Coronaviruses, which have been known to cause diseases in animals since the 1930s, utilize cellular components during their replication cycle. Lipids play important roles in viral infection, as coronaviruses target cellular lipids and lipid metabolism to modify their host cells to become an optimal environment for viral replication. Therefore, lipids can be considered as potential targets for the development of antiviral agents. This review provides an overview of the roles of cellular lipids in different stages of the life cycle of coronaviruses.
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<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>The 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in Korea caused major economic and social problems. The control intervention was conducted during the MERS-CoV outbreak in Korea immediately after the confirmation of the index case. This study investigates whether the early risk communication with the general public and mass media is an effective preventive strategy.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered) model with estimated parameters for the time series data of the daily MERS-CoV incidence in Korea was considered from May to December 2015. For 10,000 stochastic simulations, the SEIR model was computed using the Gillespie algorithm. Depending on the time of control intervention on the 20th, 40th, and 60th days after the identification of the index case, the box plots of MERS-CoV incidences in Korea were computed, and the results were analyzed via ANOVA.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The box plots showed that there was a significant difference between the non-intervention and intervention groups (the 20th day, 40th day, and 60th day groups) and seemed to show no significant difference based on the time of intervention. However, the ANOVA revealed that early intervention was a good strategy to control the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Appropriate risk communication can secure the confidence of the general public in the public health authorities.</p></sec>
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Healthcare-associated infections: the hallmark of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus with review of the literature J.A. Al-Tawfiq, P.G. Auwaerter Journal of Hospital Infection.2019; 101(1): 20. CrossRef
Objectives
The outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in the Republic of Korea started from the index case who developed fever after returning from the Middle East. He infected 26 cases in Hospital C, and consecutive nosocomial transmission proceeded throughout the nation. We provide an epidemiologic description of the outbreak, as of July 2015. Methods
Epidemiological research was performed by direct interview of the confirmed patients and reviewing medical records. We also analyzed the incubation period, serial interval, the characteristics of superspreaders, and factors associated with mortality. Full genome sequence was obtained from sputum specimens of the index patient. Results
A total of 186 confirmed patients with MERS-CoV infection across 16 hospitals were identified in the Republic of Korea. Some 44.1% of the cases were patients exposed in hospitals, 32.8% were caregivers, and 13.4% were healthcare personnel. The most common presenting symptom was fever and chills. The estimated incubation period was 6.83 days and the serial interval was 12.5 days. A total of 83.2% of the transmission events were epidemiologically linked to five superspreaders, all of whom had pneumonia at presentation and contacted hundreds of people. Older age [odds ratio (OR) = 4.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.90–12.45] and underlying respiratory disease (OR = 4.90, 95% CI 1.64–14.65) were significantly associated with mortality. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the MERS-CoV of the index case clustered closest with a recent virus from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Conclusion
A single imported MERS-CoV infection case imposed a huge threat to public health and safety. This highlights the importance of robust preparedness and optimal infection prevention control. The lessons learned from the current outbreak will contribute to more up-to-date guidelines and global health security.
