Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Brief Report

Gender differences in hepatitis A seropositivity rates according to the Republic of Korea’s vaccination policy: Hyunjin Son, Sunhyun Ahn, Wonseo Park, Gayoung Chun, Unyeong Go, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee; Received September 18, 2023 Accepted January 22, 2024 Published online April 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0263 [Epub ahead of print]

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
This study aimed to investigate differences in the anti-hepatitis A (HAV) antibody seropositivity rate by age and gender.
Methods
We collected information on anti-HAV immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M status from samples submitted for HAV antibody testing in 2012–2022. A total of 1,333,615 cases were included in the analysis.
Results
By age, the seropositivity rate was represented by a U-shaped curve, such that the rate was low for the group aged 20 to 39 years and higher in those who were younger or older. Over time, the curve shifted rightward, and the seropositivity rate declined gradually in the group aged 35 to 39 years and older. A gender-based difference in antibody seropositivity rate was especially noticeable in the group aged 20 to 29 years. This difference between genders widened in the participants’ early 20s—when men in the Republic of Korea enlist in the military—and the divergence continued subsequently for older individuals.
Conclusion
These results indicate a higher risk of severe infection among older individuals and a gender-based difference in seroprevalence. Therefore, it is necessary to implement policies to promote vaccination in adults.

Review Article

Global prevalence of enterobiasis in young children over the past 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Elham Kia Lashaki, Azadeh Mizani, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Bentolhoda Habibi, Khadijeh Taherkhani, Amir Javadi, AliReza Taremiha, Samira Dodangeh; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(6):441-450. Published online December 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0204

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Parasitic infections are the most common diseases worldwide, and enterobiasis is a common parasitic infection in children. Various studies have reported on the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in different regions of the world. However, no study has gathered and analyzed this data systematically. Our systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the overall prevalence of E. vermicularis among children globally. Data were extracted from 4 available databases for studies published from January 2002 to April 2022. The quality of the included studies was scored based on the standard Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. A random-effect model was chosen to calculate the pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) according to the degree of heterogeneity in the included studies. Thus, 40 publications (42 data sets) that included 3,279 children with enterobiasis met all criteria and were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that heterogeneity among the included studies was high (Q=4,399.35, I2=99.96%; df=41; p<0.001). The pooled global prevalence of enterobiasis among the studied children was 12.9% (95% CI, 8.2%–17.7%). Our systematic review and meta-analysis estimated that, for the past 20 years, 12.9% of children around the world have been infected with E. vermicularis.

Original Articles

Prevalence and patterns of adverse events following childhood immunization and the responses of mothers in Ile-Ife, South West Nigeria: a facility-based cross-sectional survey: Olorunfemi Akinbode Ogundele, Funmito Omolola Fehintola, Mubarak Salami, Rahmat Usidebhofoh, Mary Aderemi Abaekere; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(4):291-299. Published online July 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0071

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Objectives
This study aimed to examine the prevalence and pattern of adverse events following childhood immunization and the responses of mothers in Ile-Ife, South West Nigeria.
Methods
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 mothers of children aged 0 to 24 months attending any of the 3 leading immunization clinics in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The respondents were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 26.0. The chi-square test was used to test associations, while binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of mothers’ responses to adverse events following immunization (AEFIs). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The mean age of the respondents was 29.99±5.74 years. About 38% of the children had experienced an AEFI. Most mothers believed that the pentavalent vaccine was the most common cause of AEFIs (67.5%). Fever (88.0%) and pain and swelling (76.0%) were the most common AEFIs. More than half of the mothers (53.7%) administered home treatment following an AEFI. Younger mothers (odds ratio [OR], 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–5.01), mothers who delivered their children at a healthcare facility (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.08–9.69), and mothers who were knowledgeable about reporting AEFIs (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.04–7.70) were most likely to respond appropriately to AEFIs.
Conclusion
The proportion of mothers who responded poorly to AEFIs experienced by their children was significant. Therefore, strategies should be implemented to improve mothers’ knowledge about AEFIs to improve their responses.

Prevalence of Internet Addiction, Poor Sleep Quality, and Depressive Symptoms Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study: Aanchal Anant Awasthi, Neha Taneja, Sonam Maheshwari, Trisha Gupta, Bhavika; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11(5):303-308. Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.5.06

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

This objective of the study was to report the prevalence of internet addiction, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress in undergraduate medical students.

Methods

A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 221 undergraduate medical students at Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Data pertaining to internet addiction, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms were also collected using validated and reliable questionnaires (Young Internet Addiction Test, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21).

Results

The prevalence of poor sleep quality, severe anxiety, and severe depression was 33.9%, 7.3% and 3.6%, respectively. The place of residence was significantly associated (p = 0.006) with internet addiction. The mean Young Internet Addiction Test score was higher in students residing in hostels compared with students staying with families. Stress was associated with age. The mean stress score was higher in the age group 17–20 compared with the 21–24 age group. Stress and depression were independent predictors of sleep quality.

