Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Most-read articles are from the articles published in 2021 during the last three month.

Original Articles

Factors influencing acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Malaysia: a web-based survey: June Fei Wen Lau, Yuan Liang Woon, Chin Tho Leong, Hoon Shien Teh; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(6):361-373. Published online November 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0085

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Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has set a precedent for the fastest-produced vaccine as a result of global collaboration and outreach. This study explored Malaysians’ acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional anonymous web-based survey was disseminated to Malaysian adults aged ≥18 years old via social media platforms between July 10, 2020 and August 31, 2020.
Results
In the analysis of 4,164 complete responses, 93.2% of participants indicated that they would accept the COVID-19 vaccine if it was offered for free by the Malaysian government. The median out-of-pocket cost that participants were willing to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine was Malaysian ringgit (MYR) 100 (interquartile range [IQR], 100) if it was readily available and MYR 150 (IQR, 200) if the supply was limited. Respondents with a low likelihood of vaccine hesitancy had 13 times higher odds of accepting the COVID-19 vaccine (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.69 to 19.13). High perceived risk and severity were also associated with willingness to be vaccinated, with adjusted odds ratios of 2.22 (95% CI, 1.44 to 3.41) and 2.76 (95% CI, 1.87 to 4.09), respectively. Age and ethnicity were the only independent demographic characteristics that predicted vaccine uptake.
Conclusion
Public health strategies targeting perceived risk, perceived susceptibility and vaccine hesitancy could be effective in enhancing vaccine uptake.

Citations

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COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its determinants among teenagers and their parents in Zhejiang, China: An online cross-sectional study
Yu Huang, Qingqing Wu, Shuiyang Xu, Xiang Zhao, Lei Wang, Qiaohong Lv, Suxian Wu, Xuehai Zhang
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2023; 16(4): 176. CrossRef
Factors influencing parents’ hesitancy to vaccinate their children aged 5–11 years old against COVID-19: results from a cross-sectional study in Malaysia
Roy Rillera Marzo, Ritankar Chakraborty, Shean Yih Soh, Hui Zhu Thew, Collins Chong, Ching Sin Siau, Khairuddin Bin Abdul Wahab, Indang Ariati Binti Ariffin, Shekhar Chauhan, Ken Brackstone, Bijaya Kumar Padhi, Petra Heidler
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Cross-sectional assessment of predictors for COVID-19 vaccine uptake: an online survey in Greece
Petros Galanis, Irene Vraka, Olga Siskou, Olympia Konstantakopoulou, Aglaia Katsiroumpa, Ioannis Moisoglou, Daphne Kaitelidou
Vacunas.2022; 23: S60. CrossRef
Key predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: An integrated framework
Jason Wei Jian Ng, Santha Vaithilingam, Mahendhiran Nair, Li-Ann Hwang, Kamarul Imran Musa, Anat Gesser-Edelsburg
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(5): e0268926. CrossRef
Intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose and associated factors in Malaysia
Li Ping Wong, Haridah Alias, Yan-Li Siaw, Mustakiza Muslimin, Lee Lee Lai, Yulan Lin, Zhijian Hu
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ayenew Mose, Abebaw Wasie, Solomon Shitu, Kassahun Haile, Abebe Timerga, Tamirat Melis, Tadesse Sahle, Amare Zewdie, Dong Keon Yon
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(6): e0269273. CrossRef
When do persuasive messages on vaccine safety steer COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and recommendations? Behavioural insights from a randomised controlled experiment in Malaysia
Nicholas Yee Liang Hing, Yuan Liang Woon, Yew Kong Lee, Hyung Joon Kim, Nurhyikmah M Lothfi, Elizabeth Wong, Komathi Perialathan, Nor Haryati Ahmad Sanusi, Affendi Isa, Chin Tho Leong, Joan Costa-Font
BMJ Global Health.2022; 7(7): e009250. CrossRef
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate and its predictors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Getaneh Mulualem Belay, Tewodros Getaneh Alemu, Masresha Asmare Techane, Chalachew Adugna Wubneh, Nega Tezera Assimamaw, Tadesse Tarik Tamir, Addis Bilal Muhye, Destaye Guadie Kassie, Amare Wondim, Bewuketu Terefe, Bethlehem Tigabu Tarekegn, Mohammed Seid
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Cross-sectional assessment of predictors for COVID-19 vaccine uptake: an online survey in Greece
Petros Galanis, Irene Vraka, Olga Siskou, Olympia Konstantakopoulou, Aglaia Katsiroumpa, Ioannis Moisoglou, Daphne Kaitelidou
Vacunas (English Edition).2022; 23: S60. CrossRef

The incidence and clinical characteristics of myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination in Republic of Korea adolescents from July 2021 to September 2022: Ju-Young Sim, Seung-Yun Kim, Eun-Kyoung Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(2):76-88. Published online April 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0032

