1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
2Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
© 2021 Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Ethics Approval
This research was approved by the local ethics committee of the Abadan University of Medical Sciences (No. IR.ABADANUMS.REC.1399.070), Abadan, Iran, and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Funding
This study was financially supported by the Vice-Chancellor for Research of Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran (Grant No. 99T.829).
Availability of Data
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. For other data, these may be available through the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Authors’ Contributions
Conceptualization: NJ; Data curation: NJ; Formal analysis: NJ; Investigation: all authors; Methodology: KA, ZR; Project administration: NJ; Resources: all authors; Software: all authors; Supervision: NJ; Validation: all authors; Visualization: all author; Writing–original draft: NJ; Writing–review & editing: NJ. All the authors reviewed and approved the final draft, and are responsible for all aspects of the work.
Additional Contributions
This research was derived from the general physician thesis by Zahra Rahmani under the supervision of Dr. N Jomehzadeh, which was approved by Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran. The authors appreciate all those who contributed directly or indirectly to this research.
Antimicrobials | Resistant (%) | Intermediate (%) | Susceptible (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Ceftriaxone | 58 (61.1) | 7 (7.4) | 30 (31.6) |
Cefoxitin | 60 (63.2) | 9 (9.5) | 26 (27.4) |
Cefpodoxime | 55 (57.9) | 2 (2.1) | 38 (40.0) |
Cephalothin | 77 (81.1) | 4 (4.2) | 14 (14.7) |
Ceftizoxime | 52 (54.7) | 4 (4.2) | 39 (41.1) |
Amikacin | 27 (28.4) | 9 (9.5) | 59 (62.1) |
Tetracycline | 52 (54.7) | 3 (3.2) | 40 (42.1) |
Amoxicillin | 86 (90.5) | 0 | 9 (9.5) |
Piperacillin/tazobactam | 16 (16.8) | 1 (1.1) | 78 (82.1) |
Colistin | 7 (7.4) | 0 | 88 (92.6) |
Resistance pattern | Resistance phenotypes | n (%) |
---|---|---|
I | KF, AN, AMX | 9 (18.4) |
II | CZX, CRO, FOX, TZP | 3 (6.1) |
III | CZX, FOX, CRO, CPD, TET, AMX | 8 (16.3) |
IV | CRO, KF, AN, AMX, FOX | 5 (10.2) |
V | CZX, TZP, FOX, AN, TET, AMX, CPD | 7 (14.3) |
VI | CZX, CRO, CPD, CS, AMX, TZP, AN, TET | 1 (2.0) |
VII | CZX, FOX, CRO, CPD, AMX, KF | 10 (20.4) |
VIII | CZX, FOX, CRO, CPD, TET, AMX, KF, AN, TZP | 6 (12.2) |
AmpC positive | n (%) |
---|---|
Cefoxitin screening test | 60 (63.2) |
Confirmatory phenotypic test | 14 (14.7) |
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction | 15 (15.8) |
AmpC gene | |
blaDHA | 8 (8.4) |
blaCIT | 4 (4.2) |
blaEBC | 3 (3.2) |
blaMOX | 0 |
blaFOX | 0 |
blaACC | 0 |
KF, cephalothin; AN, amikacin; AMX, amoxicillin; CZX, ceftizoxime; CRO, ceftriaxone; FOX, cefoxitin; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam; CPD, cefpodoxime; TET, tetracycline; CS, colistin.