi, Ali Zeighami, Reza Shahriarirad
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Costs of services and funding gap of the Bangladesh National Tuberculosis Control Programme 2016–2022: An ingredient based approach
    Md. Zahid Hasan, Sayem Ahmed, Zeenat Islam, Farzana Dorin, Md. Golam Rabbani, Gazi Golam Mehdi, Mohammad Wahid Ahmed, Tazeen Tahsina, Shehrin Shaila Mahmood, Ziaul Islam, Kevin Schwartzman
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(6): e0286560.     CrossRef
  • Distribution incidence, mortality of tuberculosis and human development index in Iran: estimates from the global burden of disease study 2019
    Hossien Fallahzadeh, Zaher Khazaei, Moslem Lari Najafi, Sajjad Rahimi Pordanjani, Elham Goodarzi
    BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Spatio-temporal epidemiology of the tuberculosis incidence rate in Iran 2008 to 2018
    Behzad Kiani, Amene Raouf Rahmati, Robert Bergquist, Soheil Hashtarkhani, Neda Firouraghi, Nasser Bagheri, Elham Moghaddas, Alireza Mohammadi
    BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Healthcare utilization patterns and economic burden of animal bites
    Vahid Bay, Aziz Rezapour, Mehdi Jafari, Mohammad Reza Maleki, Irvan Masoudi Asl
    Journal of Acute Disease.2021; 10(4): 142.     CrossRef
  • An Analysis of the Survival Probability of Tuberculosis Patients with Right Censored and Interval Censored Observation in Zahedan during 2014 - 2016
    Mohammad Hossein Dehghan, Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi Shahri, Mojgan Salari
    Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Extent and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure for tuberculosis care in Chongqing municipality, China: a cross-sectional study
    Weixia Duan, Wen Zhang, Chengguo Wu, Qingya Wang, Ya Yu, Hui Lin, Ying Liu, Daiyu Hu
    BMJ Open.2019; 9(4): e026638.     CrossRef
  • Demographic, socio-economic and behavior as risk factors of tuberculosis in Malaysia: a systematic review of the literature
    Nur Adibah Mohidem, Zailina Hashim, Malina Osman, Rafiza Shaharudin, Farrah Melissa Muharam, Punitha Makeswaran
    Reviews on Environmental Health.2018; 33(4): 407.     CrossRef
Low Levels of Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis among Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Isolates and Their Relationship to Risk Factors: Surveillance in Tehran, Iran; 2006 to 2014
Alireza Hadizadeh Tasbiti, Shamsi Yari, Mostafa Ghanei, Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar, Abolfazl Fateh, Ahmadreza Bahrmand
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(2):116-123.   Published online April 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.03
  • 4,344 View
  • 31 Download
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is more expensive and difficult to treat than multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and outcomes for patients are much worse; therefore, it is important that clinicians understand the magnitude and distribution of XDR-TB. We conducted a retrospective study to compare the estimated incidence of and risk factors for M/XDR-TB with those of susceptible TB controls.

Methods

Sputum culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) were performed in patients with known or suspected TB. Strains that were identified as MDR were subjected to DST for second-line drugs using the proportion method.

Results

Among 1,442 TB patients (mean age, 46.48 ± 21.24 years) who were culture-positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 1,126 (78.1%) yielded isolates that were resistant to at least one first-line drug; there were 33 isolates (2.3%) of MDR-TB, of which three (0.2%) were classified as XDR-TB. Ofloxacin resistance was found in 10 (0.7%) isolates. Women were 15% more likely than men to yield M/XDR-TB isolates, but this difference was not significant. In a multivariate analysis comparing susceptible TB with X/MDR-TB, only one variable—the number of previous treatment regimens—was associated with MDR (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–21.2).

Conclusion

The burden of M/XDR-TB cases is not sizeable in Iran. Nonetheless, strategies must be implemented to identify and cure patients with pre-XDR-TB before they develop XDR-TB. Our results provide a greater understanding of the evolution and spread of M/XDR-TB in an environment where drug-resistant TB has a low incidence.

