Table 1Participants’ general and disease related characteristics (n = 125)
Characteristic |
Category |
Data |
Age (y) |
|
59.01 ± 9.49 |
|
≤ 50 |
30 (24.0) |
|
≥ 51 |
95 (76.0) |
Sex |
Male |
66 (52.8) |
|
Female |
59 (47.2) |
Religion |
Yes |
84 (67.2) |
|
No |
41 (32.8) |
Living type |
Couple |
49 (39.2) |
|
Family (with children) |
47 (37.6) |
|
Single |
29 (23.2) |
Educational level |
Below high school |
103 (82.4) |
|
Above college degree |
22 (17.6) |
Employment status |
Employed |
48 (38.4) |
|
Self-employed |
23 (18.4) |
|
Unemployed |
54 (43.2) |
Monthly income |
Below 2,490 |
76 (60.8) |
(×103 KRW) |
2,500–5,000 |
30 (24.0) |
|
Above 5,000 |
10 ( 8.0) |
|
Others |
9 ( 7.2) |
Comorbidity |
Yes |
64 (51.2) |
|
No |
61 (48.8) |
Cirrhosis |
Yes |
40 (32.0) |
|
No |
85 (68.0) |
Treatment |
Yes |
62 (49.6) |
|
No |
63 (50.4) |
Infection route |
Unknown |
69 (55.2) |
|
Tattoo or piercing |
5 (4.0) |
|
Contaminated syringe |
26 (20.8) |
|
Acupuncture or bloodletting |
20 (16.0) |
|
Others |
5 (4.0) |
Table 2Liver Disease Quality of Life degree (n = 125)
|
Variable |
Mean ± SD |
Range |
SF-36 |
Total |
72.77 ± 14.68 |
28.0–98.4 |
|
Physical functioning |
82.76 ± 15.39 |
16.7–95.8 |
|
Role limitation-physical |
81.60 ± 21.77 |
6.3–100.0 |
|
Bodily pain |
83.84 ± 20.72 |
22.5–100.0 |
|
General health |
55.03 ± 16.96 |
16.7–95.8 |
|
Vitality |
51.90 ± 23.02 |
0.0–100.0 |
|
Social functioning |
79.00 ± 21.51 |
25.0–100.0 |
|
Role limitation-emotion |
80.27 ± 23.37 |
0.0–100.0 |
|
Mental health |
67.80 ± 20.32 |
10.0–100.0 |
LDTS |
Total |
72.34 ± 10.85 |
40.1–94.5 |
|
Liver disease symptoms |
85.73 ± 13.02 |
37.7–100.0 |
|
Effects of liver disease |
76.22 ± 11.54 |
31.0–100.0 |
|
Concentration |
89.71 ± 13.22 |
46.4–100.0 |
|
Memory |
89.77 ± 11.28 |
50.0–100.0 |
|
Social interaction quality |
72.56 ± 13.12 |
45.0–100.0 |
|
Health distress |
68.90 ± 20.07 |
25.0–100.0 |
|
Sexual functioning |
58.42 ± 21.59 |
0.0–100.0 |
|
Sexual problems (n = 66) |
71.01 ± 24.38 |
0.0–100.0 |
|
Sleep |
71.64 ± 18.68 |
10.0–100.0 |
|
Loneliness |
75.32 ± 16.43 |
30.0–100.0 |
|
Hopelessness |
63.60 ± 18.24 |
25.0–100.0 |
|
Liver disease stigma |
79.90 ± 18.42 |
25.0–100.0 |
Table 3Influencing variables of SF-36 and LDTS subareas (n = 125)
Variable |
SF-36 |
LDTS |
|
|
PF |
BP |
GH |
VT |
MH |
Concentration |
Sexual problems |
Loneliness |
Hopelessness |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
β (p) |
β (p) |
β (p) |
β (p) |
β (p) |
β (p) |
β (p) |
β (p) |
β (p) |
Age (≥ 51 y)a
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
−0.43 (< 0.001) |
|
|
|
Sex (female)a
|
|
|
|
−0.18 (0.049) |
|
|
−0.35 (< 0.001) |
|
|
|
Education level (above college)a
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.21 (0.031) |
|
Living type (single)a
|
|
|
|
|
|
−0.18 (0.040) |
−0.15 (0.042) |
−0.29 (0.001) |
|
|
Employment status (unemployment)a
|
−0.19 (0.047) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monthly income (≥ 2,490 × 103 KRW)a
|
−0.20 (0.034) |
|
|
−0.31 (0.001) |
−0.26 (0.008) |
−0.28 (0.004) |
|
|
|
|
Comorbidity (yes)a
|
|
−0.23 (0.009) |
−0.22 (0.016) |
|
|
|
|
|
−0.21 (0.022) |
|
B |
103.06 |
99.08 |
60.59 |
67.86 |
70.40 |
97.41 |
144.90 |
69.72 |
53.36 |
|
SE |
7.76 |
10.51 |
8.87 |
11.40 |
10.50 |
6.80 |
17.56 |
8.44 |
9.40 |
|
Adj. R2
|
0.152 |
0.143 |
0.087 |
0.182 |
0.111 |
0.119 |
0.346 |
0.120 |
0.115 |
|
F (p) |
4.17 (< 0.001) |
3.95 (0.001) |
2.70 (0.013) |
4.95 (< 0.001) |
3.21 (0.004) |
3.39 (0.002) |
10.38 (< 0.001) |
3.42 (0.002) |
3.30 (0.003) |