The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Polish orthopedics, in particular on the level of stress among orthopedic surgeons and the education process Łukasz Kołodziej, Dawid Ciechanowicz, Hubert Rola, Szymon Wołyński, Hanna Wawrzyniak, Kamila Rydzewska, Konrad Podsiadło, Jianguo Wang PLOS ONE.2021; 16(9): e0257289. CrossRef
The Role of Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Test in COVID-19 Diagnosis Ronni Mol Joji, Mohammad Shahid The Open COVID Journal.2021; 1(1): 108. CrossRef
<p>The cataclysmic COVID-19 pandemic erupted silently causing colossal impact worldwide, the repercussions of which indicated a lackadaisical vigilance in preparation for such a pandemic. This review assessed the measures taken by nations to contain this pandemic. A literature review was conducted using Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and WHO website. There were 8 nations (selected from the GHS index list) appraised for containment strategies. This was achieved by using mortality rate (per million) as the primary endpoint. The nations which were proactive, initiated scientific strategies earlier with rigor, appeared to have succeeded in containing the pandemic, although it is still too early to arbitrate a verdict. The so called “pandemic war” mandates international, interdisciplinary, and interdepartmental collaboration. Furthermore, building trust and confidence between the government and the public, having transparent communication, information sharing, use of advanced research-technology, and plentiful resources are required in the fight against COVID-19.</p>
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<p>The general elections for the 21<sup>st</sup> National Assembly in the Republic of Korea were scheduled for April 15<sup>th</sup>, 2020, which was during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. To ensure a safe election, the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) recommended several public health measures. The KCDC developed key interventions after reviewing the general election strategy that targeted COVID-19 patients and individuals isolating at home. Four voters who participated in the election tested positive, but did not contract COVID-19 during voting. The results demonstrated that the KCDC minimized the spread of infection in the community during the election. The measures implemented by KCDC during the election held under a COVID-19 outbreak cannot be generalized to elections as a whole because cultural and national consciousness vary between countries. Nevertheless, it demonstrates that the systemic strategies and applications against the pandemic can minimize the possibility of viral spread.</p>
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in nursing facilities can easily lead to a high rate of infection and fatality. A surge in newly infected cases in the first quarter of 2020 in Gyeongsan-si, in the Republic of Korea, was followed by several outbreaks in nursing facilities in the same area. The aim of this study is to report on the epidemiological investigation and the management to reduce the infection rate in nursing facilities for older adults.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>The municipal government and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention performed an epidemiological investigation into 5 nursing facilities that reported a high number of COVID-19 infection cases from February to May 2020. COVID-19 infected cases in the facilities were investigated to identify the infection routes, and the fatality rate of the 5 facilities.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>The 5 facilities had a combined fatality rate of 12.2% (9 deceased among the 74 infected cases). The median age of the deceased was 87 years old (range: 82–91). The infection was first identified on February 27<sup>th</sup>, 2020, peaked on March 6<sup>th</sup>, and was last detected on March 24<sup>th</sup>, 2020.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>Difficulties specific to such facilities included the delay in the recognition of symptoms and limitation in distancing. Tailored strategies such as daily monitoring of symptoms and proactive COVID-19 screening of quarantined residents, contributed to a decline in the infections in the facilities.</p></sec>
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and corresponding control measures on long-term care facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis Jun Zhang, Yushan Yu, Mirko Petrovic, Xiaomei Pei, Qing-Bao Tian, Lei Zhang, Wei-Hong Zhang Age and Ageing.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors for COVID-19 outbreaks in livestock slaughtering and processing facilities in Republic of Korea Seongju Choi, Tae Jong Son, Yeon-Kyung Lee Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(3): 207. CrossRef
Using Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions and High Isolation of Asymptomatic Carriers to Contain the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Nursing Homes Alec J. Schmidt, Yury García, Diego Pinheiro, Thomas A. Reichert, Miriam Nuño Life.2022; 12(2): 180. CrossRef
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Epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19 outbreaks in aged care facilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis Mohammad Rashidul Hashan, Nicolas Smoll, Catherine King, Hannah Ockenden-Muldoon, Jacina Walker, Andre Wattiaux, Julieanne Graham, Robert Booy, Gulam Khandaker EClinicalMedicine.2021; 33: 100771. CrossRef