Citations

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  • Prevalence and Temporal Trends of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in Iran from 1981 to 2023: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Saman Ayoubi, Parissa Farnia, Poopak Farnia, Jalaledin Ghanavi, Ali Akbar Velayati
    The International Journal of Mycobacteriology.2024; 13(3): 320.     CrossRef
  • Global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Nader Salari, Amir Hossein Kanjoori, Amin Hosseinian-Far, Razie Hasheminezhad, Kamran Mansouri, Masoud Mohammadi
    Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Eastern Nigeria
    Ndubuisi O. Nwachukwu, Amara E. Ulasi, Christopher U. Okoronkwo, Valentine N. Unegbu
    Lung India.2023; 40(6): 492.     CrossRef
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE7 Enhances Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Manipulates Host Cell Cytokine Secretion Through Nuclear Factor Kappa B and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling
    Jing Suo, Xinyan Wang, Rongchuan Zhao, Pengjiao Ma, Liang Ge, Tao Luo
    Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research.2022; 42(10): 525.     CrossRef
  • The burden of pre-extensively and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among MDR-TB patients in the Amhara region, Ethiopia
    Agumas Shibabaw, Baye Gelaw, Wondwossen Gebreyes, Richard Robinson, Shu-Hua Wang, Belay Tessema, Shampa Anupurba
    PLOS ONE.2020; 15(2): e0229040.     CrossRef
  • Spoligotype and Drug Susceptibility Profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates in Golestan Province, North Iran


    Noormohamad Mansoori, Farzam Vaziri, Sirus Amini, Sharareh Khanipour, Shahin Pourazar Dizaji, Masoumeh Douraghi
    Infection and Drug Resistance.2020; Volume 13: 2073.     CrossRef
  • A comparative study of phenotypic and genotypic first- and second-line drug resistance testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Fatemeh Sakhaee, Morteza Ghazanfari, Nayereh Ebrahimzadeh, Farzam Vaziri, Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani, Mehdi Davari, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Fatemeh Hemati Mandjin, Abolfazl Fateh, Seyed Davar Siadat
    Biologicals.2017; 49: 33.     CrossRef
Tuberculosis Notification Completeness and Timeliness in the Republic of Korea During 2012–2014
Hae-Young Kang, Hyosoon Yoo, Wonseo Park, Unyeong Go, Eunkyeong Jeong, Ki-Suck Jung, Hyunjin Son
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(5):320-326.   Published online October 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.08.002
  • 4,779 View
  • 31 Download
  • 22 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Completeness and timeliness are key attributes of accurate disease surveillance. This study aimed to evaluate the completeness and timeliness of tuberculosis (TB) notification in the Republic of Korea, by comparing notification data from the Korean National Tuberculosis Surveillance System and reimbursement data from the National Health Insurance.
Methods
We evaluated reimbursement data from 103,075 cases (2012–2014) and surveillance data from 215,055 cases (2011–2015); cases were matched using Resident Registration Numbers. Completeness was evaluated using notifications that were reported within 365 days of the corresponding insurance claim. Timeliness was evaluated using the delay between starting TB treatment and the corresponding notification. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors that affected completeness (e.g., sex, age, institution type, and nationality).
Results
The completeness values were 90.0% in 2012 (33,094/36,775), 93.0% in 2013 (31,445/33,803), and 94.0% in 2014 (30,537/32,497). The rates of notification within 7 days of the corresponding claim were 81.6% in 2012 (27,323/33,489), 79.8% in 2013 (25,469/31,905), and 80.4% in 2014 (24,891/30,978). Increases over time were observed in the sex-, age-, institution type-, and nationality-specific analyses. Multivariate analyses revealed that completeness was affected by institution type [hospitals: odds ratio (OR) = 1.82, p < 0.001; general hospitals: OR = 4.18, p < 0.001] and nationality (native Korean status: OR = 1.48, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Notification completeness exhibited a 4.0% increase during 2012–2014 in Korea, and institution type and nationality significantly affected the completeness of TB notifications.

