Figure 1Research model. IT, information technology.
Table 1Background information of respondents
Variable |
Hospital A (n = 205) |
Hospital B (n = 191) |
Hospital C (n = 187) |
Hospital D (n = 196) |
Location |
Seoul |
Seoul |
Gyeonggi-do |
Seoul |
Public verse private |
Private sector |
Private sector |
Public sector |
Private sector |
Hospital history (y) |
25 more |
130 more |
10 more |
20 more |
No. of employees |
Around 7,600 |
Around 6,000 |
Around 3,000 |
7,500 more |
No. of beds |
2,600 more |
1,700 more |
1,200 more |
1,900 more |
Table 2Results of factor analysis of constructs
Constructs |
Factors |
Cronbach’s α |
Factor loading |
Organizational structure |
Decentralization |
0.574 |
0.689 |
|
Formalization |
|
0.770 |
|
Centralization |
|
0.614 |
Leadership |
Strong will for KM |
0.911 |
0.798 |
|
Creative environment support |
|
0.789 |
|
Material support |
|
0.787 |
IT systems |
Distinguished IT systems |
0.917 |
0.685 |
|
Support for policy and administration |
|
0.690 |
|
Utilization for decision-making and work |
|
0.692 |
Learning |
Continuing study of the learning process |
0.888 |
0.807 |
|
Wide variety of education and training |
|
0.730 |
|
Encourage the creativity |
|
0.724 |
Truth |
Openness |
0.910 |
0.822 |
|
Reliability |
|
0.802 |
|
Belief |
|
0.786 |
Collaboration |
Knowledge exchange |
0.911 |
0.880 |
|
Mutual exchange in emergency situations |
|
0.894 |
|
Reciprocity |
|
0.837 |
Knowledge creation |
Try knowledge creation |
0.884 |
0.877 |
|
Develop knowledge creation |
|
0.732 |
|
Create new knowledge |
|
0.855 |
Knowledge storage |
Store knowledge |
0.887 |
0.890 |
|
Classify knowledge |
|
0.747 |
|
Accumulate knowledge |
|
0.824 |
Knowledge sharing |
Share knowledge |
0.884 |
0.754 |
|
Share rearranged knowledge |
|
0.616 |
|
Share new knowledge |
|
0.737 |
Knowledge application |
Apply knowledge |
0.876 |
0.831 |
|
Apply new knowledge to real work |
|
0.722 |
|
Apply knowledge to other work |
|
0.776 |
Table 3Results of knowledge management (KM) research (multiple answers)
Classification |
Hospital A |
Hospital B |
Hospital C |
Hospital D |
Total |
Knowledge existence |
Cabinet & files of document |
47 (22.9) |
47 (24.6) |
35 (18.7) |
44 (22.4) |
173 (22.2) |
Individual brain |
123 (60.0) |
126 (66.0) |
109 (58.3) |
103 (52.6) |
461 (59.2) |
Groupware |
92 (44.9) |
73 (38.2) |
92 (49.2) |
75 (38.3) |
332 (42.6) |
Knowledge network system |
55 (26.8) |
50 (26.2) |
49 (26.2) |
62 (31.6) |
216 (27.7) |
Personal computer |
73 (35.6) |
52 (27.2) |
73 (39.0) |
73 (37.2) |
271 (34.8) |
Barriers to KM |
Unacceptable culture about creativity |
81 (39.5) |
76 (39.8) |
55 (29.4) |
60 (30.6) |
272 (34.9) |
Absence of collaborative culture |
124 (60.5) |
106 (55.5) |
104 (55.6) |
118 (60.2) |
452 (58.0) |
Rigid culture |
40 (19.5) |
49 (25.7) |
38 (20.3) |
36 (18.4) |
163 (20.9) |
Lack of time |
93 (45.4) |
108 (56.5) |
69 (36.9) |
102 (52.0) |
372 (47.8) |
Lack of enthusiasm for learning |
155 (75.6) |
145 (75.9) |
158 (84.5) |
141 (71.9) |
599 (76.9) |
Distrust and lack of trust |
29 (14.1) |
42 (22.0) |
30 (16.0) |
28 (14.3) |
129 (16.6) |
Ways to inspire KM |
Clear vision and consistent impulse |
100 (48.8) |
93 (48.7) |
94 (50.3) |