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Objectives
Age-specific information regarding myocarditis/pericarditis in adolescents following mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Asia remains insufficient. This study investigated the incidence and clinical characteristics of myocarditis/pericarditis in Republic of Korea adolescents after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods
This retrospective descriptive study utilized patient data from the Korea Immunization Management System. Incidence rates were calculated according to age and sex. Clinical characteristics (symptoms/signs, laboratory values, and imaging results) were compared between mild and severe cases.
Results
Between July 19, 2021 and September 30, 2022, 3,728,224 individuals aged 12 to 19 years received 6,484,165 mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, and 173 cases met the case definition for myocarditis/pericarditis: 151 mild (87.3%) and 22 severe (12.7%). The incidence was 3.8-fold higher in males than in females. Troponin I/ troponin T was elevated in 96% of myocarditis cases, demonstrating higher sensitivity than creatine kinase-myocardial band (67.6%) or C-reactive protein (75.2%). ST-segment or Twave on electrography abnormalities were found in 60.3% (85/141). Paroxysmal/sustained atrial/ventricular arrhythmias were more common in severe than in mild cases (45.5% vs. 16.8%, p=0.008). Edema on T2-weighted magnetic imaging occurred in 21.6% (8/37) and 62.5% (5/8) of mild and severe cases, respectively (p=0.03). Abnormal pericardial fluid collection or pericardial inflammation was found in 75.4% of pericarditis cases (49/65).
Conclusion
Myocarditis/pericarditis occurred in rare cases following mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. Most cases were mild, but the incidence was higher in adolescent males and after the second dose. As bivalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 mRNA vaccination started in Republic of Korea in October 2022, the post-vaccination incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis should be closely monitored, considering clinical characteristics.

Citations

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To become a more stronger and safer country
Jong-Koo Lee
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(2): 67. CrossRef

Special Article

A framework for nationwide COVID-19 vaccine safety research in the Republic of Korea: the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Committee: Na-Young Jeong, Hyesook Park, Sanghoon Oh, Seung Eun Jung, Dong-Hyun Kim, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Hee Chul Han, Jong-Koo Lee, Jun Hee Woo, Byung-Joo Park, Nam-Kyong Choi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(1):5-14. Published online February 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0026

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

With the introduction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) commissioned the National Academy of Medicine of Korea to gather experts to independently assess post-vaccination adverse events. Accordingly, the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Committee (CoVaSC) was launched in November 2021 to perform safety studies and establish evidence for policy guidance. The CoVaSC established 3 committees for epidemiology, clinical research, and communication. The CoVaSC mainly utilizes pseudonymized data linking KDCA’s COVID-19 vaccination data and the National Health Insurance Service’s claims data. The CoVaSC’s 5-step research process involves defining the target diseases and organizing ad-hoc committees, developing research protocols, performing analyses, assessing causal relationships, and announcing research findings and utilizing them to guide compensation policies. As of 2022, the CoVaSC completed this research process for 15 adverse events. The CoVaSC launched the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center in September 2022 and has been reorganized into 4 divisions to promote research including international collaborative studies, long-/short-term follow-up studies, and education programs. Through these enhancements, the CoVaSC will continue to swiftly provide scientific evidence for COVID-19 vaccine research and compensation and may serve as a model for preparing for future epidemics of new diseases.

Citations

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To become a more stronger and safer country
Jong-Koo Lee
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(2): 67. CrossRef

Original Article

mRNA vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant transmission from home care cases to household contacts in South Korea: Hanul Park, Young Joon Park, Sang Eun Lee, Min Jei Lee, Hyungtae Ahn; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(6):435-442. Published online November 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0243

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Objectives
Household contacts of confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) areexposed to a high risk of viral transmission, and secondary incidence is an important indicatorof community transmission. This study analyzed the secondary attack rate and mRNA vaccineeffectiveness against transmission (VET) for index cases (patients treated at home) confirmedto be infected with the Delta and Omicron variants.Methods: The subjects of the study were 4,450 index cases and 10,382 household contacts.Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the secondary attack rate byvaccination status, and adjusted relative risk and 95% confidence intervals were identified.Results: The secondary attack rate of the Delta variant was 27.3%, while the secondary attackrate of the Omicron variant was 29.8%. For the Delta variant, groups with less than 90 daysand more than 90 days after 2 doses of mRNA vaccination both showed a VET of 37%. For theOmicron variant, a 64% VET was found among those with less than 90 days after 2 doses ofmRNA vaccination.Conclusion: This study provides useful data on the secondary attack rate and VET of mRNAvaccines for household contacts of COVID-19 cases in South Korea.

Review Article

Yersinia pestis antibiotic resistance: a systematic review: Chen Lei, Suresh Kumar; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(1):24-36. Published online February 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0288

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Abstract PDF

Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague and a potential biological weapon, has always been a threatening pathogen. Some strains of Y. pestis have varying degrees of antibiotic resistance. Thus, this systematic review was conducted to alert clinicians to this pathogen’s potential antimicrobial resistance. A review of the literature was conducted for experimental reports and systematic reviews on the topics of plague, Y. pestis, and antibiotic resistance. From 1995 to 2021, 7 Y. pestis isolates with 4 antibiotic resistance mechanisms were reported. In Y. pestis 17/95, 16/95, and 2180H, resistance was mediated by transferable plasmids. Each plasmid contained resistance genes encoded within specific transposons. Strain 17/95 presented multiple drug resistance, since plasmid 1202 contained 10 resistance determinants. Strains 16/95 and 2180H showed single antibiotic resistance because both additional plasmids in these strains carried only 1 antimicrobial determinant. Strains 12/87, S19960127, 56/13, and 59/13 exhibited streptomycin resistance due to an rpsl gene mutation, a novel mechanism that was discovered recently. Y. pestis can acquire antibiotic resistance in nature not only via conjugative transfer of antimicrobial-resistant plasmids from other bacteria, but also by gene point mutations. Global surveillance should be strengthened to identify antibiotic-resistant Y. pestis strains by whole-genome sequencing and drug susceptibility testing.

