<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p><italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> is a nosocomial pathogen that provides a major challenge in the healthcare environment, especially in burns units where patients are particularly susceptible to infections. In this study, we sought to determine molecular types of <italic>S. aureus</italic> isolates collected from burns patients, based on staphylococcal protein A and coagulase gene polymorphisms.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Antibiotic susceptibility testing of 89 <italic>S. aureus</italic> strains isolated from burn wounds of patients was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Strains were characterized by <italic>spa</italic> typing, <italic>coa</italic> typing, and resistance and toxin gene profiling.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>A total of 12 different <italic>spa</italic> types were identified with the majority being t790 (18%). Panton-Valentine leucocidin encoding genes were identified in <italic>spa</italic> types t044 (5.6%), t852 (2.2%) and t008 (2.2%). The most commonly detected antibiotic resistance gene was <italic>ant (4′)-Ia</italic> (60.7%). Ten different <italic>coa</italic> types were detected and the majority of the tested isolates belonged to <italic>coa</italic> III (47.2%). All the high-level mupirocin-resistant and low-level mupirocin resistant strains belonged to <italic>coa</italic> type III.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The present study illustrated that despite the high frequency of <italic>coa</italic> III and <italic>spa</italic> t790 types, the genetic background of <italic>S. aureus</italic> strains in Iranian burns patients was diverse. The findings obtained are valuable in creating awareness of <italic>S. aureus</italic> infections within burns units.</p></sec>
Citations
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Mupirocin: A Useful Antibiotic for Methicillin-Resistant
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Decolonization: A Narrative Review
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<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>Despite all the efforts and increased knowledge of rabies, the exact mechanisms of infection and mortality from the rabies virus are not well understood. To understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of rabies virus infection, it is crucial to study the tissue that the rabies virus naturally infects in humans.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Cerebellum brain tissue from 9 human post mortem cases from Iran, who had been infected with rabies virus, were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically to evaluate the innate immune responses against the rabies virus.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Histopathological examination revealed inflammation of the infected cerebellum and immunohistochemical analyses showed an increased immunoreactivity of heat shock protein 70, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, caspase-3, caspase-9, toll-like receptor3 and toll-like receptor4 in the infected brain tissue.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>These results indicated the involvement of innate immunity in rabies infected human brain tissue, which may aggravate the progression of this deadly disease.</p></sec>
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