Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Original Articles

Epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a tertiary referral hospital in Korea: Sollan Kang, Ihn Sook Jeong; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(3):221-229. Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0097

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Objectives
This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics of patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii (CRE/ CRAB) isolates in a tertiary referral hospital in Korea. Methods: We collected and analyzed data from 528 adults admitted to a tertiary referral hospital from August 1, 2018 to February 29, 2020. The CRE/CRAB isolates were confirmed as being present at the time of patients’ admission or acquired during hospitalization based on their medical records. The t-test, chi-square test, or Fisher exact test and stepwise multiple logistic regression were performed. Results: While the proportion of community-acquired CRE/CRAB was low (6%), 20% of CRE/ CRAB isolates were identified in patients at the time of hospitalization. The risk of CRAB isolation was positively associated with mechanical ventilator use (odds ratio [OR], 3.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96−6.33) and total parenteral nutrition use (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.87−7.08). Conclusion: Over 20% of CRE/CRAB isolates in a tertiary referral hospital in Korea were found at the time of patients’ admission. Furthermore, patients with mechanical ventilation and/or total parenteral nutrition tended to acquire CRAB more frequently. Thus, active surveillance for CRE/CRAB at the time of hospitalization is strongly required, particularly for patients who are expected to require mechanical ventilation or total parenteral nutrition.

Citations

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Epidemiological analysis and prevention strategies in response to a shigellosis cluster outbreak: a retrospective case series in an alternative school in the Republic of Korea, 2023
Yeongseo Ahn, Sunmi Jin, Gemma Park, Hye Young Lee, Hyungyong Lee, Eunkyung Shin, Junyoung Kim, Jaeil Yoo, Yuna Kim
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2024; 15(1): 68. CrossRef
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Acquisition and Colonization at a Korean Hospital over 1 Year
Hye-Jin Kim, Jung-Hee Hyun, Hyo-Seon Jeong, Yeon-Kyeng Lee
Antibiotics.2023; 12(4): 759. CrossRef

Developing the High-Risk Drinking Scorecard Model in Korea: Jun-Tae Han, Il-Su Park, Suk-Bok Kang, Byeong-Gyu Seo; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(5):231-239. Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.5.04

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

This study aimed to develop a high-risk drinking scorecard using cross-sectional data from the 2014 Korea Community Health Survey.

Methods

Data were collected from records for 149,592 subjects who had participated in the Korea Community Health Survey conducted from 2014. The scorecard model was developed using data mining, a scorecard and points to double the odds approach for weighted multiple logistic regression.

Results

This study found that there were many major influencing factors for high-risk drinkers which included gender, age, educational level, occupation, whether they received health check-ups, depressive symptoms, over-moderate physical activity, mental stress, smoking status, obese status, and regular breakfast. Men in their thirties to fifties had a high risk of being a drinker and the risks in office workers and sales workers were high. Those individuals who were current smokers had a higher risk of drinking. In the scorecard results, the highest score range was observed for gender, age, educational level, and smoking status, suggesting that these were the most important risk factors.

Conclusion

A credit risk scorecard system can be applied to quantify the scoring method, not only to help the medical service provider to understand the meaning, but also to help the general public to understand the danger of high-risk drinking more easily.

Citations

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A Study on ML-Based Sleep Score Model Using Lifelog Data
Jiyong Kim, Minseo Park
Applied Sciences.2023; 13(2): 1043. CrossRef
A Simple-to-Use Score for Identifying Individuals at High Risk of Denosumab-Associated Hypocalcemia in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Real-World Cohort Study
Kyoung Jin Kim, Namki Hong, Seunghyun Lee, Miryung Kim, Yumie Rhee
Calcified Tissue International.2020; 107(6): 567. CrossRef

Rapid Molecular Approach for Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Vibrio cholera: Reza Ranjbar, Ali Naghoni, Davoud Afshar, Farhad Nikkhahi, Mohsen Mohammadi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(6):373-377. Published online December 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.10.002

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Gastrointestinal tract infection is still one of the serious public health problems in many geographic areas and is endemic in most countries including Iran. Early detection of the gastrointestinal tract pathogens can be extremely important. The aim of the current study was to apply a shortened time-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for rapid and simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Vibrio cholera.
Methods
The standard and clinical strains of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and V. cholerae were used in the assay. Multiplex PCR was performed and optimized based on amplification of invA, putative integrase, and ompW genes for detecting Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and V. cholerae, respectively. The specificity of the assay was evaluated by testing 12 different bacterial species.
Results
Only Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and V. cholerae strains had positive results when subjected to the assay using multiplex PCR. The assay showed a high sensitivity, and no amplification products were observed in multiplex PCR with any of the other microorganisms.
Conclusion
Our study indicated that the invA, putative integrase, and ompW-based multiplex PCR assay appears to be an efficient method for rapid and simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and V. cholerae.

Citations

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Ziquan Wang, Qian Xu, Siyuan Liu, Yingying Liu, Ying Gao, Meng Wang, Ling Zhang, Haiyan Chang, Qiang Wei, Zhiwei Sui
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Reza Ranjbar, Payam Behzadi, Ali Najafi, Raheleh Roudi
The Open Microbiology Journal.2017; 11(1): 330. CrossRef

Multiplex Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Simultaneous Detection of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus: Jie Yeun Park, Semi Jeon, Jun Young Kim, Misun Park, Seonghan Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(3):133-139. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.04.004

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
A multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was developed for the identification of three Vibrio species: Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus.
Methods
Specific primers and probes targeting the hlyA, tlh, and vvhA genes were selected and used for multiplex real-time PCR to confirm the identification of V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus, respectively. This method was applied to screen Vibrio species from environmental samples and combining it with a culture-based method, its effectiveness was evaluated in comparison with culture-based methods alone.
Results
Specific PCR fragments were obtained from isolates belonging to the target species, indicating a high specificity of this multiplex real-time PCR. No cross-reactivity with the assay was observed between the tested bacteria. The sensitivity of the multiplex real-time PCR was found to have a lower limit of 10⁴ colony-forming units/reaction for all three Vibrio species. The combination strategy raised the isolation ratio of all three Vibrio species 1.26- to 2.75-fold.
Conclusion
This assay provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific technique to detect these three Vibrio species in the environment.

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Article

Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Method for the Rapid Detection of gyrA and parC Mutations in Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli and Shigella spp.: Junyoung Kim, Semi Jeon, Hyungjun Kim, Misun Park, Soobok Kim, Seonghan Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2012;3(2):113-117. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.04.004

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15 Download
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Abstract PDF

Two real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to detect mutations in codons 83 and 87 in gyrA and in codons 80 and 91 in parC, the main sites that causes quinolone resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. isolates. These assays can be employed as a useful method for controlling infections caused by quinolone-resistant E coli and Shigella isolates.

Citations

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