aDepartment of Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
bDepartment of Nursing Science, Yanbian University of Science and Technology, Yanji, China
cMercy Corps, Shenyang, China
Copyright ©2017, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Nutrition knowledge survey questions | Options | Subjects (n = 40) | |
---|---|---|---|
|
|||
Pretest | Posttest | ||
1. Diet therapy for weight control | |||
1-1. We need to limit carbohydrate consumption as much as we can and mainly consume the meat group for weight control. | Yes | 5 (12.5) | 1 (2.5) |
Noa | 33 (82.5) | 39 (97.5) | |
DK | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0) | |
|
|||
1-2. It is recommended to limit alcohol consumption for weight control, because alcohol contains 7 kcal per gram. | Yesa | 34 (85.0) | 28 (70.0) |
No | 3 (7.5) | 10 (25.0) | |
DK | 3 (7.5) | 2 (5.0) | |
|
|||
1-3. Although we eat the same amount of food, it is helpful to consume a big portion of food all at once than small portions of food several times for weight control. | Yes | 1 (2.5) | 11 (27.5) |
Noa | 37 (92.5) | 29 (72.5) | |
DK | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0) | |
|
|||
1-4. It is recommended to eat an apple instead of drinking apple juice because solid food makes people feel fuller than does liquid food. | Yesa | 26 (65.0) | 34 (85.0) |
No | 8 (20.0) | 5 (12.5) | |
DK | 6 (15.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
|
|||
1-5. People can eat fruits as much as they want because fruits are low in calories. | Yes | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0) |
Noa | 38 (95.0) | 40 (100.0) | |
DK | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
|||
1-6. Meal times should last at least 20 minutes to prevent overeating. (n = 39) | Yesa | 21 (53.8) | 35 (89.7) |
No | 11 (28.2) | 1 (2.6) | |
DK | 7 (17.9) | 3 (7.7) | |
|
|||
2. Exercise therapy for weight control | |||
|
|||
2-1. It is recommended to practice aerobic exercises 5 times and muscle exercises 3 times per week for weight control. | Yesa | 22 (55.0) | 36 (90.0) |
No | 4 (10.0) | 3 (7.5) | |
DK | 14 (35.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
|
|||
2-2. Exercise intensity should be as high as possible for weight control. | Yes | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) |
Noa | 38 (95.0) | 39 (97.5) | |
DK | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | |
|
|||
2-3. To effectively burn body fat, people should exercise for at least 20 minutes. | Yesa | 34 (85.0) | 37 (92.5) |
No | 3 (7.5) | 2 (5.0) | |
DK | 3 (7.5) | 1 (2.5) | |
|
|||
2-4. It is recommended to practice both aerobic exercises and muscle exercises for a healthy weight. | Yesa | 37 (92.5) | 37 (92.5) |
No | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | |
DK | 2 (5.0) | 2 (5.0) | |
|
|||
3. Principles of weight control | |||
|
|||
3-1. It is recommended to lose 1 kg per week for safe weight loss. | Yes | 14 (35.0) | 6 (15.0) |
Noa | 10 (25.0) | 33 (82.5) | |
DK | 16 (40.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
|
|||
3-2. It is recommended to undergo both diet therapy and exercise therapy for weight control to prevent a yo-yo effect. | Yesa | 36 (90.0) | 38 (95.0) |
No | 2 (5.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
DK | 2 (5.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
|
|||
3-3. For weight control, we need to have a very low-calorie diet by limiting calories to 200–800 kcal per day. (n = 39) | Yes | 10 (25.6) | 10 (25.0) |
Noa | 12 (30.8) | 27 (67.5) | |
DK | 17 (43.6) | 3 (7.5) | |
|
|||
3-4. Because fasting would lead to dehydration as well as muscle loss, it could result in fat increase afterwards. | Yesa | 26 (65.0) | 37 (92.5) |
No | 1 (2.5) | 3 (7.5) | |
DK | 13 (32.5) | 0 (0) | |
