Table 1Percent ovicidal activity of crude extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus eggs.
Mosquito species |
Plant |
Treatment |
Concentration (ppm)
|
62.5 |
125 |
250 |
500 |
Culex quinquefasciatus
|
Aegle marmelos
|
Hexane |
7.1 ± 2.08b
|
14.4 ± 6.06b
|
22.4 ± 2.19b
|
53.6 ± 2.19b
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
6.4 ± 2.19bc
|
9.6 ± 2.19bc
|
20.0 ± 2.82bc
|
43.2 ± 1.78c
|
|
Methanol |
3.2 ± 1.78bcd
|
7.2 ± 1.78c
|
14.4 ± 2.19cd
|
28 ± 2.82ef
|
|
Limonia acidissima
|
Hexane |
17.6 ± 2.19a
|
36 ± 2.82a
|
56.8 ± 3.34a
|
79.2 ± 3.34a
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
0cd
|
0.8 ± 1.78d
|
1.6 ± 3.57f
|
4.0 ± 2.82hi
|
|
Methanol |
4 ± 2.82bcd
|
8.8 ± 3.34c
|
18.4 ± 2.19bcd
|
39.2 ± 1.38cd
|
|
Sphaeranthus indicus
|
Hexane |
3.2 ± 1.78bcd
|
7.2 ± 3.34c
|
13.6 ± 2.19cd
|
25.6 ± 2.19f
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
2.4 ± 2.19bcd
|
7.2 ± 1.78c
|
14.4 ± 2.19cd
|
29.6 ± 2.19ef
|
|
Methanol |
1.6 ± 2.19cd
|
4.8 ± 1.78cd
|
6.4 ± 2.19ef
|
15.2 ± 3.34g
|
|
Sphaeranthus amaranthaides
|
Hexane |
3 ± 2.73bcd
|
7.8 ± 3.03c
|
16 ± 4.48bcd
|
33 ± 2.73de
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
4 ± 2.82bcd
|
8 ± 2.82c
|
15.2 ± 1.78cd
|
30.4 ± 2.19ef
|
|
Methanol |
4 ± 2.82bcd
|
9.6 ± 2.19bc
|
16 ± 2.82bcd
|
32.8 ± 3.34de
|
|
Chromolaena odorata
|
Hexane |
3.2 ± 3.34bcd
|
6.4 ± 2.19c
|
12.8 ± 4.38de
|
24.8 ± 3.34f
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
4 ± 2.82bcd
|
9.6 ± 2.19bc
|
19.2 ± 3.34bcd
|
42.4 ± 2.19c
|
|
Methanol |
0cd
|
0d
|
4 ± 2.82f
|
9.6 ± 2.19gh
|
|
|
Control |
1.6 ± 2.19cd
|
0.8 ± 1.78d
|
0.8 ± 1.78f
|
0i
|
|
|
Azadirachtin (10 ppm) |
95.2 ± 1.78 |
|
|
Temephos (10 ppm) |
46.4 ± 3.57 |
Table 2Percent ovicidal activity of crude extracts against Aedes aegypti eggs.
Mosquito species |
Plant |
Treatment |
Concentration (ppm)
|
62.5 |
125 |
250 |
500 |
Aedes aegypti
|
Aegle marmelos
|
Hexane |
6.4 ± 1.78ab
|
13.6 ± 2.19b
|
26.4 ± 5.21a
|
48.8 ± 4.38b
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
1.6 ± 2.19cd
|
5.6 ± 3.57c
|
10.4 ± 5.36b
|
24.8 ± 4.38c
|
|
Methanol |
4 ± 2.82bc
|
7.2 ± 1.78c
|
11.2 ± 4.38b
|
24.8 ± 1.34c
|
|
Limonia acidissima
|
Hexane |
8 ± 2.82a
|
17.6 ± 2.19a
|
29.6 ± 2.19a
|
60 ± 2.82a
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
2.4 ± 2.19cd
|
5.6 ± 1.19c
|
11.2 ± 1.78b
|
19.2 ± 3.34cd
|
|
Methanol |
0d
|
0.8 ± 1.78e
|
4 ± 2.82cd
|
6.4 ± 1.34fg
|
|
Sphaeranthus indicus
|
Hexane |
0d
|
1.6 ± 2.19de
|
4.0 ± 2.82cd
|
8.8 ± 3.34ef
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
0d
|
0e
|
0d
|
3.2 ± 1.78fg
|
|
Methanol |
0d
|
0e
|
0.8 ± 1.78cd
|
2.4 ± 3.57fg
|
|
Sphaeranthus amaranthaides
|
Hexane |
0d
|
0e
|
2.4 ± 3.57cd
|
4.8 ± 4.38fg
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
0d
|
0e
|
0d
|
0g
|
|
Methanol |
0d
|
0.8 ± 1.78e
|
1.6 ± 2.19cd
|
3.2 ± 1.78fg
|
|
Chromolaena odorata
|
Hexane |
0d
|
0e
|
0.8 ± 2.19cd
|
3.2 ± 4.38fg
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
1.6 ± 3.57cd
|
4.8 ± 3.34cd
|
6.4 ± 2.19bc
|
13.6 ± 2.19de
|
|
Methanol |
0d
|
0e
|
0d
|
1.6 ± 2.19g
|
|
|
Control |
0d
|
00.8 ± 1.78e
|
00.8 ± 1.78cd
|
1.6 ± 2.19g
|
|
|
Azadirachtin (10 ppm) |
92.8 ± 3.34 |
|
|
Temephos (10 ppm) |
44 ± 2.82 |
Table 3Percent oviposition deterrent activity of crude extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus adult females.
