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PHRP : Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

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Original Article

Temporal dynamics and forecasting of laboratory-confirmed human nontyphoidal Salmonella cases in Malaysia, 2018–2024: implications for surveillance
Hazlienor Mohd Hatta, Kamarul Imran Musa, Suhaily Mohd Hairon, Nik Mohd Hafiz Mohd Fuzi, Normaizura Mokhter, Norfaizah Sulaiman, Amutha Ayasamy, Rohani Ismail, Rohaidah Hashim, Jason Wei Jian Ng
Received March 25, 2026  Accepted August 9, 2026  Published online October 13, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0293    [Epub ahead of print]
Objectives
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of foodborne illness in Malaysia. Time-series modeling can characterize temporal patterns, although structural disruptions, nonlinear dynamics, and regional variability may affect model performance. This study aimed to characterize NTS seasonality in Malaysia, assess temporal stability, and explore model-based approaches for surveillance.
Methods
Monthly laboratory-confirmed human NTS cases from national laboratory surveillance databases for 2018–2024 were analyzed using time-series models, including autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) models with Fourier terms and an exploratory hybrid ARIMA–long short-term memory (LSTM) model. Interrupted time-series analysis was used to assess structural stability. Anomalies were identified using 95% prediction intervals, and stratified modeling assessed regional heterogeneity.
Results
NTS cases showed recurring annual seasonal patterns of moderate strength, with temporal variation over the study period. A significant decline occurred in March 2020 (β=−62.24 cases, p=0.001), followed by gradual recovery (β=2.71 cases/month, p<0.001), suggesting a marked coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-related disruption and a subsequent positive post-intervention trend. The ARIMA(0,1,1)–Fourier (K=1) model outperformed conventional ARIMA, benchmark, and exponential smoothing models (root mean squared error, 42.9 vs. 51.37–108.79). The hybrid ARIMA–LSTM model provided modest additional improvement, particularly during high-case periods. Model-based anomaly detection identified deviations from expected patterns that coincided with documented outbreak-associated months. Regional heterogeneity in temporal dynamics suggested the need for surveillance strategies tailored to local epidemiological patterns.
Conclusion
Parsimonious models captured most temporal patterns in NTS cases, with only modest gains from more complex approaches. Context-specific modeling strategies, model-based anomaly detection, and tiered surveillance frameworks may support more proactive NTS surveillance in Malaysia.
  • 593 View
  • 10 Download

Review Article

The role of artificial intelligence in managing COVID-19 and long COVID: a narrative review
Bikash Kanti Sarkar, Ambuj Kumar
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):17-31.
Published online February 4, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0347
The role of artificial intelligence in managing COVID-19 and long COVID: a narrative review
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an unprecedented global impact, resulting in both positive and negative consequences. The virus not only affected millions of lives worldwide but also caused long-term harm to multiple organ systems in many survivors, thereby substantially impairing quality of life. This persistent condition is now referred to as long COVID (LC). The aim of this study is to raise awareness of LC-related organ system impacts and to highlight the key role of artificial intelligence (AI) in mitigating these effects. The present research conducts a narrative review focusing on LC-related impacts. In this context, unstructured searches were conducted to identify a total of 69 relevant studies indexed in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, or Scopus, each of which was reviewed by at least 2 experts with sufficient domain knowledge in health sciences. Based on the authors’ perspectives and insights, the review narratively examines damage to human organ systems attributable to LC and explores the role of AI in addressing LC-related challenges. Significant ethical, practical, and societal concerns arising from the extensive use of AI, particularly major issues such as data privacy and algorithmic bias, are also discussed. LC has caused lasting impacts on human organ systems, while AI is offering substantial potential for LC-related care.
  • 3,060 View
  • 100 Download

Original Articles

Analysis of influenza-like illness trends in Saudi Arabia: a comparative study of statistical and deep learning techniques
Fathelrhman EL Guma
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):270-284.
Published online June 12, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0080
Analysis of influenza-like illness trends in Saudi Arabia: a comparative study of statistical and deep learning techniques
Objectives
To develop and evaluate forecasting models using the Holt-Winters statistical approach and the long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning method for weekly seasonal influenza-like illness (ILI) incidences in Saudi Arabia. The study compares model performance and assesses the predictive value added by incorporating region-specific exogenous variables within Middle Eastern epidemiological modeling.
Methods
This study compared the performance of Holt-Winters and LSTM models in forecasting weekly ILI cases in Saudi Arabia, using data collected from 2017 to 2022. Time series analysis integrated exogenous variables including climatic conditions and population mobility trends. The Holt-Winters model employed both additive and multiplicative seasonal components. Model performance was evaluated using root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error, and R2.
Results
The best-performing model, LSTM with exogenous variables, achieved an RMSE of 28.55, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.14, R2 of 0.96, and percent bias (PBIAS) of +2.1%, indicating negligible systematic error. The LSTM model without exogenous variables demonstrated slightly lower accuracy (RMSE of 34.07, MAE of 0.18, R2 of 0.93, PBIAS of +5.8%), indicating strong predictive capability but less precision in determining peak ILI cases. The Holt-Winters model effectively captured seasonal and long-term trends, but showed a moderate performance with an RMSE of 82.57, MAE of 0.38, R2 of 0.58, and a high PBIAS of +14.2%, revealing significant unexplained variability during periods of high incidence fluctuation.
Conclusion
This study highlights the respective strengths and limitations of statistical and machine learning approaches for ILI forecasting.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Early-warning prediction of visceral leishmaniasis mortality using a multivariate STL–deep learning hybrid approach on 20 years of monthly time series
    Fathelrhman El Guma, Maaweya Awadalla, Halah Z. Al Rawi, Bashayer Saeed, Huda M. Alshanbari, Alshaikh A. Shokeralla, Bandar Alosaimi
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A hybrid STL–LightGBM framework with probabilistic forecasting for Influenza A incidence in the post-pandemic Saudi Arabia
    Reham M. Alahmadi, Maaweya Awadalla, Bashayer Saeed, Huda M. Alshanbari, Alshaikh A. Shokeralla, Ali Atif Yassin, Bandar Alosaimi, Fathelrhman El Guma
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Bayesian inference for modeling seasonal influenza transmission under control measures
    Rania Saadeh, Naseam Al-Kuleab, Fathelrhman EL Guma, Alshaikh A. Shokeralla, Suliman Jamiel M. Abdalla, Mohamed A. Abdoon, Mohamed Hafez
    Results in Control and Optimization.2026; 23: 100714.     CrossRef
  • Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Seasonal Influenza Trends in Saudi Arabia: A Tool for Regional Public Health Planning
    Alshaikh A. Shokeralla, Fathelrhman El Guma, Ali H. Abdalla, Amal E.Y. Hagsddig, Rahma AbuBakr Musa, M.A.M. Eltaweel, Abdelaziz H. Elawad, Ibrahim Elshamy
    International Journal of Statistics in Medical Res.2025; 14: 688.     CrossRef
  • 3,692 View
  • 93 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Immunoinformatics approach for design novel multi-epitope prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine based on capsid proteins L1 and L2 and oncoproteins E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus 16 and human papillomavirus 18 against cervical cancer
Nicholas Ryan, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Mardhia Mardhia, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Delima Fajar Liana, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):307-328.
Published online July 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0013
Immunoinformatics approach for design novel multi-epitope prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine based on capsid proteins L1 and L2 and oncoproteins E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus 16 and human papillomavirus 18 against cervical cancer
Objectives
This study aimed to identify the optimal protein construction for designing a multi-epitope vaccine with both prophylactic and therapeutic effects against cervical cancer, utilizing an immunoinformatics approach. The construction process involved using capsid epitopes L1 and L2, as well as oncoproteins E5, E6, and E7 from human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18.
Methods
An experimental in silico analysis with an immunoinformatics approach was used to develop 2 multi-epitope vaccine constructs (A and B). Further analysis was then conducted to compare the constructs and select the one with the highest potential against cervical cancer.
Results
This study produced 2 antigenic, non-allergenic, and nontoxic multi-epitope vaccine constructs (A and B), which exhibited the ideal physicochemical properties for a vaccine. Further analysis revealed that construct B effectively induced both cellular and humoral immune responses.
Conclusion
The multi-epitope vaccine construct B for HPV 16 and 18, designed for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes, met the development criteria for a cervical cancer vaccine. However, these findings need to be validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Citations

