Figure 1Literature search and review flowchart for selection of primary studies.
Figure 2Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among preschoolers and kindergarteners in Iran by included studies and pooled estimate.
Table 1Baseline characteristics of included studies in meta-analysis of prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among children in Iran
No. |
First author |
Publication year |
Sample size (n) |
Prevalence (%) |
Related factors with prevalence of E. vermicularis (p-value) |
|
|
|
Total |
Male |
Female |
Total |
Male |
Female |
Sex |
Age |
Area residence |
Bruxism |
Insomnia |
Family education |
1 |
Abedi [17] |
2004 |
252 |
133 |
119 |
2.4 |
3 |
1.7 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
2 |
Afrakhteh [10] |
2015 |
462 |
223 |
239 |
7.1 |
6.3 |
7.9 |
NS |
NS |
0.03 |
NS |
NS |
- |
|
3 |
Atashnafas [18] |
2007 |
688 |
333 |
355 |
12.5 |
13.6 |
11.6 |
- |
- |
0.210 |
NS |
0.009 |
0.017 |
|
4 |
Daryani [19] |
2004 |
400 |
244 |
156 |
18.3 |
16.4 |
21.2 |
NS |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
0.05 |
|
5 |
Davoudi [20] |
2004 |
853 |
- |
- |
9.9 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
6 |
Ebrahimzade [12] |
2014 |
907 |
447 |
460 |
24.1 |
19.5 |
28.7 |
0.042 |
- |
0.022 |
- |
- |
- |
|
7 |
Haji Aliani [29] |
2014 |
904 |
460 |
444 |
2.3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
8 |
Hazratitappeh [30] |
2002 |
830 |
- |
- |
35.4 |
- |
- |
<0.05 |
- |
<0.001 |
- |
- |
<0.05 |
|
9 |
Hazratitape [21] |
2006 |
393 |
189 |
204 |
4.6 |
6.7 |
5 |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
10 |
Heidari [22] |
2003 |
461 |
- |
- |
33.8 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
<0.005 |
|
11 |
Moqimi [31] |
2002 |
300 |
- |
- |
9 |
- |
- |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
- |
NS |
|
12 |
Moosaviani [28] |
2007 |
351 |
192 |
159 |
26.4 |
30.2 |
22 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
13 |
Motevalli [23] |
2013 |
800 |
387 |
413 |
7.3 |
8.52 |
6.29 |
NS |
NS |
- |
- |
- |
<0.05 |
|
14 |
Rahimi [11] |
2015 |
811 |
395 |
416 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
15 |
Sharif [24] |
2000 |
217 |
0 |
217 |
29.5 |
- |
- |
- |
<0.05 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
16 |
Bahadoran [27] |
1993 |
992 |
490 |
502 |
1.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
17 |
Rostami [25] |
2012 |
800 |
482 |
318 |
1.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
18 |
Shahabi [32] |
1996 |
700 |
427 |
273 |
66.14 |
66.51 |
65.57 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
19 |
Soheili Azad [26] |
2004 |
555 |
- |
- |
37.8 |
- |
- |
<0.049 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Table 2Factors related with heterogeneity among primary studies on univariate and multivariate meta-regression
Variable |
Univariate |
Multivariate |
|
|
B |
p
|
B |
p
|
Publication year |
−1.2 |
0.05 |
−1.2 |
0.07 |
|
Population studies |
4.4 |
0.5 |
1.0005 |
0.9 |
Table 3Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis by country
First author |
Publication year |
Country |
Population group |
Sample size (n) |
Prevalence (%) |
Park [4] |
2005 |
Korea |
Kindergartens and primary schools |
1,661 |
18.5 |
Kuang [37] |
2015 |
Chinese |
Preschool children in kindergartens |
489 |
10.2 |
Yazgan [38] |
2015 |
Turkey |
Primary school |
438 |
10.4 |
Chang [33] |
2009 |
Taiwan |
Preschool children |
4,349 |
0.6 |
Gunawardena [8] |
2013 |
Sri Lanka |
Primary school |
260 |
38.0 |
Nithikathkul [34] |
2001 |
Thailand |
Primary school |
783 |
38.8 |
Norhayati [35] |
1994 |
Malaysia |
Children aged 1–8 years |
178 |
40.4 |
Maniscalchi [36] |
2010 |
Venezuela |
Children aged <12 years |
2,423 |
19.4 |