Citations

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  • Comparison of Patients Who Were Not Evaluated and Lost to Follow-Up with Multidrug/Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Korea
    Hongjo Choi, Jeongha Mok, Young Ae Kang, Dawoon Jeong, Hee-Yeon Kang, Hee Jin Kim, Hee-Sun Kim, Doosoo Jeon
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ji Yoon Baek, Sayada Zartasha Kazmi, Hyunmin Lee, Yerin Hwang, So Jin Park, Myung-Hee Shin, Jayoun Lee, Hongjo Choi, Aesun Shin
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative risk of serious infections and tuberculosis in Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with non-anti-TNF biologics or anti-TNF-α agents: a nationwide population-based cohort study
    Min Jee Kim, Ye-Jee Kim, Daehyun Jeong, Seonok Kim, Seokchan Hong, Sang Hyoung Park, Kyung-Wook Jo
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Nationwide Treatment Outcomes of Patients With Multidrug/Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Korea, 2011–2017: A Retrospective Cohort Study (Korean TB-POST)
    Hongjo Choi, Jeongha Mok, Young Ae Kang, Dawoon Jeong, Hee-Yeon Kang, Hee Jin Kim, Hee-Sun Kim, Doosoo Jeon
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hongjo Choi, Jeongha Mok, Young Ae Kang, Dawoon Jeong, Hee-Yeon Kang, Hee Jin Kim, Hee-Sun Kim, Doosoo Jeon
    ERJ Open Research.2023; 9(4): 00135-2023.     CrossRef
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    Dawoon Jeong, Hee-Yeon Kang, Jinsun Kim, Hyewon Lee, Bit-Na Yoo, Hee-Sun Kim, Hongjo Choi
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2022; 55(3): 253.     CrossRef
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    Hyung Woo Kim, Sohee Park, Jinsoo Min, Jiyu Sun, Ah Young Shin, Jick Hwan Ha, Jae Seuk Park, Sung-Soon Lee, Marc Lipman, Ibrahim Abubakar, Helen R. Stagg, Ju Sang Kim
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Rapid Detection of Rifampicin- and Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis using TaqMan Allelic Discrimination
Davood Darban-Sarokhalil, Mohammad J. Nasiri, Abbas A.I. Fooladi, Parvin Heidarieh, Mohammad M. Feizabadi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(2):127-130.   Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.01.003
  • 3,864 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global problem that many countries are challenged with. Rapid and accurate detection of MDR-TB is critical for appropriate treatment and controlling of TB. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the TaqMan allelic discrimination without minor groove binder (MGB) as a rapid, efficient, and low-cost method for detection of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Methods
A total of 112 M. tuberculosis isolates from cases with diagnosed TB were subjected to drug susceptibility testing (DST), using the proportion method. Resistant isolates were tested for characterization of mutations in the rpoB and KatG genes by TaqMan genotyping.
Results
Of 112 M. tuberculosis isolates for which DST was performed, three, one, and two isolates were MDR, rifampin (RIF) resistant, and isoniazid (INH) resistant, respectively. According to the threshold cycle (Ct) and curve pattern of mutants, TaqMan probes detect all of the mutations in the analyzed genes (katG 315, AGC→ACC, rpoB 531, TCG→TTG, and rpoB 531, TCG→TGG).
Conclusion
The present study suggests that drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis can be detected by pattern’s curve or Ct with TaqMan probes without MGB in real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

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  • Prevalence and Temporal Trends of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in Iran from 1981 to 2023: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Saman Ayoubi, Parissa Farnia, Poopak Farnia, Jalaledin Ghanavi, Ali Akbar Velayati
    The International Journal of Mycobacteriology.2024; 13(3): 320.     CrossRef
  • Drug resistance and the genotypic characteristics of rpoB and katG in rifampicin- and/or isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in central Vietnam
    Thi Binh Nguyen Nguyen, Thi Kieu Diem Nguyen, Van Hue Trương, Thi Tuyet Ngoc Tran, van Bao Thang Phan, Thi Tuyen Nguyen, Hoang Bach Nguyen, Viet Quynh Tram Ngo, Van Tuan Mai, Paola Molicotti
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(5): 347.     CrossRef
  • The Value of the inhA Mutation Detection in Predicting Ethionamide Resistance Using Melting Curve Technology
    Yanhua Song, Guirong Wang, Qiang Li, Rongmei Liu, Liping Ma, Qi Li, Mengqiu Gao
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Trends and Characteristics of HIV Infection among Suspected Tuberculosis Cases in Public Health Centers in Korea: 2001–2013
Meekyung Kee, Kyoung-Ho Lee, Sae-Young Lee, Chun Kang, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(Suppl):S37-S42.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.11.002
  • 3,463 View
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  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The Republic of Korea reports approximately 35,000 new tuberculosis (TB) patients each year, and the number of HIV-infected individuals is steadily increasing. Public health centers (PHCs) conduct TB diagnosis and treatment for risk groups in communities. This study aimed to identify possible trends and characteristics of HIV infection among suspected TB cases in PHCs.
Methods
Study subjects were suspected TB cases in PHCs who agreed to be tested for HIV from 2001 to 2013. Trends in HIV seroprevalence were assessed through a series of annual cross-sectional analyses. We analyzed suspected TB cases, and HIV-infected individuals among suspected TB cases, by gender, age, nationality, and region.
Results
The number of suspected tuberculosis cases who took an HIV test in PHCs was approximately 6,000 each year from 2001 to 2013. Among the suspected TB cases who took an HIV test, the number of those aged 20–39 is gradually decreasing, while the number of those aged 50–69 is increasing. During this period, 32 HIV-infected individuals were identified; the majority were men (94%), aged 30–49 (68%), Korean (94%), and residents in a metropolitan area (53%). HIV seroprevalence decreased from 8.2 per 10,000 persons in 2001 to 1.9 per 10,000 persons in 2013.
Conclusion
This study has identified trends and characteristics of HIV infection among suspected tuberculosis cases in PHCs. This national data provides a basis for public health policy for HIV and tuberculosis infections.