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  • In-silico design and evaluation of a novel mRNA vaccine against human bocavirus 1: A neglected viral pathogen
    Aleeza Rubab, Asifa Sarfraz, Muhammad Umer Khan, Khaled Fahmi Fawy, Mohibullah Shah
    Computers in Biology and Medicine.2026; 200: 111344.     CrossRef
  • Design of a Multi‐Epitope Vaccine Targeting α‐Synuclein for Parkinson's Disease Using Immunoinformatics Tools
    Tatiane Batista dos Santos, Helena de Almeida Cerqueira Kodel, Geniana da Silva Gomes, Tatiane de Oliveira Xavier Machado, Dalton Ferreira Matos, Rafael Junqueira Borges, Daniela Droppa‐Almeida, Margarete Zanardo Gomes
    Peptide Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In-silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Strongyloides stercoralis
    Yanick Aqua Stong Tangan, G. Takop Nchanji, Eric Ndumu, Abey Blessings Ayuk, Kongnyu Brandon Ngala, Melvis Berinyuy Dulandzev, Ntang Emmaculate Yaah, Lahngong Methodius Shinyuy, Cabirou Mounchili Shintouo, Bernis Neneyoh Yengo, Andreen Egbe Enowkpen, Mary
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The current landscape of therapeutic vaccination approaches for treatment of HPV-dependent malignancies
    Johanne Audouze-Chaud, Ann-Katrin Schlosser, Angelika B. Riemer
    npj Vaccines.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Design of Multi‐Epitope DIVA‐Compatible Vaccine Candidate Against Canine Parvovirus 2
    Shubham Sharma, Pratishtha Sharma, Ravindra Pal Mandar, Ram Kumar, Ashok Gaur, Mamta Gurjar, Rajesh Singathia, Braj Nandan Shringi, Sunita Choudhary, Amit Kumar Pandey
    Journal of Molecular Recognition.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A bioinformatics pipeline for the design of a SART3-targeted cancer vaccine with enhanced immunogenicity
    Zeynab Bayat, Faezeh Mahdian-Khoo, Lida Samie, Amir Taherkhani
    Genomics & Informatics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Computational design of a novel chimeric multi-epitope vaccine against chlamydia trachomatis serovar a to prevent trachoma
    Muhammad Irsyad Amien, Bimanda Rizki Nurhidayat, Siti Ulfatur Rizqa, Siti Zahra Arfiani, Latiefah Noer Widiastuti, Galuh Prasasti Isbach
    Brazilian Journal of Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Computationally guided multi-epitope vaccine design targeting oncoprotein BZLF1, EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2 for of EBV associated gastric cancer
    Elvin Delonio, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Herlina Eka Shinta, Sari Eka Pratiwi
    Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immunoinformatics Approach to Develop a Novel Chimeric L1/L2 Messenger RNA-based Vaccine Targeting a Broad Spectrum of Human Papillomavirus Species
    Nshimiyimana Sylvere, James Kimotho, Caroline Wangari Ngugi
    World's Veterinary Journal.2025; 15(2): 341.     CrossRef
  • Multi-epitope vaccine construct against Staphylococcus aureus : insights from immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulations
    K. Nachammai, P. Sangavi, K. Abishek, K. Langeswaran
    SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research.2025; 36(9): 795.     CrossRef
  • Designing a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against HPV 16, 18, 33, and 45 Targeting L1 and E7 Proteins: An Immunoinformatics Approach for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Therapy
    Md. Touki Tahamid Tusar, Niamul Haq, Hafizur Rahman Gazi, Raduyan Farazi, Mamun Bhuya, Md. Enamul Haque, Md. Golzar Hossain, Abdullah-Al-Jubayer
    Bioinformatics and Biology Insights.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Modulation of epithelial homeostasis by HPV using Notch and Wnt
    June See Chong, John Doorbar
    Tumour Virus Research.2024; 18: 200297.     CrossRef
  • 8,188 View
  • 202 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Laboratory investigations of herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 clinical samples in Korea
Eun Ju Oh, Young Sam Yuk, Jae Kyung Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(6):385-389.
Published online December 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0146
Objectives
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections have been reported in 60% to 95% of the adult population worldwide, making them one of the most common infectious conditions globally. HSV-1 and HSV-2 cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide information that could be used to reduce the incidence of genital herpes caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2.
Methods
From September 2018 to December 2020, 59,381 specimens were collected from outpatients across primary and secondary hospitals in Korea who requested U2Bio (Seoul, Korea) to conduct molecular biological testing of their samples for sexually transmitted infections. In this study, the positivity rates of HSV-1 and HSV-2 were analyzed according to age, sex, and specimen type.
Results
In the age-specific analysis of HSV-1, the highest positivity rate (0.58%) was observed in patients under 19 years of age, whereas the lowest positivity rate (0.08%) was observed in patients aged over 70 years. In the age-specific analysis of HSV-2, the highest positivity rate (2.53%) was likewise observed in patients under 19 years of age.
Conclusion
Our study identified differences in the infection rates of HSV-1 and HSV-2 depending on patients’ sex and age. These differences will be useful for improving disease prevention and control measures for HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Citations

