<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>Over the past few decades, the prevalence of cesarean sections (CS) have risen dramatically worldwide, particularly in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CS in Tehran, and to examine the associated risk factors.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>A cross-sectional study of 4,308 pregnant women with singleton live-births in Tehran, Iran, between July 6–21, 2015 was performed. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed using demographic and obstetrical variables at the first level, and hospitals as a variable at the second level.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>The incidence of CS was 72.0%. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between CS and the mother’s age, socioeconomic status, body mass index, parity, type of pregnancy, preeclampsia, infant height, and baby’s head circumference. The intra-class correlation using the second level variable, the hospital was 0.292, indicating approximately 29.2% of the total variation in the response variable accounted for by the hospital.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The incidence of CS was substantially higher than other countries. Therefore, educational and psychological interventions are necessary to reduce CS rates amongst pregnant Iranian women.</p></sec>
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Development and clinical application of an intrapartum ultrasound-based predictive model for cesarean section conversion in nulliparous women following unsuccessful vaginal delivery attempts: A single-center retrospective study Zhanpeng Yu, Shunlan Du, Lili Xu, Yun Cheng, Feijun Hu, Qiaoyang Xu Medicine.2026; 105(1): e46879. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Pain Relief in Procedures Related to Obstetrics and Gynaecology: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Jhia Jiat Teh, Filipa Campos, Adam Koczoski, Trisha Valencia, Michael P. Rimmer, Bassel H. Al Wattar BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gyn.2026; 133(7): 1358. CrossRef
Prevalence and factors associated with caesarean section among Tanzanian women of reproductive age: evidence from the 2022 Tanzania demographic and health survey data Bonfils Nahayo, Gbenga Olorunfemi, Samuel Ndayishimye, Charles Nsanzabera BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
What factors shape an individual’s probability to be enrolled in a professionally-managed community-based health insurance? Results from a cross-sectional case-control study in two districts in Mali Hamidou Niangaly, Manuella De Allegri, Laurence Touré, Dansiné Diarra, Valéry Ridde, Ama Pokuaa Fenny, PLOS Global Public Health.2025; 5(7): e0004892. CrossRef
Associations between maternal overweight and obesity with cesarean section delivery in Middle East and North Africa region: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and attributable risk Basem Al-Omari, Zufishan Alam, Joviana Farhat, Salma Abdelrahman Mohamed, Sumyia Mehrin, Linda Östlundh, Mohammed Altigani Abdalla, Rami H. Al-Rifai Systematic Reviews.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Determinants of cesarean mode of childbirth among Rwandan women of childbearing age: Evidence from the 2019–2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) Nsereko Etienne, Uwase Aline, Mpinganzima Ornella, Usanzineza Henriette, Niyitegeka Jean Pierre, Turabayo Jean Léonard, Mwiseneza Marie Josee, Mugeni Girimpundu Candide, Moreland Patricia Public Health Challenges.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Associated with Cesarean Section in Preterm Births at a Tertiary Hospital in Rasht, Iran Forozan Milani, Seyedeh Hajar Sharami, Seyedeh Maryam Attari, Zahra Rafiee Sorouri, Sara Farzadi, Soodabeh Kazemi Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Scienc.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Virtual Reality, Fear of Pain and Labor Pain Intensity: A Randomized Controlled Trial Halimeh Mohammadi, Javad Rasti, Elham Ebrahimi Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Cesarean Section at Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation, Guyana: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study Gary Joseph, Cecil Boston, Gbenankpon Mathias Houvessou Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics.2023; 13(03): 29. CrossRef
The double burden of maternal overweight and short stature and the likelihood of cesarean deliveries in South Asia: An analysis of national datasets from Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan Mosiur Rahman, Syed Emdadul Haque, Md. Jahirul Islam, Nguyen Huu Chau, Izzeldin Fadl Adam, Md. Nuruzzaman Haque Birth.2022; 49(4): 661. CrossRef
Geospatial analysis of cesarean section in Iran (2016–2020): exploring clustered patterns and measuring spatial interactions of available health services Alireza Mohammadi, Elahe Pishgar, Zahra Salari, Behzad Kiani BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors associated with cesarean delivery in Bangladesh: A multilevel modeling Md. Akhtarul Islam, Mst. Tanmin Nahar, Md. Ashfikur Rahman, Sutapa Dey Barna, S.M. Farhad Ibn Anik Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare.2022; 34: 100792. CrossRef
The Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised Indicator (BSS-RI): a validation study in Iranian mothers Reza Omani-Samani, Caroline J. Hollins Martin, Colin R. Martin, Saman Maroufizadeh, Azadeh Ghaheri, Behnaz Navid The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine.2021; 34(11): 1827. CrossRef
The effect of familiarization with preoperative care on anxiety and vital signs in the patient’s cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial Mehrnush Mostafayi, Behzad Imani, Shirdel Zandi, Faeze Jongi European Journal of Midwifery.2021; 5(June): 1. CrossRef
Dynamic prediction of liver cirrhosis risk in chronic hepatitis B patients using longitudinal clinical data Ying Wang, Xiang-Yong Li, Li-Li Wu, Xiao-Yan Zheng, Yu Deng, Meng-Jie Li, Xu You, Yu-Tian Chong, Yuan-Tao Hao European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2020; 32(1): 120. CrossRef