Citations

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Rapid Induction of Protective Immunity against Pneumonic Plague by Yersinia pestis Polymeric F1 and LcrV Antigens
Moshe Aftalion, Avital Tidhar, Yaron Vagima, David Gur, Ayelet Zauberman, Tzvi Holtzman, Arik Makovitzki, Theodor Chitlaru, Emanuelle Mamroud, Yinon Levy
Vaccines.2023; 11(3): 581. CrossRef
Antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: broad-spectrum drug target identification using subtractive genomics
Umairah Natasya Mohd Omeershffudin, Suresh Kumar
Genomics & Informatics.2023; 21(1): e5. CrossRef
Polyclonal Antibodies Derived from Transchromosomic Bovines Vaccinated with the Recombinant F1-V Vaccine Increase Bacterial Opsonization In Vitro and Protect Mice from Pneumonic Plague
Sergei S. Biryukov, Hua Wu, Jennifer L. Dankmeyer, Nathaniel O. Rill, Christopher P. Klimko, Kristi A. Egland, Jennifer L. Shoe, Melissa Hunter, David P. Fetterer, Ju Qiu, Michael L. Davies, Christoph L. Bausch, Eddie J. Sullivan, Thomas Luke, Christopher
Antibodies.2023; 12(2): 33. CrossRef
A situation analysis of the current plague outbreak in the Demographic Republic of Congo and counteracting strategies – Correspondence
Ranjit Sah, Abdullah Reda, Rachana Mehta, Ranjan K. Mohapatra, Kuldeep Dhama
International Journal of Surgery.2022; 105: 106885. CrossRef
Antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: identification of bacterial DNA adenine methyltransferase as a novel drug target from hypothetical proteins using subtractive genomics
Umairah Natasya Mohd Omeershffudin, Suresh Kumar
Genomics & Informatics.2022; 20(4): e47. CrossRef

Original Articles

Perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to receive vaccination among health workers in Nigeria: Oluseyi Ademola Adejumo, Olorunfemi Akinbode Ogundele, Cynthia Roli Madubuko, Rosena Olubanke Oluwafemi, Ogochukwu Chinedum Okoye, Kenechukwu Chukwuemeka Okonkwo, Sunday Samson Owolade, Oladimeji Adedeji Junaid, Olutoyin Morenike Lawal, Adenike Christianah Enikuomehin, Maureen Iru Ntaji, Aisha Sokunbi, Aina Omodele Timothy, Olatunji Sunday Abolarin, Emmanuel Olalekan Ali, John Oghenevwirhe Ohaju-Obodo; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(4):236-243. Published online July 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0023

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Objectives
The study aimed to examine health workers’ perceptions of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in Nigeria and their willingness to receive the vaccine when it becomes available.
Methods
This multi-center cross-sectional study used non-probability convenience sampling to enroll 1,470 hospital workers aged 18 and above from 4 specialized hospitals. A structured and validated self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data entry and analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS ver. 22.0.
Results
The mean age of respondents was 40±6 years. Only 53.5% of the health workers had positive perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine, and only slightly more than half (55.5%) were willing to receive vaccination. Predictors of willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine included having a positive perception of the vaccine (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.50−5.69), perceiving a risk of contracting COVID-19 (AOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.25–3.98), having received tertiary education (AOR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.40−6.86), and being a clinical health worker (AOR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01−1.68).
Conclusion
Perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to receive the vaccine were sub-optimal among this group. Educational interventions to improve health workers' perceptions and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine are needed.