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  • Nanomedicine in the development of vaccines against Herpesviridae: a narrative review
    Diana Hsin-Yu Lee, William Lee, Horacio Bach
    Nanomedicine.2026; 21(2): 305.     CrossRef
  • Laboratory Diagnostic Tests for Human Herpesvirus Infections
    Jayoung Kim, Seri Jeong, Hae In Bang, Hyun Soo Kim
    Laboratory Medicine Online.2025; 15(3): 188.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological Characteristics of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in 177,599 Patients Based on PCR Testing in South Korea (2018–2022)
    Hyeong Ho Kim, Sung Hun Jang, Jeong Su Han, Jae-Sik Jeon, Jae Kyung Kim
    Pathogens.2025; 14(11): 1107.     CrossRef
  • Rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 bloodstream infections utilizing a sample-to-answer platform
    Wei Zhen, Farah Sheikh, Dwayne A. Breining, Gregory J. Berry, Melissa B. Miller
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Analysis of HSV1/2 Infection Reveals an Association between HSV-2 Reactivation and Pregnancy
    Sara Dovrat, Adar Shabat, Anat Yahav-Dovrat, Zvia Soufiev, Ella Mendelson, Ela Kashi-Zagdoun, Galia Rahav
    Viruses.2024; 16(9): 1370.     CrossRef
  • 17,038 View
  • 149 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
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Review Article

The role of lipids in the pathophysiology of coronavirus infections
Milad Zandi, Parastoo Hosseini, Saber Soltani, Azadeh Rasooli, Mona Moghadami, Sepideh Nasimzadeh, Farzane Behnezhad
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(5):278-285.
Published online October 15, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0153
The role of lipids in the pathophysiology of coronavirus infections
Coronaviruses, which have been known to cause diseases in animals since the 1930s, utilize cellular components during their replication cycle. Lipids play important roles in viral infection, as coronaviruses target cellular lipids and lipid metabolism to modify their host cells to become an optimal environment for viral replication. Therefore, lipids can be considered as potential targets for the development of antiviral agents. This review provides an overview of the roles of cellular lipids in different stages of the life cycle of coronaviruses.

