Objectives Vitamin D regulates immune function, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Its deficiency is linked to sepsis, although the causal relationship remains unclear. Studies suggest a strong correlation between FokI polymorphism and sepsis in the context of vitamin D deficiency. This study examined the association between vitamin D levels, the VDR FokI polymorphism, and sepsis risk through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods Relevant articles from 2014–2024 were identified from various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the difference in vitamin D levels between the sepsis and control groups, as well as the relationship between VDR FokI genotypes (TT, CT, CC) and sepsis risk.
Results Vitamin D levels in sepsis patients were consistently lower than in the control group, with a mean difference of –4.17 ng/mL (95% confidence interval, –7.87 to –0.47; p=0.03). However, the relationship between VDR FokI genotype and sepsis risk was not statistically significant (p>0.05), although several individual studies showed a positive correlation. High heterogeneity was found in the analysis of vitamin D levels (I2=100%) and FokI genotypes (I2=91%), which affected the interpretation of the results.
Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is a potential risk factor for sepsis, while the relationship between the VDR FokI polymorphism and sepsis risk requires further investigation. These findings highlight the importance of early detection of vitamin D deficiency as a preventive strategy in at-risk populations, although additional studies with more standardized designs are needed to definitively confirm this relationship.
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Vitamin D Status and Sepsis Outcomes: A PRISMA-Compliant Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis Gracia Castro-Luna, Henar Gómez Galera, Meritxell Sánchez Martínez, Cristina Gongora-Beltran Nutrients.2026; 18(5): 869. CrossRef
<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>The <italic>CYP2B6</italic> is one of the most polymorphic <italic>CYP</italic> genes in humans that has the potential to modify the pharmacological and toxicological responses to clinically important drugs such as antimalarial artemisinin and its derivatives. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of <italic>CYP2B6</italic> polymorphisms in Timor malaria endemic area, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia where Artemisin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) has been used to treat uncomplicated malaria.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>A total of 109 healthy subjects were participated in this study. <italic>CYP2B6*4, *6</italic> and <italic>*9</italic> polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR-RFLP to confirm the SNPs prevalence of 516G>T and 785A>G in exon 4 and 5.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>There were 96 subjects included in the analysis. In the exon 4 of <italic>CYP2B6</italic> 516G>T, the frequency of the T mutation was 37.5% (39/96), and the wildtype 27.1% (26/96). In the exon 5, <italic>CYP2B6</italic> 785A>G mutant was detected in 29.2% (28/96) of individuals, and the wildtype allele in 35.4% (34/96). The frequency of <italic>CYP2B6*9</italic> (516G>T), <italic>CYP2B6*4</italic> (785A>G) and <italic>CYP2B6*6</italic> (516G>T and 785A>G) were 40.6%, 29.2% and 22.9%, respectively. The prevalence of these <italic>CYP2B6</italic> gene polymorphisms in Timorian ethnic were higher than that in Malay, Han Chinese, Indian, and Egyptian populations.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The prevalence of these <italic>CYP2B6</italic> 516G>T and 785A>G polymorphisms in Timorian ethnic is higher than that in other populations. These polymorphisms may affect the metabolism of artemisinin and its derivatives.</p></sec>
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Objectives
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays roles in the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and possibility of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of TNF-α promoter−308 G/A polymorphism with T2DM. Methods
In all, 1038 patients with T2DM and 1023 normoglycemic controls were included in this study. All participants were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were then analyzed in each group. Serum lipids, fasting glucose, fasting serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and hemoglogin A1c levels were determined by conventional methods. Results
The allelic frequency of the A allele was significantly different between case and control participants (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Genotypes GA and AA were found to be significantly associated with 2.24- and 3.18-fold increased risk for T2DM, respectively. Similarly, the dominant model of -308 G/A polymorphism was found to have a higher risk for T2DM (odds ratio = 2.34, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Individuals with T2DM carrying the GA + AA genotypes of -308 G/A variation had significantly lower fasting plasma insulin than those carrying GG genotype. Conclusion
Our findings revealed that there is an association between the TNF-α promoter -308 G/A polymorphism and T2DM in this population.