Citations

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Access to COVID-19 vaccines and testing in Africa: the importance of COVAX - Nigeria as a case study
Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell, Oyetunde Timothy Oyeyemi
Pathogens and Global Health.2023; 117(2): 152. CrossRef
Knowledge, attitudes, and factors determining the willingness for COVID-19 vaccination among students in Bangladesh: An online-based cross-sectional study
Ashis Talukder, Soheli Sharmin, Chuton Deb Nath, Iqramul Haq, Md. Ismail Hossain, Md. Jakaria Habib, Sabiha Shirin Sara
Journal of Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance prediction: The roles of students’ attitude towards science and mathematics and knowledge of COVID-19 pandemic
Sunday Ogbu, Ogochukwu Ebere Emenike, Amaka Loretta Nwankwo
Electronic Journal of Medical and Educational Tech.2023; 16(2): em2304. CrossRef
Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in Cameroon and Nigeria: a web-based cross-sectional study
Jerry Brown Aseneh, Valirie Ndip Agbor, Benjamin Momo Kadia, Elvis Anyaehiechukwu Okolie, Chinelo Janefrances Ofomata, Christie Linonge Etombi, Domin Sone M Ekaney, Yvonne Walburga Joko Fru
International Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Willingness to COVID-19 vaccination: Empirical evidence from EU
Imran Ur Rahman, Arslan Austin, Naveed Nelson
Heliyon.2023; 9(5): e15776. CrossRef
Radiographers’ knowledge, attitude and adherence to standard COVID-19 precautions and the policy implications: a national cross-sectional study in Nigeria
Charles Ikechukwu Ezema, Okechukwu Felix Erondu, Ogochukwu Kelechi Onyeso, Chiedozie James Alumona, Andrew Wueseter Ijever, Charity Ndidiamaka Amarachukwu, Amaeze Augustine Amaeze
Annals of Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
‘Why Should I Take the COVID-19 Vaccine after Recovering from the Disease?’ A Mixed-methods Study of Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability among Health Workers in Northern Nigeria
Zubairu Iliyasu, Muhammad R. Garba, Auwalu U. Gajida, Taiwo G. Amole, Amina A. Umar, Hadiza M. Abdullahi, Aminatu A. Kwaku, Hamisu M. Salihu, Muktar H. Aliyu
Pathogens and Global Health.2022; 116(4): 254. CrossRef
Suspecting the Figures: What Church Leaders Think About Government’s Commitment to Combating COVID-19 in Nigeria
Uchechukwu M. Agbo, George C. Nche
Journal of Asian and African Studies.2022; : 002190962110696. CrossRef
A Global Map of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Rates per Country: An Updated Concise Narrative Review
Malik Sallam, Mariam Al-Sanafi, Mohammed Sallam
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2022; Volume 15: 21. CrossRef
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception towards COVID-19 Vaccination among the Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in Turkey
Meliha Cagla Sonmezer, Taha Koray Sahin, Enes Erul, Furkan Sacit Ceylan, Muhammed Yusuf Hamurcu, Nihal Morova, Ipek Rudvan Al, Serhat Unal
Vaccines.2022; 10(2): 278. CrossRef
Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adults in Nigeria
Halimat Adedeji-Adenola, Olubusola A. Olugbake, Shakirat A. Adeosun, Ismaeel Yunusa
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(2): e0264371. CrossRef
Perception and Prevention Practices Relating to Covid 19 Infection Among Elderly in Ogun State, Nigeria
Adenitire G., Agbede C.O.
International Journal of Public Health and Pharmac.2022; 2(1): 29. CrossRef
Predicting nursing students' intention to attend face‐to‐face classes on school reopening: A theory of planned behavior application
Ryan Michael F. Oducado, Jerome V. Cleofas, Gil P. Soriano
Nursing Forum.2022; 57(5): 733. CrossRef
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Oluwatosin Olu-Abiodun, Olumide Abiodun, Ngozi Okafor, Nusirat Elelu
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(5): e0267691. CrossRef
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Martin Ackah, Louise Ameyaw, Mohammed Gazali Salifu, Delali Pearl Afi Asubonteng, Cynthia Osei Yeboah, Eugene Narkotey Annor, Eunice Abena Kwartemaa Ankapong, Hosea Boakye, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(5): e0268711. CrossRef
A national survey of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Nigeria
Ahmad Ibrahim Al-Mustapha, Ochulor Okechukwu, Ademola Olayinka, Oyeniyi Rasheed Muhammed, Muftau Oyewo, Samuel A. Owoicho, Ahmed Tijani Abubakar, Abdulsalam Olabisi, Aliyu Jibril, Simon Ereh, Oluwatosin Enoch Fakayode, Oluwaseun Adeolu Ogundijo, Nusirat E
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International Journal of Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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African Journal of AIDS Research.2022; 21(4): 306. CrossRef
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Grace Ben Inah, Samuel Archibong Efanga, Ekaete Vincent Ukpong, Christiana Ifeyinwa Obiora
Calabar Journal of Health Sciences.2022; 6: 80. CrossRef
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BMJ Open.2022; 12(12): e061732. CrossRef
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Vaccines.2021; 9(10): 1162. CrossRef

COVID-19 outbreak in a religious village community in Republic of Korea and risk factors for transmission: Jiae Shim, Eunju Lee, Eunyoung Kim, Yeonhwa Choi, Giseok Kang, Bryan Inho Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(2):110-118. Published online April 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0002

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Objectives
This study aimed to assess the scale and transmission patterns of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a religious village community in South Korea, to determine the risk factors of transmission, and to evaluate vaccine effectiveness.
Methods
An epidemiological survey was conducted, and data were collected and analyzed from 602 villagers in the religious village community. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for COVID-19 transmission and to evaluate vaccine effectiveness.
Results
The outbreak attack rate was 72.1% (434/602). The attack rate was high among women in their 60s, the unemployed, residents living near religious facility (<500 m), and the unvaccinated. Age, the distance between religious facility and residences, and the absence of vaccination were identified as risk factors for transmission. Vaccine effectiveness was 49.0%, and the highest effectiveness was seen in the age group of 59 years or younger (65.8%).
Conclusion
This village community was isolated, with little communication with the outside world. However, the frequency of close contact between residents was relatively high, contributing to the spread of COVID-19 in the village even with relatively short exposure. Vaccination rates in the village community were also lower than those in the general public. Public health authorities should consider the potential impact of cultural factors, including religion, that could lead to the exponential spread of COVID-19 in closed village communities.