Mosquito species |
Plant |
Treatment |
Concentration (ppm)
|
62.5 |
125 |
250 |
500 |
Culex quinquefasciatus
|
Aegle marmelos
|
Hexane |
23.09 ± 2.22b
|
46.79 ± 1.30b
|
56.67 ± 0.95b
|
76.74 ± 1.02b
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
8.73 ± 2.15c
|
20.25 ± 2.13c
|
32.87 ± 1.30c
|
47.56 ± 1.48c
|
|
Methanol |
0e
|
4.24 ± 2.30f
|
11.91 ± 2.22ef
|
20.91 ± 1.65fg
|
|
Limonia acidissima
|
Hexane |
100a
|
100a
|
100a
|
100a
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
2.81 ± 1.79d
|
8.50 ± 2.39de
|
20.68 ± 2.06d
|
30.01 ± 1.75e
|
|
Methanol |
0e
|
5.11 ± 2.74f
|
11.80 ± 2.14f
|
17.74 ± 1.25g
|
|
Sphaeranthus indicus
|
Hexane |
0e
|
0g
|
0i
|
0i
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
0e
|
0g
|
7.64 ± 1.55g
|
11.47 ± 1.75h
|
|
Methanol |
0e
|
0g
|
0i
|
0i
|
|
Sphaeranthus amaranthaides
|
Hexane |
2.06 ± 1.21de
|
5.45 ± 1.62ef
|
9.93 ± 2.64fg
|
12.03 ± 1.63h
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
0.32 ± 0.29de
|
9.29 ± 2.30d
|
15.10 ± 1.61e
|
22.31 ± 2.59f
|
|
Methanol |
0e
|
0g
|
4.03 ± 1.42h
|
13.34 ± 2.07h
|
|
Chromolaena odorata
|
Hexane |
0e
|
0g
|
0i
|
0i
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
0e
|
0g
|
0i
|
0i
|
|
Methanol |
2.48 ± 2.01de
|
9.17 ± 1.75d
|
22.55 ± 1.54d
|
33.73 ± 1.88d
|
|
Azadirachtin (10 ppm) |
86.29 ± 1.09 |
|
Temephos (10 ppm) |
10.27 ± 1.75 |
Table 4Percent oviposition deterrent activity of crude extracts against Aedes aegypti adult females.
Mosquito species |
Plant |
Treatment |
Concentration (ppm)
|
62.5 |
125 |
250 |
500 |
Aedes aegypti
|
Aegle marmelos
|
Hexane |
21.02 ± 2.11b
|
45.14 ± 1.69b
|
52.60 ± 1.77b
|
71.79 ± 1.57b
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
3.04 ± 1.54d
|
7.20 ± 1.63d
|
13.56 ± 2.21e
|
31.22 ± 1.63d
|
|
Methanol |
0e
|
0g
|
3.15 ± 1.62hi
|
13.01 ± 1.56g
|
|
Limonia acidissima
|
Hexane |
100a
|
100a
|
100a
|
100a
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
1.20 ± 0.47de
|
6.44 ± 1.47de
|
18.06 ± 1.23d
|
27.71 ± 1.48e
|
|
Methanol |
0e
|
1.84 ± 0.88fg
|
5.87 ± 2.46gh
|
10.88 ± 2.63gh
|
|
Sphaeranthus indicus
|
Hexane |
0e
|
0g
|
0i
|
0k
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
0e
|
0g
|
2.59 ± 1.85i
|
4.34 ± 2.59i
|
|
Methanol |
0e
|
0g
|
0i
|
0k
|
|
Sphaeranthus amaranthaides
|
Hexane |
2.27 ± 1.59de
|
3.90 ± 2.29ef
|
6.65 ± 1.79g
|
8.74 ± 1.68h
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
2.07 ± 1.69de
|
4.14 ± 0.83ef
|
10.27 ± 1.75f
|
20.48 ± 0.83f
|
|
Methanol |
0e
|
0g
|
0i
|
2.61 ± 1.13ij
|
|
Chromolaena odorata
|
Hexane |
0e
|
0g
|
0i
|
0k
|
|
Ethyl acetate |
0e
|
0g
|
0i
|
0k
|
|
Methanol |
9.93 ± 2.15c
|
15.41 ± 2.39c
|
25.53 ± 0.86c
|
38.23 ± 1.73c
|
|
Azadirachtin (10 ppm) |
75.21 ± 0.86 |
|
Temephos (10 ppm) |
4.05 ± 1.36 |