Conclusion

Quality sleep is the key for good health. Based on limited samples, this study showed that poor sleep quality was associated with stress and depression. Hence, continuous counselling is suggested for supporting students managing their stress and depression.

Citations

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Validation of the Amharic version of Internet Addiction Test-20: a cross-sectional study
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The Worldwide Prevalence of Sleep Problems Among Medical Students by Problem, Country, and COVID-19 Status: a Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression of 109 Studies Involving 59427 Participants
Mohammed A. Binjabr, Idrees S. Alalawi, Rayan A. Alzahrani, Othub S. Albalawi, Rakan H. Hamzah, Yazed S. Ibrahim, Fatima Buali, Mariwan Husni, Ahmed S. BaHammam, Michael V. Vitiello, Haitham Jahrami
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Perfect people, happier lives? When the quest for perfection compromises happiness: the roles played by substance use and internet addiction
Alexandra Maftei, Cristian Opariuc-Dan
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jyoti Shukla, Harindarjeet Goyal, Mitali Biswas
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Internet Addiction Among Undergraduate Students: Effect on Eating Behaviours and Sleep Quality
Nur Adila Zulhizam, Divya Vanoh, Nur Syakirah Arissa Mohd Salleh
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Anant S Kukade, Monali Devaraj Mathad, Rajesh Sasidharan K
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Investigating Internet Addiction and Sleep Quality Correlation Among Students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2021
Mohammad Javad Tarrahi, Mahdi Rezaei Kahkha Zhaleh
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Keerati Pattanaseri, Wanlop Atsariyasing, Chanvit Pornnoppadol, Naratip Sanguanpanich, Maytinee Srifuengfung
Medicine.2022; 101(38): e30629. CrossRef
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Jaison Joseph, Abin Varghese, Vijay VR, Manju Dhandapani, Sandeep Grover, Suresh Sharma, Deepika Khakha, Sucheta Mann, Biji P Varkey
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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Obesity Levels in Korean Adults: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2015: Kwanjun Park, Sunmi Lim, Yoonhyung Park, Woong Ju, Yoonhee Shin, Hansol Yeom; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(4):150-159. Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.4.03

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

The increase in the obesity rate in adult males in Korea is higher than countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and other Asian countries. We examined the trends and prevalence of major risk factors for cardiovascular disease by evaluating the weight status amongst adults from 2007 to 2015.

Methods

The study included 37,402 adults, who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The prevalence trends of cardiovascular disease risk factors were estimated for each body mass index group.

Results

From 2007 to 2015, significant increases in the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia were observed in normal weight adults (0.03 percentage point (%p), 0.06%p, and 0.13%p, respectively). Amongst the overweight and obese adults, a significant increase in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was observed, During this period, the prevalence of smoking decreased amongst obese adults and no significant changes in drinking habits and physical activity were noted across all body mass index groups.

Conclusion

The prevalence of obesity in Korean adults is increasing, and it is necessary to implement interventions to prevent further weight gain and obesity-associated cardiovascular disease.

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Seroprevalence of Toxocara in Children from Urban and Rural Areas of Ilam Province, West Iran: Sahar Shokouhi, Jahangir Abdi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(3):101-104. Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.3.03

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

The present study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxocara in children ≤ 10 years old, from rural and urban areas of Ilam.

Methods

Serum samples from 383 children ≤ 10 years old, were selected randomly from rural and urban areas of Ilam province and surveyed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

The total rate of infection with Toxocara was 22% (31% with a history of contact with dogs and cats, and 14% without a history of contact). Of those infected, 23% were male and 18% were female, 36% lived a rural life and 20% had an urban life. A significant correlation was found between the incidence of disease, and urban and rural life, as well as exposure to dogs and cats. There was no correlation between prevalence and gender or age.

Conclusion

Given the high prevalence of infection with Toxocara amongst children in Ilam province, preventive work in the community such as education in risk management and periodic treatment with anti-parasitic drugs and elimination of stray dogs and cats is an appropriate measure.

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Review Article

Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among Children in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Mahmood Moosazadeh, Ghasem Abedi, Mahdi Afshari, Seif Ali Mahdavi, Fereshteh Farshidi, Elham Kheradmand; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(2):108-115. Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.02

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Enterobius vermicularis is a parasitic disease that is common in crowded areas such as schools and kindergartens. Primary investigations of electronic evidence have reported different prevalences of E. vermicularis in Iran. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the total prevalence of this infection among Iranian children using a meta-analysis.

Methods

Relevant studies were identified in national and international databases. We selected eligible papers for meta-analysis after investigating titles, abstracts, and full texts; assessing study quality; and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted by two independent researchers. The results were combined using a random effects model in Stata v. 11 software.