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  • The Enigmatic Conserved Q134-F135-N137 Triad in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: A Conformational Transducer?
    Marine Lefebvre, Henri Chahinian, Nouara Yahi, Jacques Fantini
    Biomolecules.2026; 16(1): 111.     CrossRef
  • The role of lipid molecules in the pathogenesis of viral gastroenteritis
    Nastaran Khodadad, Milad Zandi, Shokufeh Akbarinia, Mona Fani, Shokrollah Salmanzadeh, Samaneh Abbasi
    Future Virology.2026; 21(3): 219.     CrossRef
  • Divergent lipid utilization strategies of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV revealed by comparative multi-omics profiling of infected mouse lung tissues
    Yeonseo Jang, Hyeran Kim, Yufei Li, Jae-Seung Lee, Jaehoon Lee, Han-Woong Lee, Nam-Hyuk Cho, Joo-Youn Cho
    Frontiers in Immunology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Homeostasis of Calnexin Is Essential for the Growth, Virulence, and Hypovirus RNA Accumulation in the Chestnut Blight Fungus
    Tao Huang, Xiaoling Ma, Ziqi Zhao, Danna Qin, Weiye Qin, Jinzi Wang, Baoshan Chen, Xipu He
    Molecular Microbiology.2025; 123(5): 393.     CrossRef
  • PEDV inhibits HNRNPA3 expression by miR-218-5p to enhance cellular lipid accumulation and promote viral replication
    Xiaojie Shi, Qi Zhang, Naling Yang, Quanqiong Wang, Yanxia Zhang, Xingang Xu, Xiang-Jin Meng, Ying Fang
    mBio.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Understanding the Molecular Actions of Spike Glycoprotein in SARS-CoV-2 and Issues of a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for the COVID-19 Vaccine
    Yasunari Matsuzaka, Ryu Yashiro
    BioMedInformatics.2024; 4(2): 1531.     CrossRef
  • Orsay Virus Infection of Caenorhabditis elegans Is Modulated by Zinc and Dependent on Lipids
    Luis Alberto Casorla-Perez, Ranya Guennoun, Ciro Cubillas, Bo Peng, Kerry Kornfeld, David Wang, Rebecca Ellis Dutch
    Journal of Virology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 12,433 View
  • 203 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Natural Infection with Rabies Virus: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Human Brains
Firouzeh Farahtaj, Leila Alizadeh, Alireza Gholami, Alireza Tahamtan, Sadegh Shirian, Maryam Fazeli, Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad, Ali Gorji, Hamid Mahmoudzadeh Niknam, Amir Ghaemi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(1):6-11.
Published online February 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.1.03
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>Despite all the efforts and increased knowledge of rabies, the exact mechanisms of infection and mortality from the rabies virus are not well understood. To understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of rabies virus infection, it is crucial to study the tissue that the rabies virus naturally infects in humans.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>Cerebellum brain tissue from 9 human post mortem cases from Iran, who had been infected with rabies virus, were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically to evaluate the innate immune responses against the rabies virus.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>Histopathological examination revealed inflammation of the infected cerebellum and immunohistochemical analyses showed an increased immunoreactivity of heat shock protein 70, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, caspase-3, caspase-9, toll-like receptor3 and toll-like receptor4 in the infected brain tissue.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>These results indicated the involvement of innate immunity in rabies infected human brain tissue, which may aggravate the progression of this deadly disease.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • Evaluation of the effectiveness of cerium nanoparticles as a potential adjuvant in veterinary rabies vaccine
    Milad Zandi, Javad Malakootikhah, Mohammad Sadeq Khosravy, Shohreh Shahmahmoudi, Abbas Mirshafiey, Rouzbeh Bashar, Behzad Pourhossein, Firouzeh Farahtaj, Reza Ahangari Cohan, Maryam Fazeli
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2026; 213: 108366.     CrossRef
  • The Critical Role of Rabies Prevention in Public Health
    Nazanin Shabansalmani, Maryam Fazeli, Hesamoddin Ahmadi Afzadi, Behzad Pourhossein, Rouzbeh Bashar
    International Journal of Environmental Health Engi.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Peripheral human mAb therapy yields modulation of neuroinflammation and long-term functional recovery from lyssavirus infection
    Celeste Huaman, Yan Xu, Nathaniel M. Lott, Elise M. Santorella, Madeline Rader, Allison M. Strazzella, Caitlyn Clouse, Jocelyn M. King, Mattie Melnyk, Junping Hong, Lianying Yan, Adrian C. Paskey, Andrea E. Luquette, Francisco Malagon, Regina Z. Cer, Kimb
    Emerging Microbes & Infections.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors toward rabies among urban residents in Bangkok, Thailand: Implications for targeted One Health rabies elimination strategies
    Kittithat Luenglertamorn, Taksaporn Borvornpadungkitti, Rapee Luangyawee, Siwat Choksuchat, Atithan Paoya, Anisa Techakunpongkorn, Seema Vijay Medhe, Manoj Tukaram Kamble, Saharuetai Jeamsripong
    Veterinary World.2026; : 4159.     CrossRef
  • Morphological features of central and peripheral nervous system involvement in rabies with perivascular changes
    L.V. Moroz, A.M. Berezovskyi, O.S. Androsova, S.M. Kulias, O.O. Popovych, I.Yu. Bondaruk, V.S. Sherstiuk
    Reports of Morphology.2026; 32(3): 24.     CrossRef
  • A comparative analysis of the dendritic cell response upon exposure to different rabies virus strains
    Keshia Kroh, Merel R. te Marvelde, Lars W. van Greuningen, Brigitta M. Laksono, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Thijs Kuiken, Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel, Carmen W. E. Embregts, Husain Poonawala
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2025; 19(4): e0012994.     CrossRef
  • Postmortem diagnosis of human rabies viral encephalitis: Insights into pathogenesis through the vigilant lens of the forensic pathologist!
    Ravi H Phulware, Akash Dhiman, Yashpal Sindhu, Ravi P Meshram, Salu Chandran, Arvind Kumar
    Medico-Legal Journal.2025; 93(4): 244.     CrossRef
  • Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Neurodegeneration of Neurotropic Viral Infection
    Prapimpun Wongchitrat, Theerawut Chanmee, Piyarat Govitrapong
    Molecular Neurobiology.2024; 61(5): 2881.     CrossRef
  • Systematic development of immunohistochemistry protocol for large cryosections-specific to non-perfused fetal brain
    Karthika Pandurangan, Jaikishan Jayakumar, Stephen Savoia, Reetuparna Nanda, S. Lata, E. Harish Kumar, Suresh S., Sudha Vasudevan, Chitra Srinivasan, Jayaraj Joseph, Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam, Richa Verma
    Journal of Neuroscience Methods.2024; 405: 110085.     CrossRef
  • Biosensor as an alternative diagnostic method for rabies virus detection: A literature review
    Milad Zandi, Sajad Zandi, Ramin Mohammadi, Parastoo Hosseini, Samane Teymouri, Saber Soltani, Azadeh Rasouli
    Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry.2022; 69(4): 1348.     CrossRef
  • Immunohistochemical diagnosis of human infectious diseases: a review
    Hamadou Oumarou Hama, Gérard Aboudharam, Rémi Barbieri, Hubert Lepidi, Michel Drancourt
    Diagnostic Pathology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rabies Virus-Infected Human and Canine Brains
    Pulleri Kandi Harsha, Sathyanarayanan Ranganayaki, Gowri Yale, Gourav Dey, Kiran K. Mangalaparthi, Anusha Yarlagadda, B. K. Chandrasekhar Sagar, Anita Mahadevan, M. M. Srinivas Bharath, Reeta S. Mani
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    Rabi Narayan Hota, Shalendra Singh, Rakesh Sharma, Pallavi Khandare
    Journal of Acute Disease.2022; 11(3): 129.     CrossRef
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    Firouzeh Farahtaj, Alireza Gholami, Mohammad Sadeq Khosravy, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Hamid Mahmoudzadeh Niknam, Amir Ghaemi
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 157: 104971.     CrossRef
  • Establishment of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons—A Promising In Vitro Model for a Molecular Study of Rabies Virus and Host Interaction
    Thanathom Chailangkarn, Nathiphat Tanwattana, Thanakorn Jaemthaworn, Sira Sriswasdi, Nanchaya Wanasen, Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang, Kantinan Leetanasaksakul, Yuparat Jantraphakorn, Wanapinun Nawae, Penpicha Chankeeree, Porntippa Lekcharoensuk, Boonlert L
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(21): 11986.     CrossRef
  • Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Regulatory T Cells in Neurotropic Virus Infections
    Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz, Vanessa Herder, Andreas Beineke
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(5): 1705.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of the Th17 profile immune response in cases of human rabies transmitted by dogs and its interference in the disease pathogenesis.
    L.B. Santos, F. Guedes, S.M. Achkar, M.I.S. Duarte, I.S.S. Katz, S.R. Silva, E.R. Fernandes
    Journal of Neuroimmunology.2020; 344: 577263.     CrossRef
  • Quantitative proteomics leads to identify dog brain proteins involved in rabies virus infection: implication in understanding viral pathophysiology
    Suchismita Behera, Rajesh Raghunath Pharande, R. Rajendra Reddy, Sharmila B. Majee, Sandeepan Mukherjee, Amol Ratnakar Suryawanshi
    Journal of Proteins and Proteomics.2020; 11(4): 241.     CrossRef
  • Feral dog bite causing paralytic rabies: Difficult diagnosis and failure of prevention
    Hussein Algahtani, Bader Shirah, Emna Chtourou, Osama Abuhawi, Nawal Abdelghaffar, Mohammad Alshehri
    Saudi Journal for Health Sciences.2020; 9(3): 260.     CrossRef
  • 16,151 View
  • 340 Download
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Brief Report