The experience of executing preventive measures to protect a nursing home in Taiwan from a COVID-19 outbreak Chia-Yu Huang, Yu-Hung Kuo, Shu-Ting Chuang, Hung-Rong Yen, Sio-Ian Tou European Geriatric Medicine.2021; 12(3): 609. CrossRef
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>This study aimed to identify the educational needs of people with type 2 diabetes according to risk perceptions and the level of severity of complications.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>There were 177 study participants who were outpatients of the internal medicine department at a university hospital located in the Republic of Korea, who consented to participate in the survey from December 10, 2016 to February 10, 2017. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, ANOVA with post-hoc comparison, and multiple regression analysis. Type 2 diabetes complications were classified into 3 groups: no complications, common complications, and severe complications.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>There were statistically significant positive correlations between educational needs and comparative risk perceptions, and the level of complication and comparative risk perception. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the factor predicting educational needs of type 2 diabetes people was their comparative risk perceptions, rather than the severity of diabetes complications or sociodemographic variables.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>Since risk perception is the factor that indicates the educational needs of people with type 2 diabetes, there is a need to explore factors which increase risk perception, in order to meet educational needs. The findings suggest that a more specific and individualized educational program, which focuses on each person's risk perceptions, should be developed.</p></sec>
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Determinants of Complications of Diabetic Among Adult with Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Hubaal Specialist Hospital and Libaan Hospital in Mogadishu: Case Control Study Ahmed Mohamed, Ali Mohamed, Ahmed Guled, Mohamed Fuji, Abdullahi Qoryoley, Abdirahman Hassan American Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 12(5): 82. CrossRef
<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>The importance of tick-borne diseases is increasing because of climate change, with a lack of long-term studies on tick-borne pathogens in South Korea. To understand the epidemiological characteristics of tick-borne diseases, the monthly distribution of field ticks throughout the year was studied in South Korea between May 2014 and April 2018 in a cross sectional study.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>The presence of various tick-borne pathogens (<italic>Rickettsia</italic> species, <italic>Borrelia</italic> species, <italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</italic>) was confirmed by using polymerase chain reaction, to provide information for a prevention strategy against tick-borne pathogenic infections, through increased understanding of the relationship between seasonal variation and risk of infection with <italic>Rickettsia</italic> species. This was performed using logistic regression analysis (SPSS 20, IBM, USA) of the data obtained from the study.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>During the study period there were 11,717 ticks collected and 4 species identified. <italic>Haemapysalis longicornis</italic> was the most common species (<italic>n</italic> = 10,904, 93.1%), followed by <italic>Haemapysalis flava</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 656, 5.6%), <italic>Ixodes nipponensis</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 151, 1.3%), and <italic>Amblyomma testudinarium</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 6, 0.05%) The results of this cross-sectional study showed that <italic>Haemapysalis flava</italic> carried a higher risk of transmission of <italic>Rickettsia</italic> species than other tick species (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>In conclusion, due attention should be paid to preventing tick-borne infections in humans whilst engaged in outdoor activities in Spring and Autumn, particularly in places where there is a high prevalence of ticks.</p></sec>
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Molecular Detection and Phylogeny of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Collected from Dogs in the Republic of Korea A-Tai Truong, Jinhyeong Noh, Yeojin Park, Hyun-Ji Seo, Keun-Ho Kim, Subin Min, Jiyeon Lim, Mi-Sun Yoo, Heung-Chul Kim, Terry A. Klein, Hyunkyoung Lee, Soon-Seek Yoon, Yun Sang Cho Pathogens.2021; 10(5): 613. CrossRef
