aDepartment of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand
bDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand
Copyright ©2020, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Conflicts of Interest
No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Characteristic | Blurred vision | Rash/Itching | |||||||||
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Count | Prevalence (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | ORadj (95% CI) | p | Count | Prevalence (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | ORadj (95% CI) | p | ||
Total (n) | 19 | 26.76 (19/71) | 19 | 26.76 (19/71) | |||||||
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Socio-demographic | |||||||||||
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Gender | |||||||||||
Male | 51 | 15 | 29.4 | 2.3 (1.18–4.30) | 2.4 (1.12–5.01) | 0.035* | 5 | 9.8 | 2.6 (1.15–4.65) | 2.3 (1.10–5.24) | 0.001* |
Female | 20 | 4 | 20.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 14 | 70.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Age (y) | |||||||||||
> 40 | 41 | 16 | 39.0 | 2.4 (1.17–4.80) | 2.1 (1.03–4.31) | 0.020* | 9 | 21.9 | 2.5 (1.18–4.31) | 2.2 (1.13–5.03) | 0.018* |
≤ 40 | 30 | 3 | 10.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 10 | 33.3 | 1.0 | |||
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Education | |||||||||||
≤ Secondary school/vocational certificate or equivalent | 46 | 14 | 30.4 | 2.3 (1.18–4.35) | 2.3 (1.10–4.88) | 0.017* | 14 | 30.4 | 2.4 (1.20–4.55) | 2.3 (1.15–4.89) | 0.012* |
> Secondary school/vocational certificate or equivalent | 25 | 5 | 20.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 5 | 20.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Behavioral | |||||||||||
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Smoke cigarettes | |||||||||||
Yes | 32 | 12 | 37.5 | 1.5 (0.83–2.38) | 1.2 (0.93–2.23) | 0.119 | 15 | 46.9 | 1.5 (0.73–2.41) | 1.4 (0.75–2.46) | 0.123 |
No | 39 | 7 | 17.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 4 | 10.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Drink alcohol | |||||||||||
Yes | 38 | 10 | 26.3 | 1.4 (0.75–2.03) | 1.4 (0.85–2.33) | 0.118 | 8 | 21.1 | 1.3 (0.65–2.23) | 1.3 (0.55–2.18) | 0.129 |
No | 33 | 9 | 27.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 11 | 33.3. | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Time worked/d (h) | |||||||||||
≥ 8 | 27 | 14 | 51.9 | 1.5 (0.83–2.30) | 1.3 (0.33–2.12) | 0.215 | 17 | 63.0 | 1.4 (0.79–2.73) | 1.4 (0.75–2.53) | 0.135 |
< 8 | 44 | 5 | 11.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Duration of work (y) | |||||||||||
≥10 | 60 | 16 | 26.7 | 1.6 (0.85–2.58) | 1.6 (0.80–2.18) | 0.058 | 16 | 26.7 | 1.2 (0.95–2.73) | 1.1 (0.25–2.40) | 0.203 |
< 10 | 11 | 3 | 27.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3 | 27.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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PPE | |||||||||||
Cloth mask | |||||||||||
No | 28 | 15 | 53.6 | 1.3 (0.73–2.01) | 1.3 (0.65–2.06) | 0.120 | 17 | 60.7 | 2.5 (1.20–4.79) | 2.5 (1.23–4.89) | 0.019* |
Yes | 43 | 4 | 9.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Gloves | |||||||||||
No | 22 | 18 | 81.8 | 1.2 (0.65–2.13) | 1.2 (0.45–2.01) | 0.448 | 13 | 50.01 | 2.3 (1.25–4.35) | 2.3 (1.21–4.98) | 0.028* |
Yes | 49 | 1 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 6 | 12.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Personal hygiene | |||||||||||
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Wash hands before lunch | |||||||||||
No | 3 | 3 | 100.0 | 1.3 (0.75–2.53) | 1.2 (0.45–2.03) | 0.418 | 3 | 100.0 | 2.2 (1.10–3.93) | 2.4 (1.10–4.93) | 0.005* |
Yes | 68 | 16 | 23.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 16 | 23.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Ate lunch in the working areas | |||||||||||
No | 20 | 6 | 30.0 | 1.4 (0.93–2.42) | 1.3 (0.75–2.22) | 0.123 | 5 | 25.00 | 1.2 (0.93–2.22) | 1.2 (0.73–2.12) | 0.118 |
Yes | 51 | 13 | 25.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 14 | 27.40 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Clean clothes every day | |||||||||||
No | 9 | 2 | 22.2 | 1.3 (0.73–1.92) | 1.3 (0.50–1.72) | 0.574 | 9 | 100.0 | 2.4 (1.11–4.03) | 2.5 (1.15–4.83) | 0.025* |
Yes | 62 | 17 | 27.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 10 | 16.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Have established ventilation systems | |||||||||||
No | 40 | 9 | 22.5 | 1.1 (0.87–1.65) | 1.1 (0.44–1.31) | 0.551 | 14 | 35.0 | 2.3 (1.12–4.47) | 2.3 (1.14–4.65) | 0.018* |