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Viral RNA in Blood as Indicator of Severe Outcome in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection So Yeon Kim, Sun Jae Park, Sook Young Cho, Ran-hui Cha, Hyeon-Gun Jee, Gayeon Kim, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Yeonjae Kim, Yu Mi Jung, Jeong-Sun Yang, Sung Soon Kim, Sung Im Cho, Man Jin Kim, Jee-Soo Lee, Seung Jun Lee, Soo Hyun Seo, Sung Sup Park, Moon-Woo Seong Emerging Infectious Diseases.2016; 22(10): 1813. CrossRef
Transmissibility of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome by the Airborne Route Myoung-don Oh Clinical Infectious Diseases.2016; 63(8): 1143. CrossRef
Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in the Republic of Korea Won Suk Choi, Cheol-In Kang, Yonjae Kim, Jae-Phil Choi, Joon Sung Joh, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Gayeon Kim, Kyong Ran Peck, Doo Ryeon Chung, Hye Ok Kim, Sook Hee Song, Yang Ree Kim, Kyung Mok Sohn, Younghee Jung, Ji Hwan Bang, Nam Joong Kim, Kkot Sil Lee, Hye Wo Infection & Chemotherapy.2016; 48(2): 118. CrossRef
Predictors of MERS-CoV infection: A large case control study of patients presenting with ILI at a MERS-CoV referral hospital in Saudi Arabia Hamzah A. Mohd, Ziad A. Memish, Sarah H. Alfaraj, Donna McClish, Talal Altuwaijri, Marzouqah S. Alanazi, Saleh A. Aloqiel, Ahmed M. Alenzi, Fahad Bafaqeeh, Amal M. Mohamed, Kamel Aldosari, Sameeh Ghazal Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.2016; 14(5): 464. CrossRef
Surveillance of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV) infection in healthcare workers after contact with confirmed MERS patients: incidence and risk factors of MERS-CoV seropositivity C.-J. Kim, W.S. Choi, Y. Jung, S. Kiem, H.Y. Seol, H.J. Woo, Y.H. Choi, J.S. Son, K.-H. Kim, Y.-S. Kim, E.S. Kim, S.H. Park, J.H. Yoon, S.-M. Choi, H. Lee, W.S. Oh, S.-Y. Choi, N.-J. Kim, J.-P. Choi, S.Y. Park, J. Kim, S.J. Jeong, K.S. Lee, H.C. Jang, J.Y Clinical Microbiology and Infection.2016; 22(10): 880. CrossRef
Clinical determinants of the severity of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): a systematic review and meta-analysis Ryota Matsuyama, Hiroshi Nishiura, Satoshi Kutsuna, Kayoko Hayakawa, Norio Ohmagari BMC Public Health.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Presentation and outcome of Middle East respiratory syndrome in Saudi intensive care unit patients Ghaleb A. Almekhlafi, Mohammed M. Albarrak, Yasser Mandourah, Sahar Hassan, Abid Alwan, Abdullah Abudayah, Sultan Altayyar, Mohamed Mustafa, Tareef Aldaghestani, Adnan Alghamedi, Ali Talag, Muhammad K. Malik, Ali S. Omrani, Yasser Sakr Critical Care.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Passive Transfer of A Germline-like Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects Transgenic Mice Against Lethal Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Anurodh Shankar Agrawal, Tianlei Ying, Xinrong Tao, Tania Garron, Abdullah Algaissi, Yanping Wang, Lili Wang, Bi-Hung Peng, Shibo Jiang, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Chien-Te K. Tseng Scientific Reports.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Sonja A. Rasmussen, Amelia K. Watson, David L. Swerdlow, W. Michael Scheld, James M. Hughes, Richard J. Whitley Microbiology Spectrum.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Diabetes in the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Alaa Badawi, Seung Gwan Ryoo Journal of Public Health Research.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
From plague to MERS: coordinating Australia’s response to emerging infectious diseases Jenny Firman, Stephanie Williams, Chris Baggoley Public Health Research and Practice.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Children Hyunju Lee, Mi Seon Han Pediatric Infection and Vaccine.2015; 22(3): 143. CrossRef
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in Korea, 2015 Eun Hwa Choi Pediatric Infection and Vaccine.2015; 22(3): 131. CrossRef
Two Epidemics and Global Health Security Agenda Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(6): S1. CrossRef
Global Health Security: The Lessons from the West African Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic and MERS Outbreak in the Republic of Korea GHSA Preparation Task Force Team Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(6): S25. CrossRef
Clinical imaging research of the first Middle East respiratory syndrome in China Bowen Lan, Puxuan Lu, Yujing Zeng, Xin Li, Xiaxing Ou, Jingjing Li, Hongjun Li Radiology of Infectious Diseases.2015; 2(4): 173. CrossRef
REMOVED: Editorial Hae-Wol Cho Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(4): 219. CrossRef
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