iSeq 100 for metagenomic pathogen screening in ticks Ju Yeong Kim, Myung-hee Yi, Alghurabi Areej Sabri Mahdi, Tai-Soon Yong Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>Menopause is a well-known risk factor for accelerating cognitive aging in women. This study aimed to assess differences in cognitive function and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) according to menopausal status to determine whether the menopause significantly affects the relationship between cognitive function and HRQOL.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>This was a cross-sectional comparative study with a convenience sample of 178 Korean women including 89 naturally menopausal women (65 ± 10 years) and 89 non-menopausal women (45 ± 8 years) who met the eligibility criteria and completed neuropsychological tests and self-report questionnaires about their HRQOL, cognitive function, depression, and sleep quality. Multiple regression analyses were performed within and between groups according to menopausal status.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>Menopausal women had significantly worse scores on neuropsychological performance and HRQOL than non-menopausal women. A better neuropsychological performance (β = 0.34) was solely associated with a better HRQOL in menopausal women, whilst socioeconomic variables were associated with HRQOL in non-menopausal women.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>Menopause is an important risk factor for HRQOL, and the association between cognition and HRQOL may differ according to menopausal status. When developing programs for target groups to improve daily functioning and HRQOL, healthcare professionals need to pay more attention to this relationship.</p></sec>
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Brain volumetric changes in menopausal women and its association with cognitive function: a structured review Nur Zuliani Ramli, Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya, Nur Azlina Mohd Fahami, Hanani Abdul Manan, Meharvan Singh, Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>The aim of this study was to investigate comorbidities in patients with end-stage renal disease, and to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) according to the type, and number of comorbidities.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>A total of 250 adults undergoing hemodialysis were recruited at local clinics. HRQOL was measured using the 12-item Medical Outcomes Study Short Form questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and <italic>t</italic> test.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>Around 70.8% of patients with end stage renal disease had 1 or more comorbidities, and the most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. HRQOL was significantly different based on the number of comorbidities (F = 9.83, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001). The effect of comorbidities on the scores for mental health domains of the HRQOL questionnaire was not conclusive compared with the scores for the physical domain which were conclusive. Among the comorbidities, diabetes was associated with a lower quality of life.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>The customized management of diabetic and hypertensive patients is necessary for the early detection and prevention of chronic kidney disease, and slowing the progression of renal disease and managing cardiovascular risk factors is essential.</p></sec>
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>This study aimed to determine the factors associated with reducing exposure to secondhand smoke among children in households of rural Bangladesh.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>A cross-sectional study of 410 smokers and non-smokers, in 6 villages of Munshigonj district was conducted. Data were collected randomly using a self-administrative questionnaire. Differences between variables were assessed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test (as appropriate). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate associations. All results were presented as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. The level of statistical significance was reached when <italic>p</italic> < 0.05.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>A smoker in the household was determined to be a risk factor associated with exposure of other household members to secondhand smoke (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001). Higher education, strict implementation of household smoke-free rules, a higher influence of social norms and culture, as well as moderate knowledge on exposure to secondhand smoke were considered as preventive factors associated with exposure of others in the home to secondhand smoke.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>Exposure to secondhand smoke is an extensive and preventable risk factor for children, and reducing exposure to secondhand smoke will have a largely positive effect in the community. An effective public health intervention model may reduce secondhand smoking.</p></sec>
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>Elderly adults are the demographic most likely to utilize emergency medical services (EMS). This study aimed to examine the difference in EMS utilization in subgroups of the elderly population by assessing the predictors for using EMS.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>Using both descriptive and logistic regression analyses, this study analyses data from the 2014 Korean Health Panel Survey (<italic>n</italic> = 3,175).</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>It was observed that certain predisposing factors such as age, sex, and marital status were significant predictors of EMS utilization. However, differences in EMS need do not fully account for the original differences observed between subgroups of elderly Koreans. While health status and disability were important predictors of elderly Koreans using EMS, place of residence did not account for subgroup differences. Nonetheless, place of residence remained particularly important predictors of EMS utilization for the elderly.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>Emergency needs and resource availability are 2 main determinants for elderly Koreans using EMS. In addition, it was observed that the demographic subgroup profile of unmarried/divorced/separated/widowed men who were aged 75 and older was least likely to utilize EMS. Improving their resource availability to meet their EMS needs should be a top priority for national policy making to narrow elderly population subgroup differences.</p></sec>
