Figure 1Trends for the number of average daily outpatients with allergic diseases, tree observation risk, and weed observation risk during 2003–2011. (A) Allergic rhinitis, (B) asthma, and (C) atopic dermatitis.
Table 1Descriptive statistics of AR, asthma, AD.
Variable |
AR
|
Asthma
|
AD
|
No. of days |
No. of average daily outpatients (SD) |
No. of days |
No. of average daily outpatients (SD) |
No. of days |
No. of average daily outpatients (SD) |
Spring |
Male |
3,538 |
105.4 (136.5) |
3,538 |
453.9 (523.6) |
307 |
0.743 (0.638) |
Female |
3,538 |
125.1 (162.2) |
3,538 |
512.6 (602.2) |
307 |
0.593 (0.594) |
Outpatient |
3,538 |
230.5 (298.1) |
3,538 |
966.5 (1,124.9) |
307 |
1.336 (0.606) |
1–6 y |
3,538 |
53.6 (62.6) |
3,538 |
328.0 (372.5) |
307 |
1.121 (0.663) |
7–12 y |
3,538 |
29.1 (36.6) |
3,538 |
113.4 (138.3) |
307 |
0.127 (0.362) |
13–18 y |
3,538 |
14.3 (19.4) |
3,538 |
37.9 (47.4) |
307 |
0.023 (0.150) |
19–64 y |
3,538 |
108.5 (149.1) |
3,538 |
339.6 (421.2) |
307 |
0.059 (0.235) |
≥65 y |
3,538 |
25.0 (37.2) |
3,538 |
147.7 (178.6) |
307 |
0.007 (0.081) |
Fall |
Male |
3,538 |
128.8 (168.0) |
3,538 |
465.6 (539.5) |
637 |
0.724 (0.653) |
Female |
3,538 |
151.0 (200.2) |
3,538 |
493.6 (588.6) |
637 |
0.578 (0.668) |
Outpatient |
3,538 |
279.8 (367.5) |
3,538 |
959.2 (1,127.1) |
637 |
1.301 (0.668) |
1–6 y |
3,538 |
67.3 (79.2) |
3,538 |
366.2 (421.8) |
637 |
1.064 (0.673) |
7–12 y |
3,538 |
39.1 (50.5) |
3,538 |
120.1 (147.5) |
637 |
0.138 (0.367) |
13–18 y |
3,538 |
20.3 (30.4) |
3,538 |
32.1 (40.8) |
637 |
0.017 (0.130) |
19–64 y |
3,538 |
129.8 (181.8) |
3,538 |
314.1 (395.3) |
637 |
0.068 (0.251) |
≥65 y |
3,538 |
23.4 (35.5) |
3,538 |
126.7 (159.3) |
637 |
0.014 (0.118) |
Table 2Descriptive statistics for air pollutants during 2003–2011.
Variable |
No. of days |
Means (SD) of AP concentration (ppm) |
Spring (Apr–May) |
PM10
|
2,809 |
62.792 (44.276) |
NO2
|
2,871 |
0.023 (0.011) |
SO2
|
2,825 |
0.004 (0.002) |
O3
|
2,898 |
0.049 (0.013) |
CO |
2,915 |
0.450 (0.274) |
Fall (Sep–Oct) |
PM10
|
2,680 |
41.044 (21.406) |
NO2
|
2,775 |
0.020 (0.010) |
SO2
|
2,765 |
0.004 (0.001) |
O3
|
2,864 |
0.036 (0.013) |
CO |
2,827 |
0.420 (0.277) |
Table 3Generalized additive model analysis of allergic diseases, air pollutants, and pollen risk indexes.
Variable |
Allergy rhinitis
|
Asthma
|
Atopic dermatitis
|
Estimate (SE) |
Estimate (SE) |
Estimate (SE) |
Spring |
PM10
|
–0.00096 (0.00003)†
|
0.00003 (0.00001)* |
0.00009 (0.00002)†
|
NO2
|
43.00967 (0.11284)†
|
52.01837 (0.06452)†
|
59.34203 (0.09460)†
|
SO2
|
–41.84247 (0.76006)†
|
–29.85902 (0.41395)†
|
–63.48328 (0.63210)†
|
O3
|
–8.08943 (0.09434)†
|
–8.00023 (0.05729)†
|
–5.48426 (0.07969)†
|
CO |
0.59680 (0.00426)†
|
0.28861 (0.00246)†
|
–0.09750 (0.00342)†
|
Tree_ObsR* |
0.05864 (0.00102)†
|
–0.00086 (0.00059) |
–0.00793 (0.00088)†
|
Intercept |
4.57381 (0.00527)†
|
5.95405 (0.00323)†
|
5.02326 (0.00458)†
|
Fall |
PM10
|
–0.01405 (0.00007)†
|
–0.01243 (0.00004)†
|
–0.01496 (0.00007)†
|
NO2
|
63.18331 (0.15300)†
|
56.20960 (0.08115)†
|
60.15389 (0.13209)†
|
SO2
|
79.40926 (1.26465)†
|
79.96389 (0.63530)†
|
67.80260 (1.04455)†
|
O3
|
0.40493 (0.10363)†
|
–3.44282 (0.05736)†
|
–4.33264 (0.09274)†
|
CO |
–0.14895 (0.00512)†
|
–0.19205 (0.00250)†
|
–0.50693 (0.00380)†
|
Weeds_ObsR* |
0.07412 (0.00160)†
|
0.03753 (0.00088)†
|
0.06938 (0.00147)†
|
Intercept |
4.49626 (0.00566)†
|
5.98665 (0.00302)†
|
5.20951 (0.00490)†
|