Table 1Anthropometrical and biochemical characteristics of study groups.
Characteristics |
Groups
|
T2DM |
Control |
p
|
Number of individuals (male/female) |
1023 (493/530) |
1038 (502/536) |
_ |
Age (y) |
54.98 ± 1.11 |
53.3 ± 9.7 |
0.18 |
BMI (kg/m2) |
28.8 ± 4.86 |
26.9 ± 4.32 |
<0.001 |
WHR |
0.94 ± 0.07 |
0.91 ± 0.062 |
<0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) |
9.18 ± 2.75 |
5.29 ± 0.57 |
<0.001 |
HbA1c (%) |
8.13 ± 1.72 |
5.02 ± 0.35 |
<0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) |
2.07 ± 0.47 |
1.65 ± 0.46 |
<0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) |
5.13 ± 1.06 |
4.65 ± 1.1 |
<0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) |
0.93 ± 0.25 |
2.99 ± 0.69 |
<0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) |
3.89 ± 0.94 |
3.04 ± 0.8 |
<0.001 |
SBP (mm Hg) |
13.1 ± 1.85 |
11.86 ± 1.07 |
<0.001 |
DBP (mm Hg) |
8.46 ± 1.31 |
8.0 ± 0.95 |
<0.001 |
FPI (μIU/mL) |
9.9 ± 3.41 |
7.33 ± 2.08 |
<0.001 |
HOMA-IR |
3.98 ± 1.77 |
1.72 ± 0.5 |
<0.001 |
Table 2Genotype/allele status and associated risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus in study groups.
p
|
OR (95% CI) |
Groups
|
Genotype/Allele |
SNP |
T2DM
|
Control
|
Reference |
1 |
737 |
871 |
G/G |
308 TNF-α |
0.005 |
2.24 (1.78–2.80) |
269 |
142 |
G/A |
0.001 |
3.18 (1.84–5.66) |
32 |
10 |
A/A |
0.001 |
2.34 (1.88–2.91) |
|
|
G/G vs. G/A + A/A |
0.06 |
3.01 (0.86–10.17) |
|
|
G/G + G/A vs. A/A |
|
|
0.84 |
0.92 |
G |
0.006 |
2.19 (1.21–4.55) |
0.16 |
0.08 |
A |
Table 3The characteristics of the study subjects according to the dominant model of -308 G/A polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Characteristics |
Patients with Type 2 diabetes
|
Control patients
|
GG (737) |
GA + AA (301) |
p
|
GG (871) |
GA + AA (152) |
p
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
29.0 ± 5.09 |
27.68 ± 3.10 |
0.19 |
27.06 ± 4.27 |
24.51 ± 4.41 |
0.05 |
WHR |
0.94 ± 0.068 |
0.92 ± 0.06 |
0.34 |
0.90 ± 0.06 |
0.92 ± 0.11 |
0.36 |
FPG (mmol/L) |
9.16 ± 2.87 |
9.25 ± 1.92 |
0.87 |
5.28 ± 0.56 |
5.25 ± 0.67 |
0.83 |
HbA1c (%) |
8.16 ± 1.78 |
7.95 ± 1.33 |
0.56 |
5.02 ± 0.34 |
4.92 ± 0.42 |
0.37 |
TG (mmol/L) |
2.07 ± 0.46 |
2.06 ± 0.51 |
0.92 |
1.64 ± 0.46 |
1.69 ± 0.40 |
0.71 |
TC (mmol/L) |
5.08 ± 1.02 |
5.35 ± 1.23 |
0.22 |
4.63 ± 1.10 |
4.83 ± 0.98 |
0.56 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) |
0.92 ± 0.24 |
0.97 ± 0.21 |
0.28 |
2.98 ± 0.67 |
3.15 ± 0.88 |
0.42 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) |
3.45 ± 0.92 |
3.70 ± 0.97 |
0.06 |
2.92 ± 0.80 |
3.06 ± 0.73 |
0.21 |
SBP (mm Hg) |
13.04 ± 1.83 |
13.35 ± 1.94 |
0.42 |
11.88 ± 1.08 |
11.36 ± 0.81 |
0.09 |
DBP (mm Hg) |
8.41 ± 1.20 |
8.68 ± 1.75 |
0.32 |
7.99 ± 0.95 |
8.09 ± 0.83 |
0.74 |
FPI (μIU/mL) |
10.13 ± 3.49 |
8.66 ± 2.59 |
0.03∗
|
7.30 ± 2.09 |
7.76 ± 1.77 |
0.47 |
HOMA-IR |
4.06 ± 1.83 |
3.53 ± 1.26 |
0.14 |
1.70 ± 0.50 |
1.79 ± 0.39 |
0.58 |