aModeling of noncommunicable diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
bDepartment of Biostatistics, Modeling of noncommunicable diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
cDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Copyright ©2018, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Conflicts of Interest
The authors have declared that they have no competing interests.
Variables | n (%) | Awareness scores * | OR§ | p§ | OR¶ | p¶ | ||
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Low (n = 225) | Moderate (n = 482) | High (n = 62) | ||||||
Gender | ||||||||
Male | 443 (57.6) | 93 (41.3) | 318 (65.9) | 32 (51.6) | 0.33 | < 0.001 | 0.381 | < 0.001 |
Female | 326 (42.4) | 132 (58.7) | 164 (34.1) | 30 (48.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
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Age (y) | ||||||||
≤ 25 | 121 (15.7) | 15 (6.7) | 68 (14.1) | 38 (61.3) | 0.36 | < 0.001 | 0.91 | 0.012 |
26–40 | 326 (42.39) | 79 (35.1) | 227 (47.1) | 20 (32.2) | 0.51 | < 0.001 | 0.82 | < 0.001 |
41–54 | 257 (33.42) | 96 (42.7) | 157 (32.57) | 4 (6.5) | 0.34 | < 0.001 | 0.85 | < 0.001 |
≥55 | 65 (8.45) | 35 (15.6) | 30 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
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Marriage status | ||||||||
Single | 267 (34.7) | 48 (21.3) | 176 (36.5) | 43 (69.4) | 2.16 | < 0.001 | 1.18 | 0.60 |
Married | 502 (65.3) | 177 (78.7) | 306 (63.5) | 19 (30.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
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Education | ||||||||
Illiterate | 110 (14.3) | 41 (18.2) | 69 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary | 114 (14.8) | 83 (36.9) | 31 (6.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1.24 | < 0.001 | 1.31 | 0.017 |
Secondary | 101 (13.1) | 40 (17.8) | 61 (12.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1.21 | < 0.001 | 1.28 | 0.081 |
High school | 88 (11.4) | 17 (7.6) | 65 (13.5) | 6 (9.7) | 2.69 | < 0.001 | 2.07 | 0.030 |
Bachelor | 180 (23.4) | 29 (12.9) | 143 (29.7) | 8 (12.9) | 2.29 | < 0.001 | 1.88 | 0.023 |
≥ M.Sc. | 176 (16.4) | 15 (6.7) | 113 (23.4) | 48 (77.4) | 2.16 | < 0.001 | 2.12 | 0.042 |
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Family history of diabetes | ||||||||
First degree † | 58 (7.5) | 18 (8.0) | 55 (11.4) | 19 (30.6) | 3.13 | < 0.001 | 2.14 | < 0.001 |
Second degree ‡ | 44 (5.7) | 7 (3.1) | 52 (10.8) | 7 (11.3) | 1.97 | < 0.001 | 2.01 | < 0.001 |
No | 667 (50.0) | 200 (88.9) | 375 (77.8) | 36 (58.1) | 1 | 1 |
T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus.
* Awareness scores were divided into 3 categories based on latent profile analysis and Youden’s index.
† First degree denotes father/mother/sister/brother;
‡ Second degree denotes aunt/uncle/cousin.
§ OR and P denotes Odds ratio and statistical significance, respectively, and were estimated by multiple ordinal logistic regression.
¶ OR and P were estimated by multiple logistic regression (low v.s. moderate + high).