Brief Report

Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: Distribution of Clades in the Republic of Korea in 2020: Ae Kyung Park, Il-Hwan Kim, Junyoung Kim, Jeong-Min Kim, Heui Man Kim, Chae young Lee, Myung-Guk Han, Gi-Eun Rhie, Donghyok Kwon, Jeong-Gu Nam, Young-Joon Park, Jin Gwack, Nam-Joo Lee, SangHee Woo, Jin Sun No, Jaehee Lee, Jeemin Ha, JeeEun Rhee, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Eun-Jin Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(1):37-43. Published online February 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.1.06

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17 Citations

Abstract PDF

Since a novel beta-coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019, there has been a rapid global spread of the virus. Genomic surveillance was conducted on samples isolated from infected individuals to monitor the spread of genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Korea. The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency performed whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in Korea for 1 year (January 2020 to January 2021). A total of 2,488 SARS-CoV-2 cases were sequenced (including 648 cases from abroad). Initially, the prevalent clades of SARS-CoV-2 were the S and V clades, however, by March 2020, GH clade was the most dominant. Only international travelers were identified as having G or GR clades, and since the first variant 501Y.V1 was identified (from a traveler from the United Kingdom on December 22^nd, 2020), a total of 27 variants of 501Y.V1, 501Y.V2, and 484K.V2 have been classified (as of January 25^th, 2021). The results in this study indicated that quarantining of travelers entering Korea successfully prevented dissemination of the SARS-CoV-2 variants in Korea.

Citations

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Rapid Emergence of the Omicron Variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Korea
Ae Kyung Park, Il-Hwan Kim, Chae Young Lee, Jeong-Ah Kim, Hyeokjin Lee, Heui Man Kim, Nam-Joo Lee, SangHee Woo, Jaehee Lee, JeeEun Rhee, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Eun-Jin Kim
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2023; 43(2): 211. CrossRef
A Seroprevalence Study on Residents in a Senior Care Facility with Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection
Heui Man Kim, Eun Ju Lee, Sang Won O, Yong Jun Choi, Hyeokjin Lee, Sae Jin Oh, Jeong-Min Kim, Ae Kyung Park, Jeong-Ah Kim, Chae young Lee, Jong Mu Kim, Hanul Park, Young Joon Park, Jeong-Hee Yu, Eun-Young Kim, Hwa-Pyeong Ko, Eun-Jin Kim
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Genomic evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection in the Republic of Korea
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Journal of Medical Virology.2022; 94(4): 1717. CrossRef
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.619 and B.1.620 Lineages, South Korea, 2021
Ae Kyung Park, Il-Hwan Kim, Heui Man Kim, Hyeokjin Lee, Nam-Joo Lee, Jeong-Ah Kim, SangHee Woo, Chae young Lee, Jaehee Lee, Sae Jin Oh, JeeEun Rhee, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Eun-Jin Kim
Emerging Infectious Diseases.2022; 28(2): 415. CrossRef
Humoral and Cellular Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Naïve and -Recovered Korean Individuals
Ji-Young Hwang, Yunhwa Kim, Kyung-Min Lee, Eun-Jeong Jang, Chang-Hoon Woo, Chang-Ui Hong, Seok-Tae Choi, Sivilay Xayaheuang, Jong-Geol Jang, June-Hong Ahn, Hosun Park
Vaccines.2022; 10(2): 332. CrossRef
Increase in Viral Load in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in the Republic of Korea
Jeong-Min Kim, Jee Eun Rhee, Myeongsu Yoo, Heui Man Kim, Nam-Joo Lee, Sang Hee Woo, Hye-Jun Jo, Donghyok Kwon, Sangwon Lee, Cheon Kwon Yoo, Eun-Jin Kim
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Dynamics Studies on the Structural Stability Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Including Multiple Mutants
Kwang-Eun Choi, Jeong-Min Kim, Jee Eun Rhee, Ae Kyung Park, Eun-Jin Kim, Cheon Kwon Yoo, Nam Sook Kang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(9): 4956. CrossRef
SARS-CoV-2 shedding dynamics and transmission in immunosuppressed patients
Jee-Soo Lee, Ki Wook Yun, Hyeonju Jeong, Boram Kim, Man Jin Kim, Jae Hyeon Park, Ho Seob Shin, Hyeon Sae Oh, Hobin Sung, Myung Gi Song, Sung Im Cho, So Yeon Kim, Chang Kyung Kang, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Wan Beom Park, Nam Joong Kim, Myoung-Don Oh, Eun Hwa Choi
Virulence.2022; 13(1): 1242. CrossRef
Immunological and Pathological Peculiarity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Beta Variant
Sunhee Lee, Gun Young Yoon, Su Jin Lee, Young-Chan Kwon, Hyun Woo Moon, Yu-Jin Kim, Haesoo Kim, Wooseong Lee, Gi Uk Jeong, Chonsaeng Kim, Kyun-Do Kim, Seong-Jun Kim, Dae-Gyun Ahn, Miguel Angel Martinez
Microbiology Spectrum.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical scoring system to predict viable viral shedding in patients with COVID-19
Sung Woon Kang, Heedo Park, Ji Yeun Kim, Sunghee Park, So Yun Lim, Sohyun Lee, Joon-Yong Bae, Jeonghun Kim, Seongman Bae, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Sung-Cheol Yun, Man-Seong Park, Sung-Han Kim
Journal of Clinical Virology.2022; 157: 105319. CrossRef
Model-informed COVID-19 exit strategy with projections of SARS-CoV-2 infections generated by variants in the Republic of Korea
Sung-mok Jung, Kyungmin Huh, Munkhzul Radnaabaatar, Jaehun Jung
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative analysis of mutational hotspots in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from different geographic origins
Sanghoo Lee, Mi-Kyeong Lee, Hyeongkyun Na, Jinwoo Ahn, Gayeon Hong, Youngkee Lee, Jimyeong Park, Yejin Kim, Yun-Tae Kim, Chang-Ki Kim, Hwan-Sub Lim, Kyoung-Ryul Lee
Gene Reports.2021; 23: 101100. CrossRef
Review of Current COVID-19 Diagnostics and Opportunities for Further Development
Yan Mardian, Herman Kosasih, Muhammad Karyana, Aaron Neal, Chuen-Yen Lau
Frontiers in Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Locally harvested Covid-19 convalescent plasma could probably help combat the geographically determined SARS-CoV-2 viral variants
Manish Raturi, Anuradha Kusum, Mansi Kala, Garima Mittal, Anita Sharma, Naveen Bansal
Transfusion Clinique et Biologique.2021; 28(3): 300. CrossRef
Molecular Dynamics Studies on the Structural Characteristics for the Stability Prediction of SARS-CoV-2
Kwang-Eun Choi, Jeong-Min Kim, JeeEun Rhee, Ae Kyung Park, Eun-Jin Kim, Nam Sook Kang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(16): 8714. CrossRef
Management following the first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 in a domestic cat associated with a massive outbreak in South Korea
Taewon Han, Boyeong Ryu, Suyeon Lee, Yugyeong Song, Yoongje Jeong, Ilhwan Kim, Jeongmin Kim, Eunjin Kim, Wonjun Lee, Hyunju Lee, Haekyoung Hwang
One Health.2021; 13: 100328. CrossRef
Genomic epidemiology reveals the reduction of the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 after implementing control strategies in Republic of Korea, 2020
Jung-Hoon Kwon, Jeong-Min Kim, Dong-hun Lee, Ae Kyung Park, Il-Hwan Kim, Da-Won Kim, Ji-Yun Kim, Noori Lim, Kyeong-Yeon Cho, Heui Man Kim, Nam-Joo Lee, SangHee Woo, Chae Young Lee, Jin Sun No, Junyoung Kim, JeeEun Rhee, Myung-Guk Han, Gi-Eun Rhie, Cheon K
Virus Evolution.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Effects of activities of daily living-based dual-task training on upper extremity function, cognitive function, and quality of life in stroke patients: Hee-Su An, Deok-Ju Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(5):304-313. Published online September 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0177