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Sakuranetin against Human Rhinovirus 3
Hwa-Jung Choi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(6):415-420.
Published online December 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.6.09
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Rhinoviruses (RVs) cause common cold and are associated with exacerbation of chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases. Until now, no clinically effective antiviral chemotherapeutic agents to treat diseases caused by human rhinoviruses (HRVs) have been reported. We assessed the anti-HRV3 activity of sakuranetin isolated from <italic>Sorbus commixta</italic> Hedl. in human epithelioid carcinoma cervix (HeLa) cells, to evaluate its anti-rhinoviral potential in the clinical setting.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Antiviral activity and cytotoxicity as well as the effect of sakuranetin on HRV3-induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) were evaluated using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method using CPE reduction. The morphology of HRV3-infected cells was studied using a light microscope.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Sakuranetin actively inhibited HRV3 replication and exhibited antiviral activity of more than 67% without cytotoxicity in HeLa cells, at 100 μg/mL. Ribavirin showed anti-HRV3 activity similar to that of sakuranetin. Treatment of HRV-infected HeLa cells with sakuranetin visibly reduced CPEs.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The inhibition of HRV production by sakuranetin is mainly due to its general antioxidant activity through inhibition of viral adsorption. Therefore, the antiviral activity of sakuranetin should be further investigated to elucidate its mode of action and prevent HRV3-mediated diseases in pathological conditions.</p></sec>

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    Poliana Gomes da Silva, Elton José Ferreira Chaves, Tania Maria Sarmento Silva, Gerd Bruno Rocha, Willyenne Marília Dantas, Ronaldo Nascimento de Oliveira, Lindomar José Pena
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    Hwa-Jung Choi
    Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2022; 52(1): 20.     CrossRef
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    Qiumeng Sun, Song Gao, Shiqin Yu, Pu Zheng, Jingwen Zhou
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    Irina Georgieva, Asya Stoyanova, Svetla Angelova, Savina Stoitsova, Silvia Voleva, Neli Korsun, Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb
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    Monika Stompor
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    Agnieszka Sołtys, Agnieszka Galanty, Irma Podolak
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    Viive Sarv, Petras Rimantas Venskutonis, Rajeev Bhat
    Antioxidants.2020; 9(9): 813.     CrossRef
  • Suppression of influenzaBvirus replication by sakuranetin and mode of its action
    Dur‐Han Kwon, Jeong‐Hun Ji, Soon‐Ho Yim, Byoung‐Soo Kim, Hwa‐Jung Choi
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Original Article

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients in Hamadan, Iran
Fariba Keramat, Mohammad Mehdi Majzobi, Jalal Poorolajal, Zohreh Zarei Ghane, Maryam Adabi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(4):282-288.
Published online August 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.4.09
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Brucellosis is a systemic disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in Hamadan Province in the west of Iran.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A total of 157 HIV-infected patients were screened through standard serological tests, including Wright’s test, Coombs’ Wright test, and 2-mercaptoethanol <italic>Brucella</italic> agglutination test (2ME test), blood cultures in Castaneda media, and CD4 counting. Data were analyzed using Stata version 11.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Wright and Coombs’ Wright tests were carried out, and only 5 (3.2%) patients had positive serological results. However, all patients had negative 2ME results, and blood cultures were negative for <italic>Brucella</italic> spp. Moreover, patients with positive serology and a mean CD4 count of 355.8 ± 203.11 cells/μL had no clinical manifestations of brucellosis, and, and the other patients had a mean CD4 count of 335.55 ± 261.71 cells/μL.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Results of this study showed that HIV infection is not a predisposing factor of acquiring brucellosis.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • Comparative Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for Brucellosis in Humans and Animals: A Meta-Analytical Approach
    Shahid Nazir, Muhammad Farooq, Raheel Khan, Aman Ullah Khan, Ali Husnain, Muhammad Ali Hassan, Hosny El-Adawy, Heinrich Neubauer
    Veterinary Sciences.2025; 12(7): 638.     CrossRef
  • A case of brucellosis concomitant with HIV infection in China
    Shuai-Bing Dong, Li-Ping Wang, Chao-Xue Wu, Fan Li, Yong Yue, Dong-Ri Piao, Hong-Yan Zhao, Hai Jiang
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  • Investigation of Linc-MAF-4 expression as an effective marker in brucellosis
    Reza Gheitasi, Fariba Keramat, Ghasem Solgi, Mehrdad Hajilooi
    Molecular Immunology.2020; 123: 60.     CrossRef
  • Human Brucellosis: Risks and Prevalence among Iranian Blood Donors Residing in Endemic Areas
    Maryam Zadsar, Mohammad Reza Shirzadi, Mohammad Zeynali, Mahboubeh Rasouli, Gharib Karimi
    Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy.2020; 47(2): 103.     CrossRef
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    Richard Migisha, Dan Nyehangane, Yap Boum, Anne-Laure Page, Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa, Raquel Conde-Álvarez, Fred Bagenda, Maryline Bonnet
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Brief Report

Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Zanthoxylum Species Against Picornaviruses
Hwa-Jung Choi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(6):400-403.
Published online December 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.11.003
Human rhinoviruses and enteroviruses (family Picornaviridae) infect millions of people worldwide each year, but little is known about effective therapeutical treatment for the infection caused by these viruses. We sought to determine whether or not <i>Zanthoxylum</i> (Rutaceae) species can exhibit antiviral activity against picornaviruses. The leaf parts of four <i>Zanthoxylum</i> species were extracted with methanol, and the extracts were investigated for their antiviral activity against picornaviruses using cytopathic effects by cytopathic effect reduction. Leaf extracts of <i>Zanthoxylum piperitum</i> among four <i>Zanthoxylum</i> species were found to possess only broad-spectrum antipicornavirus activity against human rhninovirus 2 with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) value of 59.48 μg/mL, human rhinovirus 3 with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 39.94 μg/mL, coxsackie A16 virus with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 45.80 μg/mL, coxsackie B3 virus with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 68.53 μg/mL, coxsackie B4 virus with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 93.58 μg/mL, and enterovirus 71 virus with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 4.48 μg/mL. However, ribavirin did not possess antiviral activity against human rhinovirus 3 and four enteroviruses. Therefore, leaves of <i>Z. piperitum</i> showed broad-spectrum antipicornavirus activity, and may be useful as a candidate for studying picornavirus agents and development of pharmaceuticals.