Factors Contributing to Iranian Pregnant Women’s Tendency to Choice Cesarean Section Soraya Nouraei Motlagh, Zahra Asadi-piri, Razyeh Bajoulvand, Fatemeh Seyed Mohseni, Katayoun Bakhtiar, Mehdi Birjandi, Maryam Mansouri Medical - Surgical Nursing Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Trends and correlates of cesarean section rates over two decades in Nepal Aliza K. C. Bhandari, Bibha Dhungel, Mahbubur Rahman BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The potential beneficial effects of education and familiarity with cesarean section procedure and the operating room environment on promotion of anxiety and pain intensity: A randomized controlled clinical trial Jamshid Eslami, Neda Hatami, Azadeh Amiri, Marzieh Akbarzadeh Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Symptoms of Discomfort and Problems Associated with Mode of Delivery During the Puerperium: An Observational Study Juan Miguel Martínez-Galiano, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Julián Rodríguez-Almagro, Antonio Hernández-Martínez International Journal of Environmental Research an.2019; 16(22): 4564. CrossRef
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal death and the second biggest cause of death in children under five years of age. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of PTB and its associated factors using logistic regression and decision tree classification methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4,415 pregnant women in Tehran, Iran, from July 6–21, 2015. Data were collected by a researcher-developed questionnaire through interviews with mothers and review of their medical records. To evaluate the accuracy of the logistic regression and decision tree methods, several indices such as sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The PTB rate was 5.5% in this study. The logistic regression outperformed the decision tree for the classification of PTB based on risk factors. Logistic regression showed that multiple pregnancies, mothers with preeclampsia, and those who conceived with assisted reproductive technology had an increased risk for PTB (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Identifying and training mothers at risk as well as improving prenatal care may reduce the PTB rate. We also recommend that statisticians utilize the logistic regression model for the classification of risk groups for PTB.</p></sec>
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Machine learning to predict adverse perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis Jingqi Zhang, Nadia Daniel, Agnese Tiranti, Xuan Li, Abigail Robinson, Shishir Rao, Marian Knight, Joris Hemelaar eClinicalMedicine.2026; 98: 104138. CrossRef
Maternal risk factors associated with the birth of preterm infants in the West of Iran: a matched case-control study Leila Jafarpour, Nasrin Galehdar, Yaser Mokhayeri, Kowsar Qaderi, Mahmood Fakhri BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
An Innovative Machine Learning-Based Algorithm for Diagnosing Pediatric Ovarian Torsion Asya Eylem Boztas, Efe Sencan, Ayse Demet Payza, Arzu Sencan Journal of Pediatric Surgery.2025; 60(9): 162417. CrossRef
Effect Of Non-Oral Stimulation With Field Massage On The Time Of Onset And Achievement Of Independent Oral Feeding And Weight GainIn Premature Infants Naghmeh Razaghi, najmeh zabihi torbati, hamidreza behnam vashani, mohammad Heidarzadeh Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medi.2024; 29(5): 88. CrossRef
Application of data mining combined with power data in assessment and prevention of regional atmospheric pollution Qichun Xu, Liang Ning, Tianmeng Yuan, Haotian Wu Energy Reports.2023; 9: 3397. CrossRef
Associations Among Multimorbid Conditions in Hospitalized Middle-aged and Older Adults in China: Statistical Analysis of Medical Records Yan Zhang, Chao Chen, Lingfeng Huang, Gang Liu, Tingyu Lian, Mingjuan Yin, Zhiguang Zhao, Jian Xu, Ruoling Chen, Yingbin Fu, Dongmei Liang, Jinmei Zeng, Jindong Ni JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2022; 8(11): e38182. CrossRef
Iranian midwives’ awareness and performance of respectful maternity care during labor and childbirth Simin Haghdoost, Fatemeh Abdi, Azam Amirian European Journal of Midwifery.2021; 5(December): 1. CrossRef
Maternal predictive factors for preterm birth: A case–control study in Southern Iran Azin Alavi, Parisa Razmjoue, Ali Safari-Moradabadi, Sakineh Dadipoor, Saeideh Shahsavari Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A diagnostic profile on the PartoSure test Safoura Rouholamin, Maryam Razavi, Mahroo Rezaeinejad, Mahdi Sepidarkish Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics.2020; 20(12): 1163. CrossRef
Comparison of Multivariable Logistic Regression and Other Machine Learning Algorithms for Prognostic Prediction Studies in Pregnancy Care: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Herdiantri Sufriyana, Atina Husnayain, Ya-Lin Chen, Chao-Yang Kuo, Onkar Singh, Tso-Yang Yeh, Yu-Wei Wu, Emily Chia-Yu Su JMIR Medical Informatics.2020; 8(11): e16503. CrossRef
Analysis of Spontaneous Preterm Labor and Birth and Its Major Causes Using Artificial Neural Network Yun-Sook Kim Journal of Korean Medical Science.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
A systematic review shows no performance benefit of machine learning over logistic regression for clinical prediction models Evangelia Christodoulou, Jie Ma, Gary S. Collins, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Jan Y. Verbakel, Ben Van Calster Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2019; 110: 12. CrossRef
Comparison of three data mining models for prediction of advanced schistosomiasis prognosis in the Hubei province Guo Li, Xiaorong Zhou, Jianbing Liu, Yuanqi Chen, Hengtao Zhang, Yanyan Chen, Jianhua Liu, Hongbo Jiang, Junjing Yang, Shaofa Nie, Michael French PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(2): e0006262. CrossRef
Algorithm on age partitioning for estimation of reference intervals using clinical laboratory database exemplified with plasma creatinine Xiaoxia Peng, Yaqi Lv, Guoshuang Feng, Yaguang Peng, Qiliang Li, Wenqi Song, Xin Ni Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM).2018; 56(9): 1514. CrossRef
First
Prev
