aKorea Safety Health Environment Foundation. Work Environment Health Center, Cheongju, Korea
bDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
Copyright ©2020, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Cohen’s criteria for analyzing ES | small ES: ESsm ≤ 0.20 medium ES: 0.20 < ESsm < 0.80 large ES: ESsm ≥ 0.80 |
Model | k | ES (g) | 95% CI | Q (df) | I2 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL | UL | ||||||
Random | 63 | 1.32 | 1.11 | 1.54 | 423.13 (62) | 85.3% | < 0.0001 |
Treatment Intervention | k | ES (g) | 95% CI | Q (df) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL | UL | |||||
EXT | 19 | 1.18 | 0.84 | 1.52 | 4.80 (2) | > 0.0907 |
MPT | 28 | 1.13 | 0.85 | 1.41 | ||
EXT+MPT | 16 | 1.83 | 1.26 | 2.40 |
Outcome | k | ES (g) | 95% CI | Q (df) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL | UL | |||||
NDI | 11 | 1.35 | 0.92 | 1.79 | 8.19 (2) | < 0.0167 |
PPT | 23 | 0.94 | 0.65 | 1.24 | ||
VAS | 29 | 1.59 | 1.25 | 1.92 |
Control variable | N | k | ES (g) | 95% CI | Q (df) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
LL | UL | ||||||
No. of participants | ≤ 20 | 47 | 1.22 | 0.97 | 1.47 | 3.35 (2) | > 0.1876 |
21 to 40 | 15 | 1.64 | 1.26 | 2.02 | |||
≥ 41 | 1 | 1.22 | 0.63 | 1.81 | |||
| |||||||
Treatment period (d) | 1 to 15 | 25 | 1.27 | 0.97 | 1.57 | 2.87 (3) | > 0.4125 |
16 to 30 | 28 | 1.41 | 1.04 | 1.77 | |||
31 to 45 | 6 | 1.44 | 0.76 | 2.11 | |||
46 to 60 | 4 | 0.84 | 0.26 | 1.42 | |||
| |||||||
No. of treatments | 1 to 5 | 3 | 1.02 | 0.64 | 1.39 | 8.21 (3) | < 0.0418 |
6 to 10 | 37 | 1.51 | 1.20 | 1.82 | |||
11 to 15 | 15 | 1.15 | 0.74 | 1.57 | |||
≥ 16 | 8 | 0.90 | 0.61 | 1.20 |
k | t | df | p | Bias | Se-bias | Slope |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
63 | 9.907 | 61 | < 0.0001 | 5.916 | 0.597 | − 0.860 |
Publication bias | k | ES (g) | 95% CI | Q (df) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL | UL | |||||
Trim and fill | 87 | 0.67 | 0.43 | 0.91 | 882.10 (86) | < 0.0001 |
CI = confidence interval; ES = effect size;
EXT = exercise therapy; MPT = modality therapy; k = number of effect size; ES = Effect size; CI = confidence interval; LL = lower limit; UL = upper limit;
NDI = neck disability index; PPT = pressure pain threshold; VAS = visual analogue scale; k = number of effect size; ES = effect size; CI = confidence interval; LL = lower limit; UL = upper limit;
k = number of effect size; ES = effect size; CI = confidence interval; LL = lower limit; UL = upper limit;
k = number of effect size.
k = number of effect size; ES = effect size; CI = confidence interval; LL = lower limit; UL = upper limit;