Citations

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  • LC-MS/MS profiling of Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC. leaves cultivated in Egypt, isolation of its bioactive components, and interrelationships with anti-ulcerative activities: in vitro and in vivo approaches, molecular docking, and dynamics studies
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    Hyeong Jae Kim, Jeong Hee Hong
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    Chang-Seob Seo
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    Falah Saleh Mohammed, İmran Uysal, Mustafa Sevindik
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    Yangchuan Deng, Zhoujian He, Yanlin Li, Meng Ye, Li Xiang
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    Janmejaya Rout, Bikash Chandra Swain, Umakanta Tripathy
    Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics.2022; 40(2): 860.     CrossRef
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    Damle Latha, Damle Hrishikesh, Ganju Shiban, C Chandrashekar, BR Bharath
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    Ngouana Moffo A. Ivane, Suleiman A. Haruna, Marcillinus Zekrumah, Fopa Kue Roméo Elysé, Mohamed Osman Hassan, Sulafa B.H. Hashim, Haroon Elrasheid Tahir, Di Zhang
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    Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu, Joseph Chinedum Ndefo, Emmanuel Chigozie Aham, Chibuike. C. Udenigwe
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Weili Li, Yao Wu, Yushu Liu, Yong Tang, Zhenming Che, Tao Wu
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    Hoehnea.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yue Ji, Shiming Li, Chi-Tang Ho
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    Parvaneh Mehrbod, Muna Ali Abdalla, Fatemeh Fotouhi, Masoumeh Heidarzadeh, Abimbola O. Aro, Jacobus N. Eloff, Lyndy J. McGaw, Folorunso O. Fasina
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  • Anti-allergic Inflammatory Effects of the Essential Oil From Fruits of Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai
    Rui Hong Guo, Jung Up Park, Se Jin Jo, Jae Hun Ahn, Jong Hwan Park, Ji Yoon Yang, Sung Suk Lee, Mi Jin Park, Young Ran Kim
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oil from Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai on Melanin Production: Protection Against Re-Pigmentation after Laser Treatment
    Ye-Na Kim, Mi-Jin Park, Zhenlong Zheng, Sung-Suk Lee, Kwang Ho Yoo, Heesu Kim
    Medical Lasers.2018; 7(2): 62.     CrossRef
  • Antiviral effect of compounds derived from Angelica archangelica L. on Herpes simplex virus-1 and Coxsackievirus B3 infections
    Barbara Rajtar, Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak, Łukasz Świątek, Agnieszka Stec, Anastazja Boguszewska, Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
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Original Articles

No Detection of Episomal or Integrated High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinomas among Korean Population
Jeong Eun Lee, Yong-Moon Lee, In-Ock Seong, Min-Woong Kang, Choong Sik Lee, Kyung-Hee Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(6):356-359.
Published online December 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.10.004
Objectives
High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is known to be a representative cancer-causing agent in the genital and head and neck regions. Many studies have detected hrHPV DNA in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. However, hrHPV–etiologic correlation in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma remains unclear. This study is designed to determine the prevalence of episomal or integrated hrHPV DNA in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma among the Korean population.
Methods
Surgically resected nonsmall cell lung carcinoma tissues, including 134 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and 99 cases of adenocarcinoma (ADC), were examined. <i>In situ</i> hybridization (ISH) for detecting episomal or integrated hrHPV DNA was performed using the INFORM HPV III Family 16 Probe (B) in the Ventana-validated assay. Anyplex II HPV28 detection kit based on real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for HPV DNA detection and genotyping.
Results
All members of the study population were of Korean ethnicity. Episomal or integrated hrHPV DNA ISH analysis result was negative in all 233 cases. One SqCC of 89 samples (42 SqCCs and 47 ADCs) was positive for an hrHPV genotype by Anyplex II HPV28 detection kit.
Conclusion
Our finding did not demonstrate hrHPV–etiologic correlation in primary lung SqCC and ADC in the Korean population.

Citations

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  • HPV and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review
    Telma Sequeira, Rui Pinto, Carlos Cardoso, Catarina Almeida, Rita Aragão, Teresa Almodovar, Manuel Bicho, Maria Clara Bicho, Cristina Bárbara
    Cancers.2024; 16(19): 3325.     CrossRef
  • HPV and lung cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
    Julia Karnosky, Wolfgang Dietmaier, Helge Knuettel, Viola Freigang, Myriam Koch, Franziska Koll, Florian Zeman, Christian Schulz
    Cancer Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Presence and activity of HPV in primary lung cancer
    Talita Helena Araujo de Oliveira, Carolina Medeiros do Amaral, Bianca de França São Marcos, Kamylla Conceição Gomes Nascimento, Ana Carine de Miranda Rios, Dafne Carolina Alves Quixabeira, Maria Tereza Cartaxo Muniz, Jacinto da Costa Silva Neto, Antonio C
    Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2018; 144(12): 2367.     CrossRef
  • 6,188 View
  • 31 Download
  • Crossref
Trends and Characteristics of HIV Infection among Suspected Tuberculosis Cases in Public Health Centers in Korea: 2001–2013
Meekyung Kee, Kyoung-Ho Lee, Sae-Young Lee, Chun Kang, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(Suppl):S37-S42.
Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.11.002
Objectives
The Republic of Korea reports approximately 35,000 new tuberculosis (TB) patients each year, and the number of HIV-infected individuals is steadily increasing. Public health centers (PHCs) conduct TB diagnosis and treatment for risk groups in communities. This study aimed to identify possible trends and characteristics of HIV infection among suspected TB cases in PHCs.
Methods
Study subjects were suspected TB cases in PHCs who agreed to be tested for HIV from 2001 to 2013. Trends in HIV seroprevalence were assessed through a series of annual cross-sectional analyses. We analyzed suspected TB cases, and HIV-infected individuals among suspected TB cases, by gender, age, nationality, and region.
Results
The number of suspected tuberculosis cases who took an HIV test in PHCs was approximately 6,000 each year from 2001 to 2013. Among the suspected TB cases who took an HIV test, the number of those aged 20–39 is gradually decreasing, while the number of those aged 50–69 is increasing. During this period, 32 HIV-infected individuals were identified; the majority were men (94%), aged 30–49 (68%), Korean (94%), and residents in a metropolitan area (53%). HIV seroprevalence decreased from 8.2 per 10,000 persons in 2001 to 1.9 per 10,000 persons in 2013.
Conclusion
This study has identified trends and characteristics of HIV infection among suspected tuberculosis cases in PHCs. This national data provides a basis for public health policy for HIV and tuberculosis infections.

