Objectives Neck circumference is associated with a distinctive fat storage process that confers additional metabolic risk. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between baseline neck circumference and the incidence of cerebrovascular disease using a prospective community-based sample of Korean adults over 12 years of follow-up, after controlling for selected covariates. Methods: Participants with non-cerebrovascular disease were divided into 4 groups (Q1–Q4) based on their baseline neck circumference. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the relationship between neck circumference and cerebrovascular disease incidence over a 12-year period. Results: Among this study’s 3,662 participants, 128 (3.50%) developed cerebrovascular disease. The incidence of cerebrovascular disease increased from 2.2% in Q1 to 4.3% in Q2, 2.5% in Q3, and 5.0% in Q4. When compared to Q1, the relative risks of cerebrovascular disease development were 0.57 (95% CI, 0.25–1.31), 0.86 (95% CI, 0.38–1.96), and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.30–2.07) in man and 1.86 (95% CI, 0.66–5.20), 3.50 (95% CI, 1.25–9.86), and 4.71 (95% CI, 1.50–14.77) in woman in Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively, after adjusting for most risk factors related to cerebrovascular disease. Conclusion: The relationship between neck circumference and cerebrovascular disease was stronger in woman than in man, indicating potential differences between the sexes. These results are meaningful for evaluating and surveilling neck circumference as a promising tool for identifying subgroups of vulnerable and at-risk populations.
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<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>This study examined the mediating effects of basic psychological needs between patient autonomy support from healthcare providers, and self-management among cancer survivors.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>This study collected data from 148 cancer patients who had visited D hospitals in B city, Korea. A structured questionnaire was distributed to determine patient characteristics, healthcare provider autonomy support, basic psychological needs, and self-management. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and regression analysis that implemented Baron and Kenny’s method for mediation were used for analyses.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Self-management was significantly correlated with the level of healthcare provider autonomy support (r = 0.38, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001), autonomy (r = 0.40, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001), competence (r = 0.25, <italic>p</italic> = 0.002), and relatedness (r = 0.32, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001). Furthermore, autonomy (β = 0.30, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001) and relatedness (β = 0.22, <italic>p</italic> = 0.008) had partial mediating effects on the relationship between healthcare provider autonomy support and self-management (Z = 3.13, <italic>p</italic> = 0.002 and Z = 2.29, <italic>p</italic> = 0.022, respectively).</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Autonomy and relatedness mediated the impact of healthcare provider autonomy support for self-management among cancer survivors. This suggests that strategies for enhancing autonomy and relatedness should be considered when developing self-management interventions for cancer survivor patients.</p></sec>
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<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>This study was conducted to evaluate whether a “smoking cessation intervention” education program based on blended learning, was effective in improving nursing students’ perceived competence and motivation to perform a smoking cessation intervention for smokers.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>A quasi-experimental, pretest–posttest design was conducted. The smoking cessation intervention education program based on blended learning, was administered to the experimental group (<italic>n</italic> = 23) in 5 sessions, consisting of 2 courses of an e-learning program and 1 course of a face-to-face learning program per session. The control group (<italic>n</italic> = 21) received the opportunity to participate in an e-learning program as well as receiving material of a face-to-face learning program, after completion of the smoking cessation intervention education program.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>The experimental group showed significant differences in autonomous motivation (<italic>t</italic> = −6.982, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001), controlled motivation (<italic>t</italic> = −3.729, <italic>p</italic> = 0.001), and perceived competence compared to the control group (<italic>t</italic> = −3.801, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001).</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>This study showed that a smoking cessation intervention education program adopting blended learning, was significantly effective in enhancing nursing students’ autonomous motivation and perceived competence to conduct a smoking cessation intervention. Further studies are needed to confirm longitudinal effects of this program.</p></sec>
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<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>This study aimed to investigate factors affecting sarcopenia in different age groups among Korean adults aged 20 years or older.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>In this secondary analysis, data were collected from records for 17,968, participants who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2008–2011. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression to determine the associated factors of sarcopenia by age groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The prevalence of sarcopenia increased significantly with age. Physical activity, blood pressure, waist circumference, triglycerides, vitamin D level were found to be factors significantly associated with sarcopenia in all age groups. Total energy intake was found to be a factor that is significantly associated with sarcopenia among the adults aged 20–39 years. Fasting glucose, suicidal ideation, perceived health status, mobility problem, pain/discomfort, total energy intake were found to be factors associated with sarcopenia in the adults aged 40–64 years. Sex, residential area, smoking, drinking, fasting glucose, osteoarthritis, fall experience, usual activity problem, protein intake were factors associated with sarcopenia in the adults over 65 years of age.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The findings show that sarcopenia in adults and the associated factors were different by age groups. Thus, these factors should be considered in the development of intervention programs for the care and prevention of sarcopenia, and such programs should be modified according to different age groups.</p></sec>
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Objectives
Nurses have been identified as an instrumental partner in tobacco reduction. This study aimed to examine factors affecting Korean nurses' intention to implement smoking cessation intervention in Busan, Korea. Methods
The participants were a total of 215 Korean registered nurses. A self-administered questionnaire evaluated predisposing factors, motivational factors (attitude, social influence, and self-efficacy) and intention to implement smoking cessation intervention. Data were analyzed by <i>t</i> tests, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results
The mean age of the participants was 28.12 ± 5.72 years. The majority of the participants were staff nurses (85.6%), and 64.2% of the sample had < 5 years of work experience. Significant predictors of intention to implement smoking cessation intervention included perceived barrier of smoking cessation intervention (β = −0.128, <i>p</i> = 0.023), willingness to receive smoking cessation training (β = 0.123, <i>p</i> = 0.034), more positive attitude (β = 0.203, <i>p</i> = 0.002), higher social influence (β = 0.292, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and higher self-efficacy toward smoking cessation intervention (β = 0.151, <i>p</i> = 0.021), which explained 45% of the total variance of intention to implement smoking cessation intervention. Conclusion
Attitude, social influence, and self-efficacy towards smoking cessation intervention had a significant positive influence in determining the intention to implement smoking cessation intervention. These findings can be used to develop evidence-based smoking cessation training programs for nurses in Korea. The programs should aim for positive attitude, higher social influence, and higher self-efficacy in hospital settings.
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