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PHRP : Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

OPEN ACCESS. pISSN: 2210-9099. eISSN: 2233-6052

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Original Articles

Age- and sex-specific patterns in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components in the Republic of Korea, 2014–2023: a repeated cross-sectional study of national health screening statistics
Yu-Mi Jang, Woo-Hyeon Son
Received February 22, 2026  Accepted August 3, 2026  Published online September 23, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0195    [Epub ahead of print]
Objectives
This study described 10-year trends in the prevalence of 5 metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and examined age- and sex-specific patterns in the Republic of Korea using aggregated national health screening statistics from 2014 to 2023.
Methods
This repeated cross-sectional study used publicly available aggregated data from the National Health Screening Statistical Yearbook of the National Health Insurance Service. Annual prevalence estimates were summarized overall and by age group and sex. Linear regression descriptively summarized temporal trends. Because of a marked reduction in examinees in 2018 and a discontinuity around the 2018–2019 transition, sensitivity analyses excluding 2018 were performed.
Results
From 2014 to 2023, the prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 21.0% to 25.5%, hyperglycemia from 34.7% to 40.1%, and hypertension from 42.3% to 45.1%. Hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol appeared to decrease over the same period but showed a marked discontinuity between 2018 and 2019. Prevalence generally increased across older age groups, particularly for hypertension and hyperglycemia. Men had a higher prevalence of 4 MetS components, whereas women had a higher prevalence of low HDL cholesterol.
Conclusion
MetS components showed heterogeneous temporal, age-specific, and sex-specific patterns in Korean national health screening statistics. Increases in abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia support the need for earlier age- and sex-tailored cardiometabolic prevention, whereas apparent declines in lipid-related indicators should be interpreted cautiously due to the 2018–2019 discontinuity. Because this study used aggregated repeated cross-sectional data, individual-level longitudinal studies are needed to clarify cardiometabolic risk trends in the Republic of Korea.
  • 701 View
  • 8 Download
Child health problems and social determinants as predictors of postpartum depression: a cross-sectional study using 2023 Indonesia Health Survey data
Objectives
This study examined the predictive role of child health problems and social determinants in postpartum depression (PPD), with the aim of supporting early screening strategies and more comprehensive maternal health policies. Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey, conducted by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The analysis included 26,656 postpartum women aged at least 15 years who had given birth within the previous 24 months. PPD was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Child health problems were among the strongest factors associated with PPD in Indonesia. Having had an unplanned pregnancy was associated with higher odds of PPD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.90–5.25; p < 0.001), as was having a child with chronic illness (aOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.01–5.26; p= 0.048). Social risk factors, including younger maternal age, divorce or separation from a partner, unemployment, and lack of social support, were also associated with PPD in Indonesia. Conclusion: Child health problems and adverse social conditions were significantly associated with postpartum mental health in Indonesia. Integrating early screening into maternal and child health services and strengthening maternal support systems may help reduce the burden of PPD.
  • 2,080 View
  • 101 Download
Epidemiological trends and regional risk factors for scrub typhus in Busan, Republic of Korea: 2019–2023
Keoungsuk Kim, Hyeokjin Lee, Seungah Park, Gey Ok Lee, Sang-Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):242-253.
Published online May 11, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0085
Epidemiological trends and regional risk factors for scrub typhus in Busan, Republic of Korea: 2019–2023
Objectives
Scrub typhus, an acute disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by larval chigger mites, is a representative autumn febrile illness in the Republic of Korea. We examined epidemiological characteristics underlying spatial heterogeneity in Busan Metropolitan City to inform region-specific prevention and control policies. Methods: We analyzed 1,645 confirmed and suspected scrub typhus cases reported in Busan from 2019 to 2023. Crude incidence rates and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100,000 population were calculated using the 2021 mid-year population. The chi-square test assessed associations between disease occurrence and exposure activities within the preceding 30 days. Correlation analyses examined the relationships of ASIR with environmental indicators, including per capita urban forest area, and epidemiological indicators, including prior infectious disease education. Results: The overall mean ASIR in Busan was 8.35 per 100,000 population, below the national average. However, incidence was higher in peri-urban districts, including Gijang-gun (26.12/100,000) and Gangseo-gu (15.02/100,000), than in central urban districts such as Junggu (2.20/100,000). Higher incidence was observed among women and older adults (≥60 years). ASIR correlated strongly with per capita urban forest area (r=0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.79–0.97; p<0.001). Regional differences were significant for agriculture/forestry, gardening, and general outdoor activities (p<0.001). Districts with higher incidence also displayed higher rates of infectious disease education, although this may reflect reverse causation. Conclusion: In Busan, scrub typhus incidence was concentrated in peri-urban districts. These findings support region-specific prevention strategies, evaluation of infectious disease education, enhanced mite surveillance, and practical protective measures during fieldwork.