Citations

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  • Epidemiological Trends, Transmission Dynamics, and Mortality Patterns of HIV/AIDS in South Korea, 1985–2024: A Comprehensive Regression and Time Series Analysis with Projections to 2028
    Hyeran Jung, Minsun Jung
    Viruses.2026; 18(7): 784.     CrossRef
  • Is Tuberculosis Still the Number One Infectious Disease in Korea?
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5: S1.     CrossRef
  • 5,736 View
  • 34 Download
  • Crossref

Brief Report

Acute Human Cytomegalovirus Infection with Bleeding in Iran
Behzad Pourhossein, Farhad Yaghmaei, Saber Esmaeili, Omid Banafshi, Shahla Afrasiabian, Mohammad Reza Shirzadi, Mark Schleiss, Ehsan Mostafavi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(6):383-386.
Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.003
In December 2011, a 42-year-old male farmer was admitted to a hospital in Sanandaj (Western Iran) with fever and anemia in order to check whether he suffered from some infectious diseases. During the first 3 days after admission, the patient gradually developed progressive oliguria, fever, abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant, leukocytosis with toxic granulation, petechiae and ecchymosis, oral bleeding, and vomiting. The sonographic findings revealed splenomegaly and an increase in the thickness of the gall bladder wall. In order to manage the patient and taking into consideration the most probable differential diagnoses, diagnostic tests were performed on two blood samples collected from him, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for human cytomegalovirus was positive.
  • 5,069 View
  • 42 Download

Original Articles

Objectives
To locate a plant with suitable phytochemicals for use as antimicrobial agents to control multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria as a complementary medicine, without host toxicity as monitored through cultured lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood.
Methods
The methanol crude leaf extract of the plant <i>Woodfordia fruticosa</i> was subjected to antimicrobial assay <i>in vitro</i> with nine pathogenic MDR bacteria from clinical samples. This was followed by bioassay-guided fractionation with seven non-polar to polar solvents, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the <i>n</i>-butanol fraction, and monitoring of the host toxicity of the leaf extract with <i>in vitro</i> grown lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood.
Results
The leaf extract of <i>W</i>. <i>fruticosa</i> had a controlling capacity for MDR bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the <i>n</i>-butanol fraction were < 1.89 mg/mL extract and 9.63 mg/mL extract, respectively. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry spectrum of the <i>n</i>-butanol fraction confirmed the presence of 13 peaks of different compounds with retention times of 9.11 minutes, 9.72 minutes, 10.13 minutes, 10.78 minutes, 12.37 minutes, 12.93 minutes, 18.16 minutes, 21.74 minutes, 21.84 minutes, 5.96 minutes, 12.93 minutes, 24.70 minutes, and 25.76 minutes. The six leading compounds were: diethyl phthalate: <bold>IUPAC name:</bold> diethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate; 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl) phenol: <bold>IUPAC name:</bold> 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylphenol; (E )-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1-thiol: <bold>IUPAC name:</bold> (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1-thiol; 2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (E,E ): <bold>IUPAC name:</bold> 2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol; 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (E,E); 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) phenol: <bold>IUPAC name:</bold> 2-methoxy-4-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]phenol; hexadecanoic acid: <bold>IUPAC name:</bold> hexadecanoic acid.
Conclusion
The presence of antimicrobial compounds that are therapeutically potent against MDR bacteria was confirmed in <i>W. fruticosa.</i> The crude leaf extract showed no host toxicity with human lymphocytes; the <i>n</i>-butanol fraction of the extract was the most suitable bioactive fraction. The terpenes isolated were: 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl) phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) phenol, 2,6-octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-(<i>E</i>)-2,6-octadienal, 3,7-dimethylcyclohexanol, and cyclohexanol, 2-methylene-5-(1-methylethenyl) which were reported to have specifically antimicrobial activity.

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Role of Active and Inactive Cytotoxic Immune Response in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Dynamics
Hernan Dario Toro Zapata, Angelica Graciela Caicedo Casso, Derdei Bichara, Sunmi Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(1):3-8.
Published online February 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.01.001
Objectives
Mathematical models can be helpful to understand the complex dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus infection within a host. Most of work has studied the interactions of host responses and virus in the presence of active cytotoxic immune cells, which decay to zero when there is no virus. However, recent research highlights that cytotoxic immune cells can be inactive but never be depleted.
Methods
We propose a mathematical model to investigate the human immunodeficiency virus dynamics in the presence of both active and inactive cytotoxic immune cells within a host. We explore the impact of the immune responses on the dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus infection under different disease stages.
Results
Standard mathematical and numerical analyses are presented for this new model. Specifically, the basic reproduction number is computed and local and global stability analyses are discussed.
Conclusion
Our results can give helpful insights when designing more effective drug schedules in the presence of active and inactive immune responses.

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National Biobank of Korea: Quality control Programs of Collected-human Biospecimens
Jae-Eun Lee, Ji-Hyun Kim, Eun-Jung Hong, Hye Sook Yoo, Hye-Young Nam, Ok Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2012;3(3):185-189.
Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.07.007
Personalized medicine is emerging as a main paradigm for risk prediction, pre-diagnosis, and effective prevention and treatment of disease. A large number of human biospecimens and their clinical data are essential resources for the success of personalized medicine as well as other biomedical research. The National Biobank of Korea (NBK) has collected well-annotated and high quality human biospecimens, and distributes them to the Korean biomedical scientists, through the Korea Biobank Project (KBP). The ultimate goal of NBK activities is to promote biomedical research and public health. As of December- 2011, the NBK has collected various human biospecimens from 525,416 participants including 325,952 Korean populations and 199,464 patients. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the KBP and quality control programs for collection of human biospecimens with high quality of NBK.

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Phylogenetic Analysis of the Rotavirus Genotypes Originated from Children < 5 Years of Age in 16 Cities in South Korea, between 2000 and 2004
Ho-Kyung Oh, Seung-Hwa Hong, Byung-Yoon Ahn, Hye-Kyoung Min
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2012;3(1):36-42.
Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.01.006
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine the diversity of the <i>G</i> and <i>P</i> types of human rotavirus strains isolated in South Korea during 2000 to 2004.
Methods
We selected 38 Group A rotavirus isolates among 652 fecal samples, which were collected from infants and children < 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis or diarrhea admitted in 8 hospitals representative of five provinces of South Korea between 2000 and 2004. Rotavirus <i>P</i>- and <i>G</i>-genotypes were determined by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed.
Results
One <i>G1P[4]</i> consisted <i>G1-Id-P[4]-V</i>; one <i>G1P[6]</i> consisted <i>G1-Id-P[6]-Ia</i>; nine <i>G1P[8]</i> consisted <i>G1-Ib-P[8]-Ia</i> (<i>n</i>=3), <i>G1-Ic-P[8]-Ia</i> (<i>n</i>=1), and <i>G1-Id-P[8]-Ia</i> (<i>n</i>=5); 13 <i>G2P[4]</i> consisted <i>G2-V-P[4]-V</i>; two <i>G3P[4]</i> consisted <i>G3-IIId-P[4]-V</i>; five <i>G3P[8]</i> consisted <i>G3-IIId-P[8]-Ia</i>; four <i>G4P[6]</i> consisted <i>G4-Ie-P[6]-Ia</i>; two <i>G4P[8]</i> consisted <i>G4-Ie-P[8]-II</i>; one <i>G9P[6]</i> consisted <i>G9-III-P[6]-Ia</i>.
Conclusions
A considerable amount of rotavirus genotypic diversity was detected in South Korea from 2000 to 2004. These findings are important to develop the effective vaccines and to undertake epidemiologic studies.