Yes | 62 | 10 | 16.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 5 | 8.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Characteristic | Hand-and-feet numbness | Headaches | |||||||||
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Count | Prevalence (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | ORadj (95% CI) | p | Count | Prevalence (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | ORadj (95% CI) | p | ||
Total (n) | 18 | 25.36 (18/71) | 17 | 23.95 (17/71) | |||||||
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Socio-demographic factors | |||||||||||
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Gender | |||||||||||
Male | 51 | 16 | 31.4 | 2.2 (1.10–4.10) | 2.3 (1.12–4.50) | 0.025* | 12 | 23.5 | 2.4 (1.10–4.20) | 2.4 (1.12–4.40) | 0.028* |
Female | 20 | 2 | 10.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 5 | 25.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Age (y) | |||||||||||
> 40 | 41 | 16 | 39.0 | 2.3 (1.13–4.28) | 2.3 (1.10–4.57) | 0.023* | 14 | 34.2 | 1.3 (1.45–2.35) | 1.2 (1.55–2.47) | 0.432 |
≤ 40 | 30 | 2 | 6.7 | 1.0 | 3 | 10.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
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Education | |||||||||||
≤ Secondary school/vocational certificate or equivalent | 46 | 11 | 23.9 | 1.2 (0.55–2.15) | 1.1 (0.35–2.55) | 0.430 | 10 | 21.7 | 1.4 (0.45–2.25) | 1.3 (0.47–2.15) | 0.132 |
> Secondary school/vocational certificate or equivalent | 25 | 7 | 28.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 7 | 28.0 | 1.0 | |||
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Behavioral | |||||||||||
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Smoke cigarettes | |||||||||||
Yes | 32 | 14 | 43.8 | 1.3 (1.55–2.15) | 1.3 (1.16–2.25) | 0.491 | 12 | 37.5 | 1.3 (0.55–2.35) | 1.3 (0.45–2.31) | 0.141 |
No | 39 | 4 | 10.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 5 | 12.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Drink alcohol | |||||||||||
Yes | 38 | 9 | 23.7 | 1.2 (1.47–2.28) | 1.2 (1.24–2.39) | 0.401 | 8 | 21.1 | 1.2 (0.45–2.15) | 1.2 (0.43–2.09) | 0.354 |
No | 33 | 9 | 27.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 9 | 27.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Time worked/d (h) | |||||||||||
≥ 8 | 27 | 14 | 51.9 | 1.3 (1.57–2.58) | 1.3 (1.34–2.65) | 0.211 | 14 | 51.9 | 1.4 (0.57–2.48) | 1.2 (0.45–2.44) | 0.154 |
< 8 | 44 | 4 | 9.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3 | 6.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Duration of work (y) | |||||||||||
≥ 10 | 60 | 15 | 25.0 | 1.2 (1.50–2.71) | 1.2 (1.32–2.47) | 0.078 | 15 | 25.0 | 1.4 (0.37–2.18) | 1.4 (0.39–2.17) | 0.341 |
< 10 | 11 | 3 | 27.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2 | 18.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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PPE | |||||||||||
Cotton mask | |||||||||||
No | 28 | 10 | 35.7 | 1.3 (1.57–2.79) | 1.3 (1.45–2.47) | 0.066 | 9 | 32.2 | 1.3 (1.37–2.98) | 1.3 (1.31–2.57) | 0.157 |
Yes | 43 | 8 | 18.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 8 | 18.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Gloves | |||||||||||
No | 22 | 10 | 45.5 | 1.3 (1.50–2.09) | 1.3 (1.24–2.59) | 0.254 | 12 | 54.6 | 1.2 (1.39–2.45) | 1.1 (1.30–2.14) | 0.168 |
Yes | 49 | 8 | 16.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 5 | 10.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Personal hygiene | |||||||||||
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Wash hands before lunch | |||||||||||
No | 3 | 3 | 100.0 | 1.3 (1.20–2.38) | 1.3 (1.23–2.72) | 0.279 | 3 | 100.0 | 1.4 (1.35–2.78) | 1.3 (1.27–2.45) | 0.189 |
Yes | 68 | 15 | 22.06 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 14 | 20.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Ate lunch in the working areas | |||||||||||
No | 20 | 4 | 20.0 | 1.3 (1.10–2.18) | 1.2 (1.14–2.24) | 0.160 | 4 | 20.0 | 1.3 (1.15–2.88) | 1.2 (1.16–2.57) | 0.175 |
Yes | 51 | 14 | 27.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 13 | 25.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Clean clothes every day | |||||||||||
No | 9 | 2 | 22.2 | 1.3 (1.30–2.01) | 1.3 (1.04–2.32) | 0.174 | 2 | 22.2 | 1.2 (1.09–2.54) | 1.1 (1.38–2.34) | 0.175 |
Yes | 62 | 16 | 25.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 15 | 24.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
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Have established ventilation systems | |||||||||||
No | 40 | 8 | 20.0 | 1.2 (1.40–2.31) | 1.1 (1.20–2.38) | 0.245 | 15 | 37.5 | 1.3 (1.19–2.44) | 1.1 (1.08–2.25) | 0.162 |
Yes | 31 | 10 | 32.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2 | 6.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |