Objectives Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Its increasing prevalence poses substantial challenges to both hospital and public health systems due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Understanding the epidemiology of K. pneumoniae and its antimicrobial resistance characteristics may support antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to November 2025. Methods: A total of 62 isolates underwent phenotypic identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the BD Phoenix system (Becton Dickinson), followed by molecular detection of K. pneumoniae and efflux pump genes. Sanger sequencing was performed on isolates positive for the tolC gene. Results: Among the isolates, 66.1% were classified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, 6.5% as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and 6.5% as both ESBL and CRE producers. Most clinical isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and cefepime. The acrAB and tolC genes were detected in all 62 isolates. One isolate showed a genetic profile similar to that of the K. pneumoniae KP 52.145 strain. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance among K. pneumoniae isolates and confirmed the presence of efflux pump genes, including tolC, with observable genetic variability. Further investigation of tolC gene evolution is essential, as these genes play critical roles in antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
Objectives Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen in aquatic animals and a threat to human health worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam. Methods: In total, 150 rearing water samples were collected from 10 fish mariculture farms in winter and summer. A polymerase chain reaction assay was used to identify V. parahaemolyticus, its virulence factors, and ARGs. The antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation ability of V. parahaemolyticus strains were investigated using the disk diffusion test and a microtiter plate-based crystal violet method, respectively. Results: Thirty-seven V. parahaemolyticus isolates were recovered from 150 samples. The frequencies of the tdh and trh genes among V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 8.1% and 21.6%, respectively. More than 90% of isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol, but over 72% were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Furthermore, 67.57% of isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The presence of ARGs related to gentamicin (aac(3)-IV), tetracycline (tetA) and ciprofloxacin (qnrA) in V. parahaemolyticus isolates was identified. Conversely, no ARGs related to ampicillin or erythromycin resistance were detected. Biofilm formation capacity was detected in significantly more multidrug-resistant isolates (64.9%) than non-multidrug-resistant isolates (18.9%). Conclusion: Mariculture environments are a potential source of antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus and a hotspot for virulence genes and ARGs diffusing to aquatic environments. Thus, the prevention of antibiotic-resistant foodborne vibriosis in aquatic animals and humans requires continuous monitoring.
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Objectives
This study aimed to characterize the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates from the fecal samples of fishery workers who work in fish farms and often use antibiotics for the feeding fishes. Methods
Seventy-three <i>E. coli</i> strains isolated from the fecal samples of fishery workers and 180 isolates from a control group of restaurant workers were tested for antibiotic resistance by agar disk diffusion with 16 antimicrobial agents. Results
About 30% of isolates from each group showed antimicrobial resistance to ampicillin, and 60% of isolates from fishery workers and 41% from restaurant workers were resistant to tetracycline. The isolates showed higher resistance to cephalothin and cefoxitin than to other cephem antibiotics and to gentamicin than to other aminogycosides. Our data indicated that fecal <i>E. coli</i> isolates from fishery workers showed higher antibiotic resistance than those of non-fishery workers (restaurant workers), especially to cephalothin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, rates of multidrug resistance were similar among the fishery workers and restaurant workers. Conclusion
Frequent use of antibiotics may cause increased antibiotic resistance in the human microbiome.
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