Results

Among 19 eligible articles including 11,676 participants, the prevalences of E. vermicularis among all children, boys, and girls were 1.2%–66.1%, 2.3%–65.5%, and 1.7%–65.5%, respectively. Pooled prevalences (95% confidence interval) of E. vermicularis among all children, boys, and girls were 17.2% (12.6%–21.8%), 17.2% (12.6%–21.8%), and 16.9% (9.03%–24.8%), respectively.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis showed that a great majority of Iranian children are infected with E. vermicularis, possibly due to poor public health.

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Factors related to the mortality risk of severe hand, foot, and mouth diseases (HFMD): a 5-year hospital-based survey in Guangxi, Southern China
Yuanjun Peng, Weitao He, Zhigang Zheng, Peijiang Pan, Yu Ju, Zhenwei Lu, Yanyan Liao, Hailong Wang, Chao Zhang, Jing Wang, Lina Jiang, Hao Liang, Minmei Chen, Li Ye
BMC Infectious Diseases.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among children in Iran: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Elnaz Moussavi, Mohammad Houssaini, Nader Salari, Mahvan Hemmati, Ahmad Abdullahi, Ali Asghar Khaleghi, Shamarina Shohaimi, Masoud Mohammadi
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2023; 22: e00315. CrossRef
Global prevalence of enterobiasis in young children over the past 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Elham Kia Lashaki, Azadeh Mizani, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Bentolhoda Habibi, Khadijeh Taherkhani, Amir Javadi, AliReza Taremiha, Samira Dodangeh
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(6): 441. CrossRef
Enterobiasis and its risk factors in urban, rural and indigenous children of subtropical Argentina
Maria Romina Rivero, Carlos De Angelo, Constanza Feliziani, Song Liang, Karina Tiranti, Martin Miguel Salas, Oscar Daniel Salomon
Parasitology.2022; 149(3): 396. CrossRef
Investigation of the Prevalence of Enterobius Vermicularis Infection and Risk Factors among Kindergartens in Hamadan, West of Iran, in 2019
Mohammad Fallah, Mahdi Parsaei, Eissa Soleymani, Ali Jamshidizad, Afshin Azimi
Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 28(4): 253. CrossRef
Epidemiologic Study of Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Schoolchildren in the Republic of Marshall Islands
Chia-Kwung Fan, Pasaikou Sonko, Yueh-Lun Lee, Ai-Wen Yin, Ting-Wu Chuang, Ramson Kios, Ying-Ting Wang, Chia-Mei Chou, Shao-Lun Hsu, Mai-Szu Wu, Jia-Wei Lin, Chia-Ying Tu, Pedro P. Chieffi
Journal of Tropical Medicine.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
The neglected role of Enterobius vermicularis in appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ali Taghipour, Meysam Olfatifar, Ehsan Javanmard, Mojtaba Norouzi, Hamed Mirjalali, Mohammad Reza Zali, Paulo Lee Ho
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Antonia Ceccarelli, Victoria Ann Mifsud, Amna Dogar
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Halk Sağlığı Uygulamalarının Enterobius Vermicularis’in Korunma ve Kontrolündeki Önemi
Kamuran ÖZDİL, Nimet KARATAŞ, Handan ZİNCİR
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Prevalence and genotype distribution of Enterobius vermicularis among kindergarteners in Shiraz and Khorramabad cities, Iran
Atefeh Tavan, Fattaneh Mikaeili, SeyedMahmoud Sadjjadi, Sara Bajelan, Hossein Mahmoudvand, Meysam Sharifdini
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Original Articles

Distribution of Antibodies Specific to the 19-kDa and 33-kDa Fragments of Plasmodium vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 1 in Two Pathogenic Strains Infecting Korean Vivax Malaria Patients: Sylvatrie-Danne Dinzouna-Boutamba, Sanghyun Lee, Ui-Han Son, Su-Min Song, Hye Soo Yun, So-Young Joo, Dongmi Kwak, Man Hee Rhee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong, Youn-Kyoung Goo; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(4):213-219. Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.05.006

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (PvMSP1) is the most intensively studied malaria vaccine candidate. Although high antibody response-inducing two C-terminal fragments of PvMSP1 (PvMSP1-19 and PvMSP1-42) are currently being developed as candidate malaria vaccine antigens, their high genetic diversity in various isolates is a major hurdle. The sequence polymorphism of PvMSP1 has been investigated; however, the humoral immune responses induced by different portions of this protein have not been evaluated in Korea.
Methods
Two fragments of PvMSP1 were selected for this study: (1) PvMSP1-19, which is genetically conserved; and (2) PvMSP1-33, which corresponds to a variable portion. For the latter, two representative strains, Sal 1 and Belem, were included. Thus, three recombinant proteins, PvMSP1-19, PvMSP1-33 Sal 1, and PvMSP1-33 Belem, were produced in Escherichia coli and then tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using sera from 221 patients with vivax malaria.
Results
Of the 221 samples, 198, 142, and 106 samples were seropositive for PvMSP1-19, PvMSP1-33 Sal 1, and PvMSP1-33 Belem, respectively. Although 100 samples were simultaneously seropositive for antibodies specific to all the recombinant proteins, 39 and six samples were respectively seropositive for antibodies specific to MSP1-33 Sal 1 and MSP1-33 Belem. Antibodies specific to PvMSP1-19 were the most prevalent.
Conclusion
Monitoring seroprevalence is essential for the selection of promising vaccine candidates as most of the antigenic proteins in P. vivax are highly polymorphic.