  • 1,725 View
  • 54 Download

Review Article

Evidence for a perinatal origin of childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and protective factors
Andi Rispah Sulistianingsih, Nurjazuli Nurjazuli, Martha Irene Kartasurya, Syamsulhuda Budi Musthofa, Jauhari Oka Reuwpassa
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(2):114-135.
Published online March 27, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0351
Evidence for a perinatal origin of childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and protective factors
Objectives
This systematic review aimed to identify perinatal risk factors associated with obesity in children aged ≤5 years.
Methods
This studyfollowed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception, without language or date restrictions. In addition, gray literature sources, including LILACS and CNKI, were screened for comprehensive evidence synthesis. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled risk ratios. Study quality was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool.
Results
A total of 24,643 articles were screened, and 39 cohort studies were included in the final analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 169 to 333,353 participants. Meta-analysis results indicated that high gestational weight gain (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.82), history of cesarean section (aRR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.17–1.33), macrosomia (aRR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.55–2.27), antibiotic use (aRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14–1.51), pre-pregnancy obesity (aRR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.21–2.73), and female sex (aRR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.32–1.61) were associated with an increased risk of obesity in children aged ≤5 years. Exclusive breastfeeding (aRR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.64–0.85) was identified as a protective factor..
Conclusion
Perinatal factors and pre-pregnancy obesity played important roles in increasing the risk of obesity in children aged ≤5 years. Breastfeeding was associated with a protective effect against childhood obesity. Therefore, obesity prevention efforts should begin during pregnancy, and maintaining appropriate maternal weight before conception is equally essential.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Multi-class urinary antibiotic exposure, dietary sources, and childhood overweight and obesity risk through lipid metabolic disruption: evidence from multicenter cohorts in China
    Xinli Song, Jieyu Liu, Li Chen, Yi Zhang, Ruolin Wang, Jianuo Jiang, Lan Zhang, Yanle Xiong, Jingyang Su, Ziqi Dong, Yang Qin, Dengcheng Zhang, Zhenting Lu, Zhiying Song, Jinghong Liang, Jun Ma, Yanhui Dong
    Environmental Pollution.2026; 408: 128907.     CrossRef
  • 2,706 View
  • 104 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Scrub typhus in the era of climate change: exploring lagged and cumulative effects of meteorological factors in the Republic of Korea, 2001–2024, a nationwide time-series study
Objectives
Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a climate-sensitive vector-borne disease with high incidence in the Republic of Korea. This study examined long-term epidemiological trends and changing meteorological influences in the context of climate change.
Methods
A retrospective time-series study was conducted using national surveillance data on 149,289 scrub typhus cases (2001–2024) across 4 surveillance phases. Temporal trends in age-standardized incidence rates were evaluated using Joinpoint regression. Associations between monthly meteorological variables and incidence were assessed with Spearman correlation analysis and time-series regression analysis using distributed lag non-linear models.
Results
The national incidence increased until 2017 and has decreased since 2018, whereas the AAPC rebound to 4.32% during phase IV (2019–2024). The proportion of female cases decreased, while that of adults ≥70 years increased significantly. In phase IV, the average annual percent change increased in central and urban regions. The lag effect of meteorological factors lengthened from 4 to 6 months, with mean temperature (Tmean) and relative humidity (RH) representing the primary predictors. Phase III (2013–2018) displayed the highest cumulative relative risk (RR) for Tmean at 25.2 °C (RR, 5.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.56–13.42), whereas in phase IV, only moderate RH (58%) remained significantly associated with incidence (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.29–2.20).