|
|||
3-5. The one-food diet is a simple and effective weight loss method without side effects. | Yes | 4 (10.0) | 2 (5.0) |
Noa | 32 (80.0) | 38 (95.0) | |
DK | 4 (10.0) | 0 (0) | |
|
|||
3-6. High-protein, low carbohydrate diets are the methods by which people significantly limit carbohydrate consumption and consume as much protein and fat foods as they can without side effects. | Yes | 2 (5.0) | 2 (5.0) |
Noa | 32 (80.0) | 37 (92.5) | |
DK | 6 (15.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
|
|||
Total score of nutrition knowledge (0–160) | 117.0 ± 22.3 | 141.0 ± 21.3 |
Characteristic | Data |
---|---|
Age (y) | 20.5 ± 1.2 |
Gender | |
Male | 2 (5.0) |
Female | 38 (95.0) |
Year of college | |
Freshman | 1 (2.5) |
Sophomore | 18 (45.0) |
Junior | 18 (45.0) |
Senior | 1 (2.5) |
Graduate | 2 (5.0) |
Living conditions (n = 39) | |
Family house | 13 (33.3) |
Rented room | 4 (10.3) |
Dormitory | 20 (51.3) |
Homestay | 1 (2.6) |
Friend’s house | 1 (2.6) |
Average monthly living expense (RMB) (n = 35) | 2,007.1 ± 544.8 |
Current height (cm) (n = 38) | 160.2 ± 6.6 |
Current weight (kg) (n = 38) | 53.5 ± 6.5 |
Current body mass index (kg/m2) | 20.9 ± 2.4 |
Current weight status (n = 38) | |
Underweight | 3 (7.9) |
Normal weight | 30 (78.9) |
Overweight | 3 (7.9) |
Obese | 2 (5.3) |
Variable | Data |
---|---|
Resources for weight control (multiple choice) | |
Newspapers, magazines, television | 17 (42.5) |
Family | 2 (5.0) |
Friends | 6 (15.0) |
Health professionals | 1 (2.5) |
Internet | 34 (85.0) |
Perception of current body size | |
Very thin | 0 (0) |
Slightly thin | 4 (10.0) |
Normal | 16 (40.0) |
Slightly fat | 14 (35.0) |
Very fat | 6 (15.0) |
Satisfaction with current body size (n = 39) | |
Very satisfied | 1 (2.6) |
A little satisfied | 5 (12.8) |
Neutral | 8 (20.5) |
A little dissatisfied | 17 (43.6) |
Very dissatisfied | 8 (20.5) |
Ideal body size (n = 39) | |
Slightly thin | 23 (59.0) |
Normal | 15 (38.5) |
Slightly fat | 1 (2.6) |
Ideal height (cm) | 163.5 ± 4.8 |
Ideal weight (kg) | 51.9 ± 7.0 |
Ideal body mass index (kg/m2) | 19.4 ± 2.5 |
Variable | Data |
---|---|
Self-reported weight control attempts during the past 1 year (n = 40) | |
Making no effort to control weight | 16 (40.0) |
Making an effort to lose weight | 18 (45.0) |
Making an effort to gain weight | 1 (2.5) |
Making an effort to maintain weight | 5 (12.5) |
Weight control methods (n = 24) | |
Exercise | 4 (16.7) |
Fasting (≥ 24 h) | 14 (58.3) |
Eating less | 3 (12.5) |
Taking prescription weight loss medication | 24 (100.0) |
Taking non-prescription weight loss medication | 17 (70.8) |
Taking laxatives or diuretics | 22 (91.7) |
Vomiting | 17 (70.8) |
One-food diet | 19 (79.2) |
Taking Chinese medicine | 23 (95.8) |
Using the fitness center | 21 (87.5) |
Eating food substitutes | 15 (62.5) |
Using the sauna or spa | 21 (87.5) |
High protein, low carbohydrate diets | 17 (70.8) |
Nutrition knowledge survey questions | Options | Subjects (n = 40) | |
---|---|---|---|
| |||
Pretest | Posttest | ||
1. Diet therapy for weight control | |||
1-1. We need to limit carbohydrate consumption as much as we can and mainly consume the meat group for weight control. | Yes | 5 (12.5) | 1 (2.5) |
No | 33 (82.5) | 39 (97.5) | |
DK | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0) | |
| |||
1-2. It is recommended to limit alcohol consumption for weight control, because alcohol contains 7 kcal per gram. | Yes | 34 (85.0) | 28 (70.0) |
No | 3 (7.5) | 10 (25.0) | |
DK | 3 (7.5) | 2 (5.0) | |
| |||
1-3. Although we eat the same amount of food, it is helpful to consume a big portion of food all at once than small portions of food several times for weight control. | Yes | 1 (2.5) | 11 (27.5) |
No | 37 (92.5) | 29 (72.5) | |