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of daily living dual-task training focused on improving attention and executive function of the upper extremities, cognitive function, and quality of life in stroke patients.
Methods
We included 30 stroke patients who were hospitalized between July 2020 and October 2020. They were divided into experimental and control groups through randomization. The experimental group performed 20 minutes of dual-task training and received 10 minutes of conventional occupational therapy, while the control group performed 20 minutes of single-task training and received 10 minutes of conventional occupational therapy. Both groups underwent their respective rehabilitation for 30 minutes per session, 5 times per week for 5 weeks.
Results
Both groups showed significant improvements in upper extremity function, cognitive function, and quality of life; the experimental group showed higher results for all items. A significant between-group difference was observed in the magnitude of the changes.
Conclusion
In stroke patients, dual-task training that combined attention and executive function with daily living activities was found to be meaningful, as it encouraged active participation and motivation. This study is expected to be used as a foundation for future interventions for stroke patients.

Citations

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Effect of Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation on Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease: An Observational Study
Valentina Varalta, Elisa Evangelista, Anna Righetti, Giovanni Morone, Stefano Tamburin, Alessandro Picelli, Cristina Fonte, Michele Tinazzi, Ilaria Antonella Di Vico, Andreas Waldner, Mirko Filippetti, Nicola Smania
Brain Sciences.2022; 12(12): 1684. CrossRef

Use of Menstrual Sanitary Products in Women of Reproductive Age: Korea Nurses’ Health Study: Hansol Choi, Nam-Kyoo Lim, Heeja Jung, Oksoo Kim, Hyun-Young Park; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(1):20-28. Published online February 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.1.04

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4 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives

The use of menstrual hygiene products and its effect on women’s health remains under studied. Patterns of menstrual hygiene product use and the rationale behind choices among Korean women aged 18–45 years were examined.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was a part of the Korea Nurses’ Health Study. A total of 20,613 nurses participated, and 8,658 nurses participated in Module 7 which included a menstrual hygiene products-related survey. The data were collected through the mobile survey using a self-reported questionnaire. Participants’ use of menstrual hygiene products and related characteristics were analyzed using frequency (percentage) or mean (SD).

Results

The most common types of menstrual hygiene products across all age groups were disposable menstrual pads (89.0%), followed by cloth menstrual pads (4.5%), tampons (4.2%), and only 1.6% used a menstrual cup. Disposable menstrual pads were the most common across all age groups, but in those aged under 30 years this was followed by tampon use (6%). The most important criteria when choosing a menstrual hygiene product was comfort for disposable menstrual pads (31.3%) and tampons (41.5%), natural ingredients or organic products for cloth menstrual pads (51.4%), and custom fit for the menstrual cup (50.7%). However, for all menstrual hygiene products (except cloth menstrual pads), there was a higher proportion of anxiety than perception of safety, and low awareness of toxic shock syndrome.