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Xiang Ting Goh, Yvonne A.L. Lim, Ping Chin Lee, Veeranoot Nissapatorn, Kek Heng Chua
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Study on Seroprevalence and Leptospiral Antibody Distribution among High-risk Planters in Malaysia: J. Mohd Ridzuan, B.D. Aziah, W.M. Zahiruddin; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(3):168-171. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.006

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
To determine the leptospirosis seroprevalence and to identify the predominant infecting serovars among oil palm plantation workers.
Methods
The cross-sectional study involved 350 asymptomatic oil palm plantation workers in Melaka and Johor. A serological test using the microscopic agglutination test was conducted in the Institute of Medical Research with a cut-off titre for seropositivity of ≥1:100.
Results
The overall seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies was 28.6%. The job category with the highest seroprevalence was the fruit collector with 59.2%. The predominant serovar identified was serovar Sarawak (Lepto 175) (62%).
Conclusion
A high seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies was detected among oil palm plantation workers and specifically among fruit collectors. The predominant infecting serovar among the workers was serovar Sarawak (Lepto 175). The findings suggest that more studies are needed to determine the reasons for the high seroprevalence and the transmission and pathogenicity of the local serovar Sarawak (Lepto 175).

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Leptospirosis in Vietnam
N. K. Tokarevich, O. V. Blinova
Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity.2022; 12(6): 1019. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and serovar distribution of Leptospirosis among healthy people in Vietnam: Results from a multi-center study
Van Dinh Tran, Le Thi Phuong Mai, Nguyen Thi Thu, Bui Kim Linh, Phan Dang Than, Nguyen Tu Quyet, Luu Phuong Dung, Tran Ngoc Phuong Mai, Nguyen Thi My Hanh, Hoang Hai, Tran Nhu Duong, Dang Duc Anh
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2021; 10: 100700. CrossRef
Cross-sectional survey for sheep leptospirosis in the northeast region of Brazil
José Dêvede da Silva, Maira Porto Viana, Lucas Gonzales Lima Pereira Calado, Ana Milena César Lima, Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves, Raimundo Rizaldo Pinheiro, Diego Figueiredo da Costa, Glaucenyra Cecília Pinheiro da Silva, Sérgio Santos de Azevedo, Cleb
Preventive Veterinary Medicine.2021; 197: 105525. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of leptospirosis in an endemic mixed urban and semi-urban setting—A community-based study in the district of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Senaka Rajapakse, Praveen N. Weeratunga, Krishan Balaji, Kyra Charmaine Ramchandani, Udani Savbhagya de Silva, Shenali Avishka Ranasinghe, Dinesh Gunarathne, Pasindu P. B. Wijerathne, Narmada Fernando, Shiroma M. Handunnetti, Sumadhya Deepika Fernando, Me
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(5): e0008309. CrossRef
An historical view of the experimental leptospiral infection in ruminants
Bruno Ribeiro Rocha, Gabriel Martins, Walter Lilenbaum
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectiou.2020; 73: 101532. CrossRef
Detection of Leptospira kmetyi at recreational areas in Peninsular Malaysia
Aznida Mohamad Zaki, Rozita Hod, Nadia Aqilla Shamsusah, Zaleha Md Isa, Siti Khairani Bejo, Hani Kartini Agustar
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
High incidence of asymptomatic leptospirosis among urban sanitation workers from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo
Mohammad Saffree Jeffree, Daisuke Mori, Nur Athirah Yusof, Azman Bin Atil, Khamisah Awang Lukman, Rafidah Othman, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Lela Suut, Kamruddin Ahmed
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of rodent-borne Leptospira spp. with urban environments in Malaysian Borneo
Kim R. Blasdell, Serge Morand, David Perera, Cadhla Firth, Mathieu Picardeau
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2019; 13(2): e0007141. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies among market workers and food handlers in the central state of Malaysia
S. Samsudin, S. N. S. Sakinah, O. Malina, B. A. Norliza, M. A. Noh, A. Fairuz, T. Z. M. T. Jamaluddin, R. A. Hamat, W. M. Zahiruddin, S. Mohd Nazri, S. Sukeri, B. D. Aziah, I. Zawaha, A. W. Zainudin, N. A. Munirah, M. N. Desa, V. Neela, S. N. Masri
Tropical Medicine & International Health.2018; 23(3): 327. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and distribution of leptospirosis serovars among wet market workers in northeastern, Malaysia: a cross sectional study
Mas Harithulfadhli Agus Ab Rahman, Suhaily Mohd Hairon, Rukman Awang Hamat, Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku Jamaluddin, Mohd Nazri Shafei, Norazlin Idris, Malina Osman, Surianti Sukeri, Zainudin A. Wahab, Wan Mohd Zahiruddin Wan Mohammad, Zawaha Idris, Aziah
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Chronic experimental genital leptospirosis with autochthonous Leptospira santarosai strains of serogroup Sejroe
Bruno Ribeiro Rocha, Mário Balaro, Paulo Victor Pereira, Gabriel Martins, Walter Lilenbaum
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Lesley Maurice Bilung, Chai Fung Pui, Ahmad Syatir Tahar, Kasing Apun, Lela Su`ut, Yee Ling Chong, Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan
Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances.2018; 13(4): 332. CrossRef

