Figure 1The percentages of antimicrobial resistance detected among multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates.
Figure 2Frequency of simultaneous occurrence of integrons in multidrug-resistant isolates.
Table 1Primers and PCR conditions used in this study.
Gene |
Primer sequence |
Size of product (bp) |
PCR conditions |
Reference |
IntI1-F
|
GGT CAA GGA TCT GGA TTT CG |
436 bp |
5 min at 94°C; 32 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 60°C, 2 min at 72°C; 10 min at 72°C |
Machado, 2005 |
IntI-R
|
ACA TGC GTG TAA ATC ATC GTC |
|
|
|
IntI2-F
|
CAC GGA TAT GCG ACA AAA AGG |
788 bp |
5 min at 94°C; 32 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 60°C, 2 min at 72°C; 10 min at 72°C |
Machado, 2005 |
IntI2-R
|
TGTA GCA AAC GAG TGA CGA AAT G |
|
|
|
IntI3-F
|
AGT GGG TGG CGA ATG AGT G |
600 bp |
5 min at 94°C; 32 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 60°C, 2 min at 72°C; 10 min at 72°C |
Machado, 2005 |
IntI3-R
|
TGT TCT TGT ATC GGC AGG TG |
|
|
|
5'CS
|
GGC ATC CAA GCA GCA AG |
Variable |
5 min at 94°C; 35 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 58°C, 2 min at 72°C; 10 min at 72°C |
Machado, 2005 |
3'CS
|
AAG CAG ACT TGA CCT GA |
|
|
|
attI2-F
|
GAC GGC ATG CAC GAT TTG TA |
Variable |
5 min at 94°C; 35 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 58°C, 2 min at 72°C; 10 min at 72°C |
Machado, 2005 |
orfX-R
|
GAT GCC ATC GCA AGT ACG AG |
|
|
|
Table 2Sizes of variable regions of integron class I cassettes in intI1 positive isolates.
Pattern of integron I cassettes bands (pb) |
No. of isolates (%) |
750 |
2 (3.70) |
800 |
16 (29.63) |
1000 |
2 (3.70) |
1200 |
2 (3.70) |
1500 |
25 (46.30) |
2000 |
1 (1.85) |
Without PCR product |
6 (11.12) |
Total no. of intI1 positive isolates |
54 (100) |
Table 3Sizes of variable regions of integron class 2 cassettes in intI2 positive isolates.
Pattern of integron 2 cassettes bands (pb) |
No. of isolates (%) |
800 |
11 (20.76) |
1300 |
2 (3.77) |
1500 |
2 (3.77) |
2000 |
14 (26.42) |
Without PCR product |
24 (45.28) |
Total no. of intI2 positive isolates |
53 (100) |