Structural determinants |
|
|
Socio-economic and political context |
Political conservatism |
Negative [36] |
|
Political inclinations |
Positive [6] |
|
Political polarization |
Positive [6] |
|
Compact development |
Positive [25] |
|
Geographical area |
Positive [46] |
|
Local economic endowments |
Positive [34] |
|
Communication of government/authorities |
Positive [35] |
|
Governmental recommending for home quarantine |
Positive [6,46] |
|
Religiousbeliefs |
Negative [46,48,52] |
|
Fatalism |
Negative [36] |
|
Conspiracy beliefs |
Negative [52,53,57,63] |
|
Confidence in science |
Positive [52] |
Socio-economic position |
Education (higher education) |
Positive [6,25,38−41,46,47,53,55,56,60] |
|
Occupation |
Positive [39,41,46,47,56,60] |
|
Income |
Positive [23−25,34,36,38,40,41,46,48,53] |
|
Gender (women) |
Positive [6,23,24,28,33,35,36,38−42,46−48,50,51,53−56,60,62] |
|
Race |
Positive [6,24,33,36] |
|
Ethnicity |
Positive [25,33,47] |
Intermediary determinants |
|
|
Living conditions |
Place of living |
Positive [24,31,35, 39,46,48,56] |
|
Housing quality |
Positive [40] |
Working conditions |
Type of work |
Positive [38] |
|
Work in non-governmental sectors |
Negative [39] |
|
Perceived ability to take sick leave |
Positive [36] |
Individual demographic characteristics and health behaviors |
Age (older people) |
Positive [6,23,24,30,35,36,38,39,41,46−48,50,53−56,60] |
|
Marital status (being single/married) |
(being single) Positive [38,42] |
|
|
(being married) Positive [35,43,46,48,56] |
|
Smoking |
Positive [23,39] |
|
Drug or alcohol abuse |
Negative [29] |
COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions |
Health literacy |
Positive [53] |
|
Knowledge |
Positive [30,32,36,42,49−51,59] |
|
Attitudes |
Positive [30,32,36,42,49−51,59] |
|
Risk perceptions |
Positive [30,42,50,51,59] |
Exposure to source and level of COVID-19 information |
Exposure to social media |
Positive [6,23,32] |
|
Exposure to COVID-19 preventive information |
Positive [23] |
|
Source of COVID-19 information |
Positive [48] |
Attitude towards COVID-19 preventive guidelines |
Attitude towards COVID-19 preventive guidelines |
Positive [23] |
Capacity and coping appraisal |
Capacity |
Positive [30] |
|
Coping appraisal |
Positive [32] |
Leisure activities |
Type of leisure activities (more active people) |
Positive [43] |
Social norms |
Social norms |
Positive [26,30,31,35,54,60] |
Trust |
Trust in government |
Positive [54] |
|
Trust in social institutions |
Positive [38] |
Psychosocial well-being |
Psychosocial well-being |
Positive [23,53,61] |
Social support |
Social support |
Positive [44,46,54,61,62] |