Gender-based Violence Among Pregnant Women of Syangja District, Nepal: Samjhana Gurung, Jeevan Acharya; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(2):101-107. Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.11.010

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study aims to determine prevalence of gender-based violence among pregnant women attending an antenatal care (ANC) clinic.
Methods
Between September 2014 and December 2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 202 pregnant women attending the antenatal ward of the Primary Healthcare Centre (PHC) of Syangja district, Nepal. The data were collected using semistructure questionnaires with face-to-face interviews. SPSS software (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for analysis the data.
Results
The prevalence rate of gender-based violence was found to be 91.1% (184). Most of the respondents (87%) faced economic violence followed by psychological (53.8%), sexual (41.8%), and physical (4.3%) violence. Women experienced: (1) psychological violence with most complaining of angry looks followed by jealousy or anger while talking with other men, insults using abusive language and neglect; (2) economic violence with most complaining of financial hardship, denial of basic needs and an insistence on knowing where respondents were and restricting them to parents' home or friends/relatives' houses (jealousy); (3) physical violence by slapping, pushing, shaking, or throwing something at her, twisting arm or pulling hair, and punching and kicking; and (4) sexual violence by physically forcing her to have sexual intercourse without consent, and hurting or causing injury to private parts. Most (100%) of the perpetrators were found to be husbands and mothers-in-law (10.7%) who violated them rarely.
Conclusion
The prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) among pregnant women attending the ANC clinic was greater in the Syangja district of Nepal. Women's empowerment, economic autonomy, sensitization, informal or formal training regarding GBV for men and women, and the need for large-scale population-based surveys are the major recommendations of this study.

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Prevalence of Violence in Iranian Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Shohreh Shafiei, Maryam Chegeni, Sima Afrashteh, Hamid Reza Shoraka, Azam Bazrafshan, Zohreh Bagherinezhad, Masumeh Ghazanfarpour, Hamid Sharifi
Maternal and Child Health Journal.2022; 26(10): 1983. CrossRef
Gendered consequences of social changes in Nepal: rich possibilities
Radha Adhikari, Jeevan R Sharma
European Bulletin of Himalayan Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Gebelikte aile içi şiddete maruz kalmanın postpartum depresyon ve maternal bağlanmaya etkisi
Ayten TAŞPINAR, Seher SARIKAYA KARABUDAK, Ayden ÇOBAN, Filiz ADANA
Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2021; : 94. CrossRef
Is there an association between fertility and domestic violence in Nepal?
Sarah Raifman, Mahesh Puri, Jennet Arcara, Nadia Diamond-Smith
AJOG Global Reports.2021; 1(2): 100011. CrossRef
Intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in the rural Gambia
Joseph W. Jatta, Ararso Baru, Olufunmilayo I. Fawole, Oladosu A. Ojengbede, Yong-hui Dang
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(8): e0255723. CrossRef
Factors associated with contraceptive use in rural Nepal: Gender and decision-making
Preeti K. Mahato, Zoë A. Sheppard, Edwin van Teijlingen, Nisa De Souza
Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare.2020; 24: 100507. CrossRef
Experiences and Perceptions of Abused Turkish Women Regarding Violence Against Women
Emel Bahadir-Yilmaz, Fatma Oz
Community Mental Health Journal.2019; 55(4): 686. CrossRef
Intimate Partner Violence in Relation to Husband Characteristics and Women Empowerment: Evidence from Nepal
Sujan Gautam, Hyoung-Sun Jeong
International Journal of Environmental Research an.2019; 16(5): 709. CrossRef
Criticality as Ideological Becoming: Developing English Teachers for Critical Pedagogy in Nepal
Bal Krishna Sharma, Prem Phyak
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Epidemiological Characterization of Skin Fungal Infections Between the Years 2006 and 2010 in Korea: Sang-Ha Kim, Seung-Hak Cho, Seung-Ki Youn, Je-Seop Park, Jong Tae Choi, Young-Seok Bak, Young-Bin Yu, Young Kwon Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(6):341-345. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.10.012