Conclusion
Over the past 2 decades, the influence of meteorological factors on scrub typhus has shifted, with recent years marked by greater uncertainty under increasing climate variability and instability. For timely risk prediction and targeted prevention, adaptive surveillance systems that integrate dynamic climate indicators—capturing the intensity, frequency, and variability of extreme weather events—are needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • A Review of Domestic Research and Response Trends Regarding the Environmental and Health Impacts of Climate Change
    Young Sun Kwon, Junsuk Kang
    Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2026; 52(1): 7.     CrossRef
  • Non-linear effects and lag patterns of eco-environmental factors on scrub typhus: a spatiotemporal analysis in Yunnan, China, 2015–2022
    Xiangnan Jing, Yuewei Ling, Ruonan Jing, Fuying Guo, Feifei Yin, Dongsheng Huang, Lijie Zhang, Xiangyu Yan, Tiejun Shui
    Parasites & Vectors.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,491 View
  • 145 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Factors influencing adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment in Morocco: a cross-sectional study from the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region
Mohamed Dellal, Sanae Batoui, Youness Aassem, Khalid Habbari
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(5):476-485.
Published online September 19, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0153
Factors influencing adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment in Morocco: a cross-sectional study from the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region
Objectives
Adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment is essential for achieving successful outcomes and preventing the emergence of drug-resistant strains. This study aimed to evaluate adherence levels and identify factors associated with non-adherence among tuberculosis patients in the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region of Morocco. We hypothesized that sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors influence adherence.
Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to December 2024 in 2 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Diagnostic Centers in the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region. A total of 481 patients who had been on treatment for at least 2 months were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected through structured, pre-tested questionnaires administered in face-to-face interviews and verified against treatment cards and medical records. Adherence was defined as taking ≥90% of prescribed doses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of non-adherence.
Results
Among the 481 participants, 8.1% were non-adherent. Significant predictors of non-adherence included forgetfulness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 38.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.35–132.88), adverse effects (AOR, 14.26; 95% CI, 3.17–64.13), male sex (AOR, 6.77; 95% CI, 1.45–31.60), rural residence (AOR, 4.42; 95% CI, 1.37–14.25), self-adjusted dosing (AOR, 5.83; 95% CI, 1.20–28.34), stopping treatment after symptom improvement (AOR, 6.56; 95% CI, 1.34–32.14), and missed follow-up visits (AOR, 6.74; 95% CI, 1.56–29.19).
Conclusion
Although overall adherence was high, 8.1% of patients were non-adherent. Strategies to improve adherence should focus on addressing forgetfulness, managing side effects, enhancing access in rural areas, and reinforcing patient education and follow-up systems to improve treatment outcomes in this and similar settings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Longitudinal Observation by Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients Treated with Ethambutol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Rui Luo, Jin Ma, Yong Zhong
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(3): 1230.     CrossRef
  • Non-Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment and Its Determinants Among Tuberculosis Patients in Tanzania
    Meshack Morice, Bernadetha Hugho Kimario, Indo Ndaigeze, Damas Dismas Nyabenda
    Journal of Community Health.2026; 51(4): 648.     CrossRef
  • 1,774 View
  • 98 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Identifying risk factors for COVID-19 cluster infections in schools in the Republic of Korea: a case-control study
Jihyun Choi, Seongju Choi, Baigu Lee, Young-Joon Park, Sang Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):375-382.
Published online July 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0351
Identifying risk factors for COVID-19 cluster infections in schools in the Republic of Korea: a case-control study
Objectives
No study has yet analyzed risk factors to determine whether students with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections may affect students at neighboring schools. Therefore, this study aimed to determine risk factors for COVID-19 transmission among schools within a community in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
An epidemiological investigation was conducted among 696 students and school staff members at 3 schools where COVID-19 clusters began on October 15, 2021. Interviews, visit history surveys, a facility risk assessment, and closed-circuit television were used to identify risk factors. The statistical significance of risk factors was also evaluated.
