<p>Murine typhus is one of the most prevalent rickettsial infections in the world, caused by the bacterial genus <italic>Rickettsia</italic>. Though the disease manifests a relatively benign clinical course with fever, rash, and headache being the 3 classic symptoms, neurological complications may arise in patients that could become permanent. In this case study, a patient with a brain abscess caused by <italic>R typhi</italic> infection is described. Based upon the recent reemergence of arthropod-borne disease, the findings in this case are significant; <italic>R typhi</italic> can cause a brain abscess that mimics a brain tumor, which delays the diagnosis and appropriate management of the disease. Murine typhus should always be considered when performing the differential diagnosis of brain abscesses in South Korea.</p>
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