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to build and provide a basic database of skin fungal infections for the effective management of skin fungal infections in the future.
Methods
We collected health insurance data between the years 2006 and 2010 from the Health Insurance Corporation (Seoul, Korea) and analyzed the data to determine the prevalence and treatment management of skin fungal infections.
Results
Skin fungal infections were divided into two groups: namely dermatophytosis and other superficial mycoses. Dermatophytosis showed a higher prevalence (16,035,399 cases) than the other superficial mycoses (794,847 cases) within the study period. The prevalence rate decreased consecutively by 0.01% to 0.19% every year. The prevalence according to region showed that Jeolla-do had a high prevalence distribution. The prevalences in men and women were similar (7.01% vs. 6.26%). It is interesting to note that adults from the 50–79-year age group showed a higher prevalence than children and young adults. The average convalescence time (days) of dermatophytosis was longer than that of other superficial mycoses. The total medical expenses were also much higher in dermatophytosis than in the other superficial mycoses.
Conclusion
This study provides useful data for study trends of skin fungal infections.

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Amphotericin B-loaded natural latex dressing for treating Candida albicans wound infections using Galleria mellonella model
Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano, Camila Eugênia dos Reis, Silvia Maria Batista de Souza, Giovana Sant'Ana Pegorin Brasil, Mateus Scontri, Satoru Kawakita, Bruna Gregatti Carvalho, Camila Calderan Bebber, Yanjin Su, Ana Paula de Sousa Abreu, Marvin M Mecwan
Journal of Controlled Release.2024; 365: 744. CrossRef
Microsurgical Debridement for Persistent Ulcers Due to Rare Fungus Infection: Case Report and Literature Review
Yu-Wen Tsui, Chia-Yu Tsai, Hung-Chi Chen
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Prevalence and antifungal drug resistance of dermatophytes in the clinical samples from Pakistan
Bakhtawar Usman, Abdul Rehman, Iffat Naz, Muhammad Anees
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Discovery of a novel and selective fungicide that targets fungal cell wall to treat dermatomycoses: 1,3‐bis(3,4‐dichlorophenoxy)propan‐2‐aminium chloride
Daiane Flores Dalla Lana, Stefânia Neiva Lavorato, Laura Minussi Giuliani, Letícia Cruz, William Lopes, Marilene Henning Vainstein, Igor Camargo Fontana, Aline Rigon Zimmer, Murillo de Araújo Freitas, Saulo Fernandes de Andrade, Ricardo José Alves, Alexan
Mycoses.2020; 63(2): 197. CrossRef
Voriconazole-natural latex dressings for treating infected Candida spp. skin ulcers
Thainá V da Silva, Natan R de Barros, Caroline B Costa-Orlandi, Jean L Tanaka, Lincoln G Moro, Giovana S Pegorin, Kassandra SM Oliveira, Maria JS Mendes-Gianinni, Ana M Fusco-Almeida, Rondinelli D Herculano
Future Microbiology.2020; 15(15): 1439. CrossRef
The Pathogenesis of Fungal-Related Diseases and Allergies in the African Population: The State of the Evidence and Knowledge Gaps
Lorraine Tsitsi Pfavayi, Elopy Nimele Sibanda, Francisca Mutapi
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology.2020; 181(4): 257. CrossRef
Medicinal Importance of Azo and Hippuric Acid Derivatives
Tehreem Tahir, Muhammad Ashfaq, Humna Asghar, Mirza I. Shahzad, Rukhsana Tabassum, Areeba Ashfaq
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A novel approach for skin infections: Controlled release topical mats of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene succinate) blends containing Voriconazole
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Serious fungal infections in Korea
K. Huh, Y. E. Ha, D. W. Denning, K. R. Peck
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Epidemiology of Fungal Infections in Patients Admitted via Emergency Department in Korea (2011~2013)
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Prevalence of Head Lice Infestation and Its Associated Factors among Primary School Students in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Mahmood Moosazadeh, Mahdi Afshari, Hormoz Keianian, Asghar Nezammahalleh, Ahmad Ali Enayati; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(6):346-356. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.10.011