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Objectives
The resistance of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> to the recently available antibiotic treatment has been a growing problem. The aim of the study was to determine the quinolone-resistant strains and detect the presence of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the <i>gyrA</i>, <i>parE</i>, and <i>parC</i> genes. Methods
In this study, for the first time in Iran, the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to investigate the presence of mutations at quinolone resistance-determining regions of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase on 82 <i>S. pneumoniae</i> strains, among them 45 clinical samples were from patients and 37 from healthy carriers (control group). Results
In clinical samples, 34 (75.56%) strains contained mutations in the <i>parC</i> gene, 31 (68.89%) carried mutations in the <i>gyrA</i> gene, and 14 (31.11%) had <i>parE</i> gene mutations. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) criteria on three different generations of quinolone family, with nalidixic acid (82.22%) showing the highest resistance and levofloxacin (42.22%) the least resistance. Conclusion
Results indicated that there is a significant correlation between quinolone resistance development and mutations in the <i>parE</i> gene as well as in the <i>parC</i> and <i>gyrA</i> genes.
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Objectives
Recent genetic association studies have provided convincing evidence that several novel loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aims of this study were: 1) to develop a predictive model of T2DM using genetic and clinical data; and 2) to compare misclassification rates of different models. Methods
We selected 212 individuals with newly diagnosed T2DM and 472 controls aged in their 60s from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. A total of 499 known SNPs from 87 T2DM-related genes were genotyped using germline DNA. SNPs were analyzed for significant association with T2DM using various classification algorithms including Quest (Quick, Unbiased, Efficient, Statistical tree), Support Vector Machine, C4.5, logistic regression, and K-nearest neighbor. Results
We tested these models using the complete Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort (<i>n</i> = 10,038) and computed the T2DM misclassification rates for each model. Average misclassification rates ranged at 28.2–52.7%. The misclassification rates for the logistic and machine-learning algorithms were lower than the statistical tree algorithms. Using 1-to-1 matched data, the misclassification rate of the statistical tree QUEST algorithm using body mass index and SNP variables was the lowest, but overall the logistic regression performed best. Conclusions
The K-nearest neighbor method exhibited more robust results than other algorithms. For clinical and genetic data, our “multistage adjustment” model outperformed other models in yielding lower rates of misclassification. To improve the performance of these models, further studies using warranted, strategies to estimate better classifiers for the quantification of SNPs need to be developed.
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Objectives
To assess the genomic characteristics of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) that caused small-scale epidemics in Korea and compare sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Methods
Two hundred sixty-two throat swabs were collected from geographically distinct two cohabitation facilities during outbreaks in August 2005 and February–May 2006. 148 isolates were obtained using the adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells) from 262 specimens. The sequences of 448 bp partial hexon gene of isolates were analized and compared with serotype results using neutralizing test. The hexon (1.2 kb), fiber, and E4 ORF 6/7 34.7 kDa protein (2.1 kb) genes were further analysed in 10 randomly selected specimens. RFLP of the genomic DNA for genotyping was also performed and compared with sequence information. Results
All the isolates were localized into the same cluster when phylogenetic tree was generated based on hexon gene using Clustal W. While fiber and E4 ORF 6/7 34.7 kDa protein genes were analysed, the tree was divided into two clusters. Interestingly, isolates with same genetic characteristics of hexon gene did not show identical RFLP patterns in accordance with their origin of episode, rather phylogenetic analysis of fiber and E4 ORF 6/7 34.7 kDa protein genes were correlated with RFLP patterns. Conclusion
These results indicate that serotype classification based on hexon gene might not be enough to discriminate HAdV serotype, and additional genetic characteristics including fiber and/or E4 ORF 6/7 should be recruited to dispose subgroup of HAdV serotype.
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