aDepartment of Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
bDepartment of Nursing Science, Yanbian University of Science & Technology, Yanji, China
Copyright ©2017, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Characteristic | Participant (n = 21) |
---|---|
Age (y) | 70.67 ± 7.00 |
Sex | |
Male | 3 (14.3) |
Female | 18 (85.7) |
Education (n = 20)a | |
No education | 3 (15.0) |
Completed elementary school | 1 (5.0) |
Completed middle school | 10 (50.0) |
Completed high school | 6 (30.0) |
Frequency of eating at restaurants (n = 20)a | |
Almost never | 13 (65.0) |
1–2 times per week | 7 (35.0) |
Hypertension diagnosed by a doctor (n = 19)a | |
No | 10 (52.6) |
Yes | 9 (47.4) |
Subjective health status | |
Very good | 2 (9.5) |
Good | 5 (23.8) |
Average | 10 (47.6) |
Bad | 4 (19.0) |
Household composition | |
Living alone | 11 (52.4) |
Living with spouse | 6 (28.6) |
Living with spouse and children | 2 (9.5) |
Living with children | 2 (9.5) |
Nutrition knowledge survey questions | Option | Participant (n = 21) |
---|---|---|
1. Too much salt intake can increase the risk of osteoporosis. | Yesa | 15 (71.4) |
No | 0 (0) | |
Don’t know | 6 (28.6) | |
2. In the same food, the amount of sodium is equal to the amount of salt. | Yes | 5 (23.8) |
Noa | 2 (9.5) | |
Don’t know | 14 (66.7) | |
3. The tolerable upper intake level of salt is two teaspoons of salt. | Yes | 4 (19.0) |
Noa | 16 (76.2) | |
Don’t know | 1 (4.8) | |
4. We can meet the requirements of salt by eating natural foods. | Yesa | 11 (52.4) |
No | 4 (19.0) | |
Don’t know | 6 (28.6) | |
5. Although we are addicted to salty food, we can learn to prefer less salty food by gradually decreasing sodium consumption. | Yesa | 16 (76.2) |
No | 3 (14.3) | |
Don’t know | 2 (9.5) | |
6. The intake of fresh vegetables and fruit can increase sodium excretion from our bodies. | Yesa | 18 (85.7) |
No | 1 (4.8) | |
Don’t know | 2 (9.5) | |
7. The amount of sodium is shown on the nutrition label of processed foods. | Yesa | 7 (33.3) |
No | 3 (14.3) | |
Don’t know | 11 (52.4) | |
8. One tablespoon of salt and one tablespoon of soybean paste has the same amount of sodium. | Yes | 5 (23.8) |
Noa | 13 (61.9) | |
Don’t know | 3 (14.3) | |
9. Instant noodle soup has a large amount of salt. | Yesa | 14 (66.7) |
No | 2 (9.5) | |
Don’t know | 5 (23.8) |
Characteristic | Data (n = 8) |
---|---|
Age (y) | 67.38 ± 7.21 |
Sex | |
Male | 1 (12.5) |
Female | 7 (87.5) |
Education | |
Completed elementary school | 1 (12.5) |
Completed middle school | 3 (37.5) |
Completed high school | 4 (50.0) |
Frequency of alcohol consumption | |
Never | 4 (50.0) |
Almost never (≤ 1 time/mo) | 1 (12.5) |
Sometimes (2–4 times/mo) | 2 (25.0) |
Frequently (≥ 2 times/wk) | 1 (12.5) |
Frequency of exercise | |
Never | 2 (25.0) |
1–2 times/wk | 2 (25.0) |
3–4 times/wk | 2 (25.0) |
≥ 5 times/wk | 2 (25.0) |
Disease | |
No | 2 (25.0) |
Yesa | 6 (75.0) |
Subjective health status | |
Good | 2 (25.0) |
Average | 3 (37.5) |
Bad | 3 (37.5) |
Family history | |
Yes | 2 (25.0) |
No | 6 (75.0) |
Household composition | |
Living alone | 5 (62.5) |
Living with spouse | 1 (12.5) |
Living with grandchild | 2 (25.0) |
Average monthly living expenses (Chinese Yuan Renminbi) | 1,625.00 ± 744.02 |