101 (51.5) |
388 (49.8) |
Professional workforce & budget allocation |
82 (40.0) |
85 (44.5) |
77 (41.2) |
78 (39.8) |
322 (41.3) |
Knowledge-friendly organizational culture |
59 (28.8) |
88 (46.1) |
71 (38.0) |
66 (33.7) |
284 (36.5) |
Objective & fair rewards |
75 (36.6) |
77 (40.3) |
84 (44.9) |
85 (43.4) |
321 (41.2) |
The control of knowledge contents |
78 (38.0) |
70 (36.6) |
73 (39.0) |
62 (31.6) |
283 (36.3) |
The link between hospital work processes & KM |
96 (46.8) |
72 (37.7) |
92 (49.2) |
72 (36.7) |
322 (42.5) |
Reinforcement of KM system |
23 (11.2) |
28 (14.7) |
27 (14.4) |
25 (12.8) |
103 (13.2) |
Table 4Results of the multiple regression analysis for the hospital A sample
Hospital A sample |
Knowledge creation beta |
Knowledge storage beta |
Knowledge sharing beta |
Knowledge application beta |
Organizational structure |
0.134 |
0.060 |
−0.085 |
0.006 |
Leadership |
0.023 |
0.161 |
0.143*
|
0.121 |
Information technology systems |
0.127 |
0.129 |
0.121 |
0.262***
|
Learning |
0.052 |
0.047 |
0.127 |
0.047 |
Truth |
0.175*
|
0.061 |
0.193*
|
0.055 |
Collaboration |
0.050 |
−0.041 |
0.065 |
0.002 |
R2
|
0.181***
|
0.134***
|
0.286***
|
0.236***
|
Table 5Results of the multiple regression analysis for the hospital B sample
Hospital B sample |
Knowledge creation beta |
Knowledge storage beta |
Knowledge sharing beta |
Knowledge application beta |
Organizational structure |
−0.124 |
−0.035 |
0.065 |
0.155 |
Leadership |
0.192*
|
0.177*
|
0.119 |
0.008 |
Information technology systems |
−0.077 |
0.276**
|
0.004 |
0.019 |
Learning |
0.082 |
−0.142 |
−0.032 |
0.017 |
Truth |
0.020 |
−0.172 |
0.058 |
0.053 |
Collaboration |
0.267***
|
0.205*
|
0.186*
|
0.173*
|
R2
|
0.154***
|
0.110**
|
0.101**
|
0.098**
|
Table 6Results of the multiple regression analysis for the hospital C sample
Hospital C sample |
Knowledge creation beta |
Knowledge storage beta |
Knowledge sharing beta |
Knowledge application beta |
Organizational structure |
0.008 |
−0.029 |
−0.017 |
−0.108 |
Leadership |
0.050 |
0.162 |
0.182*
|
0.117 |
Information technology systems |
0.164*
|
0.051 |
0.026 |
0.194**
|
Learning |
0.023 |
0.124 |
0.126 |
0.113 |
Truth |
0.099 |
−0.067 |
0.072 |
0.088 |
Collaboration |
0.137 |
0.136 |
0.195*
|
0.150*
|
R2
|
0.210***
|
0.152***
|
0.262***
|
0.357***
|
Table 7Results of the multiple regression analysis for the hospital D sample
Hospital D sample |
Knowledge creation beta |
Knowledge storage beta |
Knowledge sharing beta |
Knowledge application beta |
Organizational structure |
0.021 |
−0.040 |
0.008 |
0.011 |
Leadership |
0.180*
|
0.208**
|
0.142*
|
0.141*
|
Information technology systems |
0.173*
|
0.232**
|
0.151*
|
0.245**
|
Learning |
0.023 |
0.025 |
0.081 |
−0.037 |
Truth |
0.069 |
0.201**
|
0.285***
|
0.182**
|
Collaboration |
0.088 |
−0.035 |
0.004 |
0.082 |
R2
|
0.253***
|
0.303***
|
0.392***
|
0.318***
|
Table 8Summary of results
|
Hospital A |
Hospital B |
Hospital C |
Hospital D |
Knowledge creation |
Truth |
Collaboration |
IT systems |
Leadership |
Knowledge storage |
|
IT systems |
|
IT systems |
Knowledge sharing |
Truth |
Collaboration |
Collaboration |
Truth |
Knowledge application |
IT systems |
Collaboration |
IT systems |
IT systems |