Conclusion

It is important for women to use menstrual hygiene products with confidence. More research is needed to better understand potential health effects of menstrual hygiene products.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Reusable period products: use and perceptions among young people in Victoria, Australia
Caitlin Ramsay, Julie Hennegan, Caitlin H. Douglass, Sarah Eddy, Alexandra Head, Megan S. C. Lim
BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Use and perceptions on reusable and non-reusable menstrual products in Spain: A mixed-methods study
Laura Medina-Perucha, Tomàs López-Jiménez, Anna Sofie Holst, Constanza Jacques-Aviñó, Jordina Munrós-Feliu, Cristina Martínez-Bueno, Carme Valls-Llobet, Diana Pinzón Sanabria, Mª Mercedes Vicente-Hernández, Anna Berenguera, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(3): e0265646. CrossRef
Women’s attitudes toward certification logos, labels, and advertisements for organic disposable sanitary pads: results from a multi-city cross-sectional survey
Hayeon Kim, Jinyoung Jung, Yun-Kyoung Song, Taegwon Chang, Sungmin Park, Jiwon Park, Kyungim Kim
BMC Women's Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Sanitation and hygiene practices of secondary school students from Mtwara town in Tanzania
Obadia Kyetuza Bishoge, Ademola Kabir Aremu, Dickson Dare Ajayi, Sayoki Godfrey Mfinanga
International Journal of Health Promotion and Educ.2022; : 1. CrossRef

Review Article

Social determinants of adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines: a comprehensive review: Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Yahya Salimi, Sina Ahmadi, Nader Rajabi-Gilan, Marzieh Shirazikhah, Akbar Biglarian, Ali Almasi, Mohammad Ali Mohammadi Gharehghani; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(6):346-360. Published online December 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0180

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11 Citations

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Adherence to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive guidelines (ACPG) is an important strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic effectively. The present study aimed to identify and summarize the social determinants of ACPG among the general population. A comprehensive review was performed from December 2019 to February 2021 through searching electronic databases. Two independent reviewers assessed and selected relevant studies. Next, the characteristics and main findings of the included studies were summarized. Finally, the World Health Organization’s conceptual framework of social determinants of health was used to synthesize the identified social determinants of ACPG. Forty-one of 453 retrieved articles met the inclusion criteria. The study results showed different patterns of ACPG among various communities. Furthermore, 84 social determinants were identified and categorized into structural and intermediary determinants. ACPG is a set of complex behaviors associated with different individual sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics; living and working conditions; COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions; exposure to sources and information level; leisure activities; social support; trust; social norms; psychosocial well-being; socio-economic position; and the socio-economic and political context. Interventions to promote ACPG among the general population should consider the identified social determinants of ACPG.

Citations

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Utilisation of rehabilitation due to mental disorders during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a difference-in-differences analysis
Matthias Bethge, David Fauser, Pia Zollmann, Marco Streibelt
BMC Psychiatry.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Perceptions about COVID-19 preventive measures among Ghanaian women
Frank Kyei-Arthur, Martin Wiredu Agyekum, Grace Frempong Afrifa-Anane, Reuben Tete Larbi, Peter Kisaakye, Dario Ummarino
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(4): e0284362. CrossRef
Cognitive and Emotional Motivation to Explain Infection-Prevention Behaviors with Social Support as a Mediator During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Korea
Myonghwa Park, Keunyeob Oh, Hyungjun Kim, Xing Fan, Thi-Thanh-Thnh Giap, Rhayun Song
Patient Preference and Adherence.2023; Volume 17: 1063. CrossRef
Factors Influencing COVID-19 Prevention Behavior: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Ernawaty Ernawaty, Nabilla Belqys Dherindri
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2023; 11(E): 191. CrossRef
Social Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Guidelines in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Sina Ahmadi, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Marzieh Shirazikhah, Akbar Biglarian, Seyed Fahim Irandoost, Toktam Paykani, Ali Almasi, Nader Rajabi-Gilan, Nafiul Mehedi, Yahya Salimi
INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, .2022; 59: 004695802210841. CrossRef
Determinants of observing health protocols related to preventing COVID-19 in adult women: A qualitative study in Iran
Javad Yoosefi Lebni, Saeede Pavee, Mandana Saki, Arash Ziapour, Ahmad Ahmadi, Mehdi Khezeli
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Adherence to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Preventive Measures in a Representative Sample of the Population of the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland
Audrey Butty, Nolwenn Bühler, Jérôme Pasquier, Julien Dupraz, Vincent Faivre, Sandrine Estoppey, Cloé Rawlinson, Semira Gonseth Nusslé, Murielle Bochud, Valérie D’Acremont
International Journal of Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Cognitive predictors of COVID-19 mitigation behaviors in vaccinated and unvaccinated general population members
Anna Hudson, Peter A. Hall, Sara C. Hitchman, Gang Meng, Geoffrey T. Fong
Vaccine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Quarantine preparedness – the missing factor in COVID-19 behaviour change? Qualitative insights from Australia
Angela Davis, Stephanie Munari, Joseph Doyle, Brett Sutton, Allen Cheng, Margaret Hellard, Lisa Gibbs
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for nine diseases in Iran: insight from an interrupted time series analysis
Sina Ahmadi, Ali Kazemi-Karyani, Nasim Badiee, Sarah Byford, Ali Mohammadi, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Satar Rezaei
Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Psychosocial Determinants of Hand Hygiene, Facemask Wearing, and Physical Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Wei Liang, Yanping Duan, Feifei Li, Ryan E Rhodes, Xiang Wang, Dehiwala Liyanage Ishanka Harshani Kusum Peiris, Lin Zhou, Borui Shang, Yide Yang, Julien S Baker, Jiao Jiao, Wei Han
Annals of Behavioral Medicine.2022; 56(11): 1174. CrossRef