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Head lice infestation is one of the most important health problems, generally involving children aged 5–13 years. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of head lice infestation and its associated factors among primary school children using systematic review and meta-analysis methods.
Methods
Different national and international databases were searched for selecting the relevant studies using appropriate keywords, Medical Subject Heading terms, and references. Relevant studies with acceptable quality for meta-analysis were selected having excluded duplicate and irrelevant articles, quality assessment, and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. With calculating standard errors according to binomial distribution and also considering the Cochrane's Q test as well as I-squared index for heterogeneity, pediculosis prevalence rate was estimated using Stata SE V.11 software.
Results
Forty studies met the inclusion criteria of this review and entered into the meta-analysis including 200,306 individuals. Using a random effect model, the prevalence (95% confidence interval) of head lice infestation among primary school children was estimated as 1.6% (1.2–2.05), 8.8% (7.6–9.9), and 7.4% (6.6–8.2) for boys, girls, and all the students, respectively. The infestation rate was found to be associated with low educational level of parents, long hair, family size, mother's job (housewife), father's job (worker/unemployed), using a common comb, lack of bathrooms in the house, and a low frequency of bathing.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of head lice infestation among Iranian primary school children is relatively high with more prevalence among girls. We also found that economic, social, cultural, behavioral, and hygienic factors are associated with this infestation.

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Study on the Prevalence of Leptospirosis among Fever Cases Reported from Private Clinics in the Urban areas of Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu, India: Parasuraman Basker, Pichai Kannan, Karumana Gounder Kolandaswamy; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(1):54-67. Published online February 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.01.003

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
To know the prevalence of leptospirosis cases reported in private clinics among fever cases in Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu, India to know its real magnitude of the problem and to diagnose Leptospirosis among fever cases from differential diagnosis.
Methods
1502 Blood serum samples collected from three urban towns namely Kallakurichi (Latitude: 11° 73′ N; Longitude: 78° 97′ E), Villupuram (Latitude: 11° 75′ N; Longitude: 79° 92′ E) and Thindivanam (Latitude: 12° 25′ N; Longitude: 79° 65′ E) in fifteen clinics based on case definition of leptospirosis delineated by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), Government of India. Samples were tested in the laboratory of the Zonal Entomological Team (ZET), Cuddalore with Macroscopic Slide Agglutination Test (MSAT) and Ig-M ELISA.
Result
There were 65 positive cases detected from 1502 blood serum samples in both MSAT and Ig-M ELISA. It could be known that there was 4% cases contributed from private clinics among fever cases. From this study, further it was known that all age groups of people affected irrespective of sexes based on their living condition associated with the environment prevailed of the disease.
Conclusion
From this study, it was quantified that 4% of cases reported in private clinics among fever cases and its findings ascertained both the importance of differential diagnosis as well as reports that should be included to the Government for knowing its real magnitude for planning.

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Seroprevalence of acute leptospirosis in a tertiary care hospital of western India
Bhumika Baveja, MeghnaS Palewar, Suverna Joshi, Rajesh Karyakarte
MGM Journal of Medical Sciences.2022; 9(4): 517. CrossRef
Leptospirosis in Wardha District, Central India—Analysis of hospital based surveillance data
Pradeep Deshmukh, Rahul Narang, Jyoti Jain, Manish Jain, Kiran Pote, Pratibha Narang, R.Vimal Raj, Praveen Kumar, Paluru Vijayachari
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2019; 7(1): 102. CrossRef
Effects of gamma radiation exposure on PANI-Fe(X) -Ni(1−X) (X = 0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8) nanocomposite thin film for Leptospira detection
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Clonorchiasis among the Populations Served by Primary Healthcare Posts along Five Major Rivers in South Korea: Kyung Ja June, Shin Hyeong Cho, Won Ja Lee, Chunmi Kim, Kyung-Soon Park; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(1):21-26. Published online February 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.12.002

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Clonorchiasis is an infectious disease caused by the Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and risk factors of clonorchiasis among the populations served by primary healthcare posts along five major rivers in South Korea.
Methods
Forty primary healthcare posts that are located less than 5 km from one of the five rivers were selected from 26 counties. For the purpose of the survey, community health practitioners selected the nearest villages from the riversides in their own catchment area. From January to May 2009, a total of 2788 stool samples were collected and examined using the formalin–ether sedimentation technique. Village inhabitants were also interviewed by means of questionnaires in order to obtain information on potential risk factors.
Results
The prevalence rates of clonorchiasis at various river basins were as follows: Seomjin River, 21.3%; Nakdong River, 13.5%; Geum River, 9.2%; Han River, 7.6%; and Yeongsan River, 4.9%. The total number of people infected with C. sinensis was 329 (11.3%). By gender, 14.3% of males and 7.6% of females were infected. In case of both males and females, the prevalence rate was highest in those in their 40s. Consumption of raw freshwater fish was confirmed as a risk factor based on a logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion
The present findings suggest that clonorchiasis is still highly prevalent among the inhabitants of riverside areas in southern Korea, and, accordingly, it is necessary to implement a systematic control program in the endemic areas.