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  • Is Tuberculosis Still the Number One Infectious Disease in Korea?
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5: S1.     CrossRef
A Study on the Relapse Rate of Tuberculosis and Related Factors in Korea Using Nationwide Tuberculosis Notification Data
Hyungmin Lee, Jusang Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(Suppl):S8-S17.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.11.001
  • 3,510 View
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  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
From the perspective of public health, tuberculosis (TB) remains an important issue that threatens health. Korea is an intermediate burden country with a TB incidence of 97/100,000 individuals. Among many TB control measures, a relapse rate of TB is one indicator that can be used to indirectly assess the level of TB control in countries and in communities. Relapse TB has an approximately 12% yearly incidence in Korea. This study aims to estimate the relapse rate of TB and to investigate the associated factors by using nationwide TB notification data in Korea.
Methods
The nationwide TB notification data in 2005 was used with the exclusion criteria of duplicated reporting, foreign-born patients, outcome–died, and outcome–diagnosis changed. The data were double-checked as to whether they were reported again during 2006–2010 and the estimated relapse rate of TB. Associated factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression with the variables of age, sex, registration type, results of sputum smear test, medication, and outcome of treatment.
Results
Among 45,434 TB patients in 2005, 4,371 patients were again reported as TB patients from 2006 to 2010. Five hundred and sixty-four patients were reported more than twice and the cumulative number of relapses was 5,072 cases. The 5-year relapse rate was estimated as 9.62%. The relapse rate decreased yearly: 4.8% in 2006, 2.4% in 2007, 1.6% in 2008, 1.4% in 2009, and 1.0% in 2010. Age, sex, registration type, tuberculosis type, and medication were independently associated with a relapse of TB. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following factors were related: male sex, 40–49 years old; registration type, relapse, treatment after failure, treatment after default, transfer in, and other, the sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB, and medications (including individuals taking 2–5 drugs).
Conclusion
This study has estimated a 5-year relapse rate of TB in Korea that is slightly lower than the rate of relapse TB in the annual reports. This study could be conducted and cross-checked with data from the National Health Insurance in the future.

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  • Sex differences in the impact of diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis recurrence: a retrospective national cohort study
    Dararat Eksombatchai, Dawoon Jeong, Jeongha Mok, Doosoo Jeon, Hee-Yeon Kang, Hee Jin Kim, Hee-Sun Kim, Hongjo Choi, Young Ae Kang
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    Prathiksha Giridharan, Sriram Selvaraju, Raghuram Rao, Kiran Rade, Kannan Thiruvengadam, Smita Asthana, Rakesh Balachandar, Sampada Dipak Bangar, Avi Kumar Bansal, Jyothi Bhat, Debjit Chakraborty, Vishal Chopra, Dasarathi Das, Shanta Dutta, Kangjam Rekha
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    Hin Moi Youn, Moon-Kyung Shin, Dawoon Jeong, Hee-Jin Kim, Hongjo Choi, Young Ae Kang, Jun Hyeok Lim
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  • Is Tuberculosis Still the Number One Infectious Disease in Korea?
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5: S1.     CrossRef
Results of Tuberculosis Contact Investigation in Congregate Settings in Korea, 2013
Yunhyung Kwon, So Jung Kim, Jieun Kim, Seol-yi Kim, Eun Mi Song, Eun Jung Lee, Yun Choi, Yejin Kim, Byoung ok Lim, Da Sul Kim, Duksun Choi, Hye Sung Kim, Ji Eun Park, Ji-eun Yun, Jin A. Park, Jong Rak Jung, Joo-kyoung Kim, Sang Hee Kang, Seo Yean Hong, Seung Jae Lee, Soo Jin Park, Sun Hwa Park, Sunhye Yoon, Yoonsun Kim, Yunjeong Choi, Yun Jeong Seo, Yul A Seo, Jiseon Park, Minhee Sung, Minjang Shin, Hyunjin Son, Yeonkyeng Lee, Unyeong Go, Geun-Yong Kwon
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(Suppl):S30-S36.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.010
  • 4,163 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study aimed to check the status of the contact investigation in congregate settings to eradicate tuberculosis (TB) in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
The “Integrated System for Disease and Public Health Management” is used for care and follow-up for patients and contacts of TB. We downloaded data for contact investigations conducted from January to December 2013.
Results
A total of 1,200 contact investigations in congregate settings were carried out by 25 field investigators in 2013. We performed the status of contact investigation, TB, and LTBI rate by age, accept rate of LTBI treatment, and complete rate of LTBI treatment during 2013. A total of 1,547 index TB patients, 149,166 contacts, and 259 additional TB patients were found through the investigation. Kindergartens showed the highest LTBI rate, 19.8%, among educational facilities. The second highest was in elementary schools and the subtotal LTBI rate of educational facilities was 7.8%. Social welfare/correctional facilities and workplaces showed relatively high LTBI rates of 23.8% and 23.6%, respectively. By age, individuals >35 years showed the highest LTBI rate, followed by those aged 0–4 years, 30–34 years, and 5–9 years, with rates of 18.1%, 16.4%, and 15.4% respectively. When comparing the tuberculin skin test (TST) positive conversion ratio by facility, middle school and high school were relatively high compared to the others. The accept rate of LTBI treatment in the workplace was lowest at 63% and the complete rate in elementary schools was lowest at 76.5%.
Conclusion
TB contact investigation is considered as a meaningful strategy for preventing TB outbreaks in congregate settings and decreasing the prevalence of TB in young people. Results of this study could be used to establish the LTBI management policy.