Original Article

Analysis of pregnant women with critically severe COVID-19 in Republic of Korea from February 2020 and December 2021: Ji Joo Lee, Sang-Eun Lee, Yeonjung Kim, Young-Joon Park; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(2):129-137. Published online April 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0025

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Objectives
This study aimed to describe the characteristics and risk factors for severe disease in pregnant women infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the early days of the COVID-19 epidemic in Korea to the predominant period of the Delta variant.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 2020 and December 2021. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare severe and mild cases after adjusting for pregnant women’s age, nationality, infection route, outbreak area, infection period, symptoms, underlying disease, smoking status, trimester, and COVID-19 vaccination status.
Results
In total, 2,233 pregnant women were diagnosed with COVID-19 by December 2021. Among these, 96.7% had mild symptoms, 3.3% had severe symptoms, and 0.04% died. The risk factors for severe disease in pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 were being in the age group of 35 to 45 years, having hyperlipidemia, being in the second or third trimester of pregnancy at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis, being infected during the Delta-predominant period, and having a fever (≥38 °C) at diagnosis. Furthermore, 47.1% of patients in the mild group and 84.9% of patients in the severe group had 3 or more risk factors.
Conclusion
Pregnant women with COVID-19 mainly experienced mild symptoms, but those with risk factors were at a higher risk of developing severe symptoms. Therefore, treatment and follow-up management should be thoroughly implemented.

Review Article

Points to consider when developing drugs for dry eye syndrome: Suyoung Bae, Hosun Seung, Ho Jung Oh; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(2):70-75. Published online April 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0031

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Changes in both the social environment (e.g., the increased use of electronic media) and the atmospheric environment (e.g., air pollution and dust) have contributed to an increasing incidence of eye disease and an increased need for eye care. Notably, the signs and symptoms of dry eye syndrome can impact the daily quality of life for various age groups, including the elderly, and usually requires active treatment. The symptoms of dry eye syndrome include tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities. As treatments for dry eye are being developed, a standardized guideline is needed to increase the efficiency of drug development and improve the quality of clinical trial data. In this paper, we present general considerations for the pharmaceutical industry and clinical trial investigators designing clinical trials focused on the development of drugs to treat dry eye syndrome.

Original Articles

Risk factors for deaths associated with COVID-19 according to the cause of death classification in Republic of Korea: Na-Young Kim, Seong-Sun Kim, Hyun Ju Lee, Dong Hwi Kim, Boyeong Ryu, Eunjeong Shin, Donghyok Kwon; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(2):89-99. Published online April 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0312

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Objectives
This study aimed to classify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths according to whether COVID-19 was listed as the cause of death, and to investigate the differences in demographic characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 death classifications.
Methods
A total of 5,625 deaths in South Korea among patients with confirmed COVID-19 from January 20, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were selected. Excluding false reports and unnatural deaths, 5,597 deaths were analyzed. Based on death report data, deaths were classified according to whether the cause of death was listed as COVID-19 (CD) or not (NCD). The epidemiological characteristics and causes of deaths were investigated using descriptive, univariate, and multivariate statistical analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to analyze the risk factors.
Results
The case fatality ratio was 0.89% and increased with age. Additionally, 96.4% of the subjects had an underlying disease, and 53.4% died in winter. The proportion of NCDs was 9.3%, of whom 19.1% died at home and 39.0% were confirmed to have COVID-19 after death. Malignant neoplasms (102/416 vs. 637/4,442; OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.36−2.16; p<0.001) were significantly associated with NCD.
Conclusion
This is the first study to analyze risk factors by cause of death using COVID-19 death report data in South Korea. These results are expected to be used as evidence for establishing a death monitoring system that can collect timely information in a new infectious disease pandemic.

Estimated impact of the national hepatitis B immunization program on acute viral hepatitis B among adolescents in Republic of Korea: Chungman Chae, Sangwoo Tak; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(2):138-145. Published online March 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0321

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Objectives
We aimed to estimate the impact of the national hepatitis B immunization program on the incidence of acute hepatitis B infection among adolescents in South Korea.
Methods
We estimated the counterfactual incidence rate of reported acute hepatitis B among adolescents from 2016 to 2020 compared to the assumption that the national hepatitis B immunization program for children had not been implemented since 1995. The impact of the national hepatitis B immunization program for adolescents was measured by estimating the absolute risk reduction and averted acute hepatitis B infections among adolescents from 2016 to 2020 attributed to the national immunization program.
Results
The relative risk reduction of acute hepatitis B among adolescents was estimated to be 83.5% after implementing the national hepatitis B immunization program. The incidence rate of reported acute hepatitis B infections among adolescents decreased from 0.39 to 0.06 per 100,000 person-years, and 43 acute hepatitis B infections, including 17 symptomatic cases, were averted annually from 2016 to 2020 by the national hepatitis B immunization program.
Conclusion
The national hepatitis B immunization program for children was effective in preventing acute hepatitis B infection among adolescents in South Korea.

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