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The spatial-temporal risk profiling of Clonorchis sinensis infection over 50 years implies the effectiveness of control programs in South Korea: a geostatistical modeling study
Hai-Yan Xiao, Jong-Yil Chai, Yue-Yi Fang, Ying-Si Lai
The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific.2023; 33: 100697. CrossRef
Global prevalence of 4 neglected foodborne trematodes targeted for control by WHO: A scoping review to highlight the gaps
Rachel Tidman, Kaushi S. T. Kanankege, Mathieu Bangert, Bernadette Abela-Ridder, Paul R. Torgerson
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(3): e0011073. CrossRef
Infection Characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(2): 79. CrossRef
Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Geum-gang (River) in Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jai-Dong Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 23. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Clonorchis sinensis Infection in Residents of Binyang, Guangxi: A Cross-Sectional and Logistic Analysis Study
Meng Xu, Yanyan Jiang, Jianhai Yin, Shengkui Cao, Yujuan Shen, Jianping Cao
Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
High Endemicity with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Yongjeon-cheon (Stream) in Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Gou Ok Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 97. CrossRef
Prevalence and Infection Intensity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Soyang-cheon (Stream), in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jong-Ho Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 265. CrossRef
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Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Eun-Joo Lim, Sung Yong Son, Eunmi Ko, Jaeseok Choi
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 427. CrossRef
Endemicity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Deokcheon-gang (River) in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jeong-Gil Park, Jihee Ahn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(5): 523. CrossRef
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Ting-Jun Zhu, Ying-Dan Chen, Men-Bao Qian, Hui-Hui Zhu, Ji-Lei Huang, Chang-Hai Zhou, Xiao-Nong Zhou
Acta Tropica.2020; 203: 105320. CrossRef
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Sang-Eun Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Myoung-Ro Lee, Yang-Hee Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 647. CrossRef
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Ying-Si Lai, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Zhi-Heng Pan, Jürg Utzinger, Penelope Vounatsou, Darren J. Gray
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2017; 11(3): e0005239. CrossRef
Epidemiological and Clinical Parameters Features of Patients with Clonorchiasis in the Geum River Basin, Republic of Korea
Hee-Eun Shin, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Byong-Suk Jeong, Mi-Yeoun Park, Keoung-Sook Lee, Shin-Hyeong Cho
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Disea.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
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Hoang Quang Vinh, Waraphon Phimpraphai, Sirikachorn Tangkawattana, John F. Smith, Sasithorn Kaewkes, Do Trung Dung, Tran Thanh Duong, Banchob Sripa
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Prevalence and Related Factors of Clonorchiasis among Five Major Riverside Residents in South Korea
Chunmi Kim, Kyung Ja June, Shin Hyeong Cho, Kyung Soon Park, Hung Sa Lee, Ji Yeon Park
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Clonorchiasis among Residents of Riverside Areas in Muju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
Do-Soon Park, Sung-Jin Na, Shin Hyeong Cho, Kyung Ja June, Young-Chae Cho, Young-Ha Lee
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Estimation of HIV Seroprevalence in Colorectal Hospitals by Questionnaire Survey in Korea, 2002–2007: Mee-Kyung Kee, Do Yeon Hwang, Jong Kyun Lee, Seung Hyun Kim, Chaeshin Chu, Jin-Hee Lee, Sung Soon Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(2):104-108. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.08.002

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The incidence of anal disease is higher among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection than among the general population. We surveyed the status of seroprevalence in colorectal hospitals in Korea.
Methods
The survey was conducted in colorectal hospitals in Korea from November to December 2008. The questionnaire was comprised of six topics about the status of HIV testing in colorectal hospitals. We gathered the data by website (http://hivqa.nih.go.kr/risk) or fax.
Results
Among 774 colorectal hospitals contacted, 109 (14%) hospitals participated in the survey. Among these, 48 hospitals (44%) performed HIV tests in their own hospitals and 11 (23%) took HIV testing by rapid method. The main reason for recommending an HIV test was surgical operation (54%) followed by endoscope (11%) and health checkup (9%). The annual number of HIV tests increased from 58,647 (at 21 hospitals) in 2002 to 246,709 (at 58 hospitals) in 2007. HIV seroprevalence was >3.0 per 10,000 individuals during 2002–2005, decreased to 2.2 per 10,000 individuals in 2006 and rose to 2.8 per 10,000 individuals in 2007.
Conclusions
HIV seroprevalence of colorectal hospitals was more than twice that of general hospitals in Korea. HIV surveillance systems based on colorectal hospitals for HIV/AIDS transmission prevention by early HIV diagnosis are needed.

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Discrimination and Stigma
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(3): 141. CrossRef
Hospital-based HIV/HSV-2 seroprevalence among male patients with anal disease in Korea: cross sectional study
Jin-Sook Wang, Do Yeon Hwang, Hye-Kyung Yu, Sung Soon Kim, Jong Kyun Lee, Mee-Kyung Kee
BMC Infectious Diseases.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Years of Epidemics (2009–2011): Pandemic Influenza and Foot-and-Mouth Disease Epidemic in Korea
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(3): 125. CrossRef
What is Next for HIV/AIDS in Korea?
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(6): 291. CrossRef

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