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  • Latent Tuberculosis Cascade of Care Among Healthcare Workers: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis in Korea Between 2017 and 2018
    Jinsoo Min, Hyung Woo Kim, Joon Young Choi, Ah Young Shin, Ji Young Kang, Yunhee Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Hyunsuk Jeong, Sanghyuk Bae, Hyeon-Kyoung Koo, Sung-Soon Lee, Jae Seuk Park, Hyeon Woo Yim, Ju Sang Kim
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The Usefulness of the Tuberculosis Skin Test and the Interferon-gamma Release Assay in the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in South Korea
Ju Young Jang, In Won Park, Byoung Whui Choi, Jae Chol Choi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(Suppl):S18-S23.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.009
  • 4,287 View
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  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
South Koreans receive the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, which influence the result of the tuberculin skin test (TST); however, only a few studies have described the usefulness of the TST and interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for diagnosing latent TB infection (LTBI). Therefore, our aim was to determine the usefulness of the TST and IGRA for diagnosing LTBI in a household contacts investigation.
Methods
We reviewed the 329 household contacts who visited Chung-Ang University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) from May 1, 2011 to February 28, 2014. To evaluate the effectiveness of TST and IGRA for the diagnosis of LTBI, we examined the concordance rate between the two tests, based on age. We also evaluated the risk factors for LTBI.
Results
The concordance rate between the two tests in individuals 0–24 years, 25–54 years, and over 55 years were 82.6% (κ = 0.64, p < 0.01), 68.9% (κ = 0.40, p < 0.01), and 68.4% (κ = 0.35, p < 0.01), respectively. The ratio of positive TST to negative IGRA was higher in individuals 25–44 years old, whereas the ratio of negative TST to positive IGRA was higher in individuals older than 55 years old. Based on the TST, the risk factor for LTBI was a cavity (p < 0.01). When using IGRA, the risk factors were contact time (p = 0.04) and age over 55 years old (p = 0.02).
Conclusion
The concordance rate between TST and IGRA was not good after the age of 25 years. The IGRA test reflects the known risk factors more exactly.

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Brief Report
Activities of the Korean Institute of Tuberculosis
Sungweon Ryoo, Hee Jin Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(Suppl):S43-S49.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.007
  • 3,555 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The Korean National Tuberculosis Association (KNTA) set up the Korean Institute of Tuberculosis (KIT) in 1970 to foster research and technical activities pertaining to tuberculosis (TB). The KNTA/KIT had successfully conducted a countrywide TB prevalence survey from 1965 to 1995 at 5-year intervals. The survey results (decline in TB rates) established Korea as a country that had successfully implemented national control programs for TB. The KIT developed the Korea Tuberculosis Surveillance System and the Laboratory Management Information System, both of which were transferred to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after its establishment. The KIT functions as a central and supranational reference TB laboratory for microbiological and epidemiological research and provides training and education for health-care workers and medical practitioners. Recently, the KIT has expanded its activities to countries such as Ethiopia, Laos, and Timor-Leste to support TB control and prevention. The KIT will continue to support research activities and provide technical assistance in diagnosing the infection until it is completely eliminated in Korea.

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PHRP : Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
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