<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>The genus <italic>Shigella</italic> comprises the most infectious and diarrheagenic bacteria causing severe diseases, mostly in children under five years of age. This study aimed to detect nine virulence genes (<italic>ipaBCD</italic>, <italic>VirA</italic>, <italic>sen</italic>, <italic>set1A</italic>, <italic>set1B</italic>, <italic>ial</italic>, <italic>ipaH</italic>, <italic>stx</italic>, and <italic>sat</italic>) in <italic>Shigella</italic> species (spp.) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) and to determine the relation of <italic>Shigella</italic> spp. from pediatric diarrheal samples with hospitalization and bloody diarrhea in Tehran, Iran.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p><italic>Shigella</italic> spp. were isolated and identified using standard microbiological and serological methods. The virulence genes were detected using MPCR.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Seventy-five <italic>Shigella</italic> spp. (40 <italic>S. sonnei</italic>, 33 <italic>S. flexneri</italic>, 1 <italic>S. dysenteriae</italic>, and 1 <italic>S. boydii</italic>) were isolated in this study. The prevalence of <italic>ial</italic>, <italic>sen</italic>, <italic>sat</italic>, <italic>set1A</italic>, and <italic>set1B</italic> was 74.7%, 45.4%, 28%, 24%, and 24%, respectively. All <italic>S. flexneri</italic> isolates, while no <italic>S. sonnei</italic>, <italic>S. dysenteriae</italic>, or <italic>S. boydii</italic> isolates, contained <italic>sat</italic>, <italic>set1A</italic>, and <italic>set1B</italic>. All isolates were positive for <italic>ipaH</italic>, <italic>ipaBCD</italic>, and <italic>virA</italic>, while one (1.4%) of the isolates contained <italic>stx</italic>. The highest prevalence of virulence determinants was found in <italic>S. flexneri</italic> serotype IIa. Nineteen (57.6%) of 33 <italic>S. flexneri</italic> isolates were positive for <italic>ipaBCD</italic>, <italic>ipaH</italic>, <italic>virA</italic>, <italic>ial</italic>, and <italic>sat</italic>. The <italic>sen</italic> determinants were found to be statistically significantly associated with hospitalization and bloody diarrhea (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>This study revealed a high prevalence of enterotoxin genes in <italic>S. flexneri</italic>, especially in serotype 2a, and has presented relations between a few clinical features of shigellosis and numerous virulence determinants of clinical isolates of <italic>Shigella</italic> spp.</p></sec>
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Objectives
Gastrointestinal tract infection is still one of the serious public health problems in many geographic areas and is endemic in most countries including Iran. Early detection of the gastrointestinal tract pathogens can be extremely important. The aim of the current study was to apply a shortened time-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for rapid and simultaneous detection of <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Shigella</i> spp., and <i>Vibrio cholera</i>. Methods
The standard and clinical strains of <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Shigella</i> spp., and <i>V. cholerae</i> were used in the assay. Multiplex PCR was performed and optimized based on amplification of <i>invA</i>, putative integrase, and <i>ompW</i> genes for detecting <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Shigella</i> spp., and <i>V. cholerae</i>, respectively. The specificity of the assay was evaluated by testing 12 different bacterial species. Results
Only <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Shigella</i> spp., and <i>V. cholerae</i> strains had positive results when subjected to the assay using multiplex PCR. The assay showed a high sensitivity, and no amplification products were observed in multiplex PCR with any of the other microorganisms. Conclusion
Our study indicated that the <i>invA</i>, putative integrase, and <i>ompW</i>-based multiplex PCR assay appears to be an efficient method for rapid and simultaneous detection of <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Shigella</i> spp., and <i>V. cholerae.</i>
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