DK | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0) | |
| |||
1-4. It is recommended to eat an apple instead of drinking apple juice because solid food makes people feel fuller than does liquid food. | Yes | 26 (65.0) | 34 (85.0) |
No | 8 (20.0) | 5 (12.5) | |
DK | 6 (15.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
| |||
1-5. People can eat fruits as much as they want because fruits are low in calories. | Yes | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0) |
No | 38 (95.0) | 40 (100.0) | |
DK | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| |||
1-6. Meal times should last at least 20 minutes to prevent overeating. (n = 39) | Yes | 21 (53.8) | 35 (89.7) |
No | 11 (28.2) | 1 (2.6) | |
DK | 7 (17.9) | 3 (7.7) | |
| |||
2. Exercise therapy for weight control | |||
| |||
2-1. It is recommended to practice aerobic exercises 5 times and muscle exercises 3 times per week for weight control. | Yes | 22 (55.0) | 36 (90.0) |
No | 4 (10.0) | 3 (7.5) | |
DK | 14 (35.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
| |||
2-2. Exercise intensity should be as high as possible for weight control. | Yes | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) |
No | 38 (95.0) | 39 (97.5) | |
DK | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | |
| |||
2-3. To effectively burn body fat, people should exercise for at least 20 minutes. | Yes | 34 (85.0) | 37 (92.5) |
No | 3 (7.5) | 2 (5.0) | |
DK | 3 (7.5) | 1 (2.5) | |
| |||
2-4. It is recommended to practice both aerobic exercises and muscle exercises for a healthy weight. | Yes | 37 (92.5) | 37 (92.5) |
No | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | |
DK | 2 (5.0) | 2 (5.0) | |
| |||
3. Principles of weight control | |||
| |||
3-1. It is recommended to lose 1 kg per week for safe weight loss. | Yes | 14 (35.0) | 6 (15.0) |
No | 10 (25.0) | 33 (82.5) | |
DK | 16 (40.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
| |||
3-2. It is recommended to undergo both diet therapy and exercise therapy for weight control to prevent a yo-yo effect. | Yes | 36 (90.0) | 38 (95.0) |
No | 2 (5.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
DK | 2 (5.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
| |||
3-3. For weight control, we need to have a very low-calorie diet by limiting calories to 200–800 kcal per day. (n = 39) | Yes | 10 (25.6) | 10 (25.0) |
No | 12 (30.8) | 27 (67.5) | |
DK | 17 (43.6) | 3 (7.5) | |
| |||
3-4. Because fasting would lead to dehydration as well as muscle loss, it could result in fat increase afterwards. | Yes | 26 (65.0) | 37 (92.5) |
No | 1 (2.5) | 3 (7.5) | |
DK | 13 (32.5) | 0 (0) | |
| |||
3-5. The one-food diet is a simple and effective weight loss method without side effects. | Yes | 4 (10.0) | 2 (5.0) |
No | 32 (80.0) | 38 (95.0) | |
DK | 4 (10.0) | 0 (0) | |
| |||
3-6. High-protein, low carbohydrate diets are the methods by which people significantly limit carbohydrate consumption and consume as much protein and fat foods as they can without side effects. | Yes | 2 (5.0) | 2 (5.0) |
No | 32 (80.0) | 37 (92.5) | |
DK | 6 (15.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
| |||
Total score of nutrition knowledge (0–160) | 117.0 ± 22.3 | 141.0 ± 21.3 |
The number of subjects was indicated inside the table if there was any subject with missing data on each variable. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). RMB, Renminbi.
The number of subjects was indicated inside the table if there was any subject with missing data on each variable. Values are presented as number (%) or mean ± standard deviation.
Values are presented as number (%).
Values are presented as number (%) or mean ± standard deviation. Cells with the correct answers to each question. DK, “don’t know”.