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Conclusions It is concluded that this study helps in conducting rapid survey to identify the presence of <i>Aedes</i> larvae with a minimum number of staff for both inspection and treatment of <i>Aedes</i> larvae during the epidemic situation. Objectives To predict dwellings for the presence of <i>Aedes</i> larvae rapidly based on Premises Condition Index (PCI) factors, we studied the possible presence of <i>Aedes</i> species mosquitoes larvae among houses in the Chidambaram urban of Cuddalore District in Tamil Nadu, India based on the scores of variables in PCI, namely House, Yard and degree of shadow. Data of these variables were collected in September and October 2006 from 1813 houses in the Chidambaram urban area during the intensive vector control activities employed for the prevention and control of Chikungunya.
Methods
The association between presence of larvae and the variables of PCI was tested by Chi-square and Correlation. The predictability of the presence of <i>Aedes</i> larvae based on PCI factors was computed by logistic regression.
Results
The study shows 301 containers in 132 houses were found positive with <i>Aedes</i> species out of 1813 houses surveyed. It was further observed that the probability of presence of positive premises was four times higher in the premises with 75% shadow compared with premises with a 25% shadow. These findings showed a significant association (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with positive premises.

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    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(5): e0008239.     CrossRef
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Brief Report

Registration of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines: Korea, 2010
Ji-Yoon Lee, Dae-Yeon Lee, Young-Sil Choi, Kyoung-Jae Lee, Yong-Ou Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2011;2(2):141-147.
Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.07.002
In an effort to increase the credibility of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines established in Korea, obligatory registration was introduced by the Bioethics and Safety Act 2008, effective as of January 1, 2010.The DNA fingerprint, chromosome stability, expression of pluripotency markers, and contamination of mycoplasma of the submitted lines were analyzed by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). The characterization data and ethical aspects, such as informed consent for donation of surplus embryos, were reviewed by a 10-member advisory review committee for stem cell registry.A total of 55 domestic hESC lines were submitted for registration in 2010; among them 51 were registered. Among these submitted lines, 26 were additionally characterized by KCDC, while 25 lines previously characterized by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology were not additionally analyzed by KCDC.Registration completed an oversight system for embryo research by registering the products of licensed embryo research projects, making embryo research more transparent in Korea. Information about hESC lines is available at the website of the Korea Stem Cell Registry (kscr.nih.go.kr).

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    Christine A. Wells, Anke Guhr, Amos Bairoch, Ying Chen, Mengqi Hu, Peter Löser, Tenneille E. Ludwig, Nancy Mah, Sabine C. Mueller, Andrea E.M. Seiler Wulczyn, Stefanie Seltmann, Bella Rossbach, Andreas Kurtz
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    Hong Seo Choi, Hyun Min Lee, Min Kyu Kim, Chun Jeih Ryu, Johnson Rajasingh
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    Mostafa Samak, Rabea Hinkel
    Cells.2019; 8(12): 1530.     CrossRef
  • Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 suppresses the p53 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways to promote human pluripotent stem cell self-renewal
    Ji Yea Kim, So Young Kim, Hong Seo Choi, Min Kyu Kim, Hyun Min Lee, Young-Joo Jang, Chun Jeih Ryu
    Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • hPSCreg—the human pluripotent stem cell registry
    Stefanie Seltmann, Fritz Lekschas, Robert Müller, Harald Stachelscheid, Marie-Sophie Bittner, Weiping Zhang, Luam Kidane, Anna Seriola, Anna Veiga, Glyn Stacey, Andreas Kurtz
    Nucleic Acids Research.2016; 44(D1): D757.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Molecular Classification of Human Adenovirus Type 7 Isolated From Acute Respiratory Disease Outbreak (ARD) in Korea, 2005–2006
Wan Ji Lee, Chun Kang, Yoon Seok Chung, Kisoon Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2010;1(1):10-16.
Published online December 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2010.12.005
Objectives
To assess the genomic characteristics of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) that caused small-scale epidemics in Korea and compare sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
Methods
Two hundred sixty-two throat swabs were collected from geographically distinct two cohabitation facilities during outbreaks in August 2005 and February–May 2006. 148 isolates were obtained using the adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells) from 262 specimens. The sequences of 448 bp partial hexon gene of isolates were analized and compared with serotype results using neutralizing test. The hexon (1.2 kb), fiber, and E4 ORF 6/7 34.7 kDa protein (2.1 kb) genes were further analysed in 10 randomly selected specimens. RFLP of the genomic DNA for genotyping was also performed and compared with sequence information.
Results
All the isolates were localized into the same cluster when phylogenetic tree was generated based on hexon gene using Clustal W. While fiber and E4 ORF 6/7 34.7 kDa protein genes were analysed, the tree was divided into two clusters. Interestingly, isolates with same genetic characteristics of hexon gene did not show identical RFLP patterns in accordance with their origin of episode, rather phylogenetic analysis of fiber and E4 ORF 6/7 34.7 kDa protein genes were correlated with RFLP patterns.
Conclusion
These results indicate that serotype classification based on hexon gene might not be enough to discriminate HAdV serotype, and additional genetic characteristics including fiber and/or E4 ORF 6/7 should be recruited to dispose subgroup of HAdV serotype.

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  • Seroprevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Human Adenovirus Genotypes Associated With Acute Respiratory Infections in Healthy South Korean Individuals (2019)
    Ji Heun Jeong, So Yun Park, Hye Yun Jeong, Ye Eun Lee, Seo Hee Jung, Soon‐Hwan Kwon
    Journal of Medical Virology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Arpaporn Yodmeeklin, Kattareeya Kumthip, Nuthapong Ukarapol, Hiroshi Ushijima, Niwat Maneekarn, Pattara Khamrin, Day-Yu Chao
    Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Wan-Ji Lee, Hee-Dong Jung, Hyang-Min Cheong, Kisoon Kim
    Journal of Medical Virology.2015; 87(1): 10.     CrossRef
  • Antigenic variability among two subtypes of human adenovirus serotype 7
    Xingui Tian, Xiaobo Su, Chunyan Xue, Xiao Li, Zhichao Zhou, Rong Zhou
    Virus Genes.2014; 49(1): 22.     CrossRef
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