Objectives
<i>Candida glabrata</i> has become one of the most common causes of <i>Candida</i> bloodstream infections worldwide. Some strains of <i>C. glabrata</i> may be intermediately resistant to all azoles. The several possible mechanisms of azole resistance have been reported previously, but the exact resistant mechanism is not clear. In this study, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of fluconazole-resistant <i>C. glabrata</i> and compared the gene expression of fluconazole-resistant strains with that of fluconazole-susceptible strains to identify gene corresponding to fluconazole resistance. Methods
Using antifungal susceptibility test, several <i>C. glabrata</i> strains were selected and used for further study. The expression of <i>CgCDR1</i> and <i>CgCDR2</i> genes was investigated by slot hybridization against fluconazole-susceptible, -resistant, and resistant-induced strains. In addition, <i>ERG3</i> and <i>ERG11</i> genes were sequenced to analyze DNA base substitution. DEGs were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using DEG kit composed of 120 random primers. Results
In slot hybridization, <i>CgCDR1</i> gene was expressed more than <i>CgCDR2</i> gene in resistant strains. Though base substitution of <i>ERG11</i> and <i>ERG3</i> genes was observed in several base sequences, just one amino acid change was identified in resistant strain. In the results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 44 genes were upregulated and 34 genes were downregulated. Among them, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter-related genes, fatty acid desaturase, lyase, and hypothetical protein genes were upregulated and aldehyde dehydrogenase, oxidoreductase, and prohibitin-like protein genes were downregulated. Other DEGs were also identified. Conclusion
This study showed that <i>CgCDR1</i> gene was more closely related to fluconazole resistance of <i>C. glabrata</i> than <i>CgCDR2</i> gene. In addition, several other genes related with fluconazole resistance of <i>C. glabrata</i> were identified.
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