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Fatores associados às causas externas em idosos atendidos pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência Ana Angélica Oliveira de Brito, Beatriz Barros de Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Ribeiro dos Santos, Débora de Oliveira Lima, Maria Zélia de Araújo Madeira, Guilherme Guarino de Moura Sá, Julyanne dos Santos Nolêto, Rouslanny Kelly Cipriano de Oliveira Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors associated with external causes in elderly attended by the mobile emergency care service Ana Angélica Oliveira de Brito, Beatriz Barros de Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Ribeiro dos Santos, Débora de Oliveira Lima, Maria Zélia de Araújo Madeira, Guilherme Guarino de Moura Sá, Julyanne dos Santos Nolêto, Rouslanny Kelly Cipriano de Oliveira Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Socio-demographic characteristics and their relation to medical service consumption among elderly in Israel during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 as compared to the corresponding period in 2019 Ohad Shaked, Liat Korn, Yair Shapiro, Gideon Koren, Avi Zigdon, Aviad Tur-Sinai PLOS ONE.2022; 17(12): e0278893. CrossRef
<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>This study aimed to identify virulent and antimicrobial resistant genes in fecal <italic>E. coli</italic> in Mbouda, Cameroon.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>A total of 599 fecal samples were collected from patients with enteric infections who were ≥ 20 years old. <italic>E. coli</italic> was isolated on the MacConkey agar and virulent genes were detected by multiplex/simplex PCR. Isolates in which ≥ 1 virulent gene was detected were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The resulting resistant isolates were subjected to PCR, followed by sequencing for resistant genes detection.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>There were 119 enterovirulent <italic>E. coli</italic> identified, amongst which 47.05% were atypical enteropathogenic <italic>E. coli</italic> (EPEC), 36.97% enterotoxigenic <italic>E. coli</italic>, 10.08% Shiga toxin producing <italic>E. coli</italic> (STEC) and 5.88% were enteroinvasive <italic>E. coli</italic> (EIEC). The occurrence of the <italic>eae</italic> gene (47.06%) was higher compared with <italic>CVD432</italic> (33.61%), <italic>aaic</italic> (13.45%), <italic>stx2</italic> (10.08%) and <italic>stx1</italic> (0.84%). High resistance rates were noted for ampicillin (94.64% EPEC, 91.67% STEC, 59.09% EAEC, and 57.14% EIEC) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (100% EPEC and 83.33% STEC, 81.82% EAEC and 71.43% EIEC). <italic>sul2</italic> (71.43%), <italic>tetB</italic> (64.71%), <italic>tetA</italic> (59.94%) and <italic>blaTEM</italic> (52.10%) were detected. A double mutation (S83L; D87N) was seen in <italic>gyrA</italic> and a single mutation (S80I) was observed in <italic>parC</italic>.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>These findings suggested that measures should be taken to reduce the harm of <italic>E. coli</italic> to public health.</p></sec>
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>This study aimed to determine the relationship between assertion and aggression with addiction potential among students in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2019, 500 students of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, were selected by multistage random sampling, for a study using the Addiction Potential Scale, and Assertion and Aggression Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-square, <italic>t</italic> test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the linear regression model.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>The mean scores of addiction potential, aggression, and assertion were 32.7 ± 17.2, 41.5 ± 12.9 and 139.4 ± 22.3, respectively. In this study, 38.8% (<italic>N</italic> = 194) of students had high aggression and 76.8% (<italic>N</italic> = 384) had high assertion. In the regression model, aggression, history of drug and addictive substances abuse, history of tobacco use, and history of alcohol abuse were significantly related to addiction potential (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05). There was a negative relationship between assertion and addiction potential so that with one-unit increase in the assertion score, the addiction potential score decreased by −0.11.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>Given the direct relationship between aggression and addiction potential, and since more than three-quarters of the students had moderate to high aggression, it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue. Interventions may play an important role in improving the current situation.</p></sec>
