Table 1General characteristics of the participants.
Parameters |
With pain |
Without pain |
χ2 or t
|
p
|
Total |
Gender (male/female) |
9/13 |
8/14 |
0.096 |
0.47 |
17/27 |
Age (y) |
28.55 ± 5.15 |
26.64 ± 4.54 |
1.30 |
0.38 |
27.59 ± 4.90 |
Height (cm) |
164.86 ± 7.83 |
166.93 ± 7.67 |
0.89 |
0.95 |
165.90 ± 7.73 |
Weight (kg) |
60.18 ± 9.85 |
57.59 ± 8.80 |
0.92 |
0.54 |
58.89 ± 9.32 |
Table 2Comparison of CVA and craniocervical ROM in individuals with a forward head posture who experience pain and those without pain.
Parameters |
With pain |
Without pain |
t
|
p
|
CVA |
44.44 ± 4.43*
|
48.63 ± 1.99 |
4.04 |
0.00 |
Flexion |
32.32 ± 7.21*
|
41.05 ± 3.84 |
5.01 |
0.00 |
Extension |
30.27 ± 8.11*
|
38.41 ± 6.46 |
3.68 |
0.01 |
RR |
52.77 ± 6.36 |
53.14 ± 7.47 |
0.174 |
0.863 |
LR |
53.55 ± 6.38 |
53.05 ± 6.14 |
0.265 |
0.792 |
Table 3Logistic regression analysis of risk factor for the occurrence pain in individuals with a forward head posture.
Parameters |
Beta |
SE |
p
|
OR |
95% CI |
Maximum |
Minimum |
CVA |
−0.667 |
0.299 |
0.026*
|
0.513 |
0.286 |
0.922 |
Flexion |
−0.342 |
0.165 |
0.038*
|
0.710 |
0.515 |
0.981 |
Extension |
−0.163 |
0.104 |
0.119 |
0.850 |
0.693 |
1.043 |
RR |
−0.142 |
0.112 |
0.207 |
0.868 |
0.697 |
1.082 |
LR |
0.105 |
0.138 |
0.447 |
1 .111 |
0.847 |
1.456 |