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>This study presents the development and validation of a risk assessment program of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). This program was developed by the Korean government (Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) and a private corporation (Korea Telecom, KT), using a national database (Korean animal health integrated system, KAHIS).</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>Our risk assessment program was developed using the multilayer perceptron method using R Language. HPAI outbreaks on 544 poultry farms (307 with H5N6, and 237 with H5N8) that had available visit records of livestock-related vehicles amongst the 812 HPAI outbreaks that were confirmed between January 2014 and June 2017 were involved in this study.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>After 140,000 iterations without drop-out, a model with 3 hidden layers and 10 nodes per layer, were selected. The activation function of the model was hyperbolic tangent. Precision and recall of the test gave F1 measures of 0.41, 0.68 and 0.51, respectively, at validation. The predicted risk values were higher for the “outbreak” (average ± SD, 0.20 ± 0.31) than “non-outbreak” (0.18 ± 0.30) farms (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001).</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>The risk assessment model developed was employed during the epidemics of 2016/2017 (pilot version) and 2017/2018 (complementary version). This risk assessment model enhanced risk management activities by enabling preemptive control measures to prevent the spread of diseases.</p></sec>
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Big data-based risk assessment of poultry farms during the 2020/2021 highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic in Korea Hachung Yoon, Ilseob Lee, Hyeonjeong Kang, Kyung-Sook Kim, Eunesub Lee, Mathilde Richard PLOS ONE.2022; 17(6): e0269311. CrossRef
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>The aim of this study was to examine the factors influencing perceived oral health in elderly individuals residing in the community.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>This study used raw data from the Korea community health survey, 2016. Of the 64,223 participants that were elderly (aged ≥ 65 years), 61,280 (95.4%) were included for analysis. Self-rated oral health was the dependent variable and 6 independent variables including age, gender, type of area of residence (metropolitan or provincial), educational level, income, and living status with spouse were assessed. Oral function was studied based on mastication, pronunciation, and use of dentures, and oral health behavior included brushing teeth after breakfast, after lunch, after dinner, and before sleep). The EQ-5D questionnaire measured health-related quality of life (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression).</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>Among the general characteristics, age, gender, educational level, income, and living status with spouse were the factors that affected self-rated oral health. Mastication, pronunciation, use of dentures, and brushing after lunch, dinner, and before sleep were the factors that influenced self-rated oral function. All domains of the EQ-5D (pain/discomfort, mobility, self-care, usual activities, and anxiety/depression) were factors that affected self-rated oral health.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>The results of the current investigation suggest that the development of management and education strategies for oral health promotion in the elderly, should focus on improving oral function and oral health behavior, taking into account the socio-economic and demographic characteristics that have been shown to be associated with poor self-rated oral function.</p></sec>
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>The main purpose of this study was to identify the effects of physical therapy modalities and exercise therapy on myofascial pain syndrome by assessing the degree of effect size (ES) and related variables.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>Related studies published between 1<sup>st</sup> January 2008 and 31<sup>st</sup> December 2019were retrieved from national [KCI, RISS, National Assembly Library and DBpia (<italic>n</italic> = 405)] and international [PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane library (<italic>n</italic> = 1,600)] databases. According to the selection criteria, 25 studies were selected for review.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>The degree of ES in the physical therapy and exercise therapy combined group (1.83) showed the largest mean ES. The size of the effect according to the number of people to be treated was 41 or more (1.64), and showed the largest mean ES. The size of the effect according to treatment period was 16 to 30 days (1.41). The size of the effect for 6 to 10 treatments (1.51) showed the largest mean ES. Trim and fill results showed that the calibration ES was 0.67.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>Physical therapy modalities and exercise therapy had a great effect on myofascial pain syndrome in the neck and shoulders, and the effect differed according to the methods of intervention, and the methods of evaluation.</p></sec>
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