Results
We confirmed 129 cases (18.5%) among the individuals exposed to COVID-19 at the 3 schools, many of whom had a history of visiting the same multi-use facilities. The odds ratio of having visited multi-use facilities such as karaoke rooms was 1.90 (95% confidence interval, 1.03–3.50); the number of visits to a karaoke room and the visit durations were significantly higher among confirmed cases than non-confirmed cases (p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively).
Conclusion
Having a history of visiting karaoke rooms often and spending a long time there were risk factors for COVID-19 infection and inter-school transmission. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the status of multi-use facilities frequently visited by adolescents and consider incorporating them into the scope of school quarantine to prevent infectious diseases at schools in a community.
  • 5,122 View
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Household secondary attack rates and risk factors during periods of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant predominance in the Republic of Korea
Jin Lee, Mijeong Ko, Seontae Kim, Dosang Lim, Gemma Park, Sang-Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(4):263-271.
Published online August 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0133
Household secondary attack rates and risk factors during periods of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant predominance in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
The household secondary attack rate (SAR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important indicator for community transmission. This study aimed to characterize transmission by comparing household SARs and identifying risk factors during the periods of Delta and Omicron variant predominance in Republic of Korea.
Methods
We defined the period of Delta variant predominance (Delta period) as July 25, 2021 to January 15, 2022, and the period of Omicron variant predominance (Omicron period) as February 7 to September 3, 2022. The number of index cases included was 214,229 for the Delta period and 5,521,393 for the Omicron period. To identify the household SARs and risk factors for each period, logistic regression was performed to determine the adjusted odds ratio (aOR).
Results
The SAR was 35.2% for the Delta period and 43.1% for the Omicron period. The aOR of infection was higher in 2 groups, those aged 0 to 18 years and ≥75 years, compared to those aged 19 to 49 years. Unvaccinated individuals (vs. vaccinated individuals) and individuals experiencing initial infection (vs. individuals experiencing a second or third infection) had an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion
This study analyzed the household SARs and risk factors. We hope that the results can help develop age-specific immunization plans and responses to reduce the SAR in preparation for emerging infectious diseases or potential new variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Current Impact of COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Facilities in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review
    Stefan Gravenstein, Catherine E. Cooke, Daniel Verdi, Mark J. Fedele, Sohini Ganguli, Stephan Martin, Florin Draica
    The Senior Care Pharmacist.2026; 41(5): 167.     CrossRef
  • Lower Levels of Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant of Concern vs Wild Type: An Interplay Between Transmissibility and Immune Status
    Angelique M A M Winkel, Eva Kozanli, Mildred E Haverkort, Sjoerd M Euser, Judith G C Sluiter-Post, Rob Mariman, Afke Vogelzang, Jordy de Bakker, Coen R Lap, Marianne A van Houten, Dirk Eggink, Steven F L van Lelyveld
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2025; 231(3): 653.     CrossRef
  • Impact of disease severity, age, sex, comorbidity, and vaccination on secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
    Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman, Yang Ye, Zhen Wang, Abhishek Pandey, Joanne M. Langley, Alison P. Galvani, Seyed M. Moghadas
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • SARS-CoV-2 secondary attack rates and risks for transmission among agricultural workers and their households in Guatemala, 2022-2023
    Joseph Daniel Carreon, Molly M. Lamb, Anna N. Chard, Diva M. Calvimontes, Chelsea Iwamoto, Neudy Rojop, Jose Monzon, Ian D. Plumb, Edgar Barrios, Julio del Cid-Villatoro, Kareen Arias, Melissa Gomez, Claudia Maribel Paiz Reyes, Maria Renee Lopez, May Chu,
    IJID Regions.2025; 16: 100676.     CrossRef
  • 8,429 View
  • 176 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Risk factors for transmission in a COVID-19 cluster infection in a high school in the Republic of Korea
Jin-Hwan Jeon, Su Jin Kang, Se-Jin Jeong, Hyeon-Cheol Jang, Young-Joon Park, Sang-Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(4):252-262.
Published online July 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0125
Risk factors for transmission in a COVID-19 cluster infection in a high school in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the scale, characteristics, risk factors, and modes of transmission in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak at a high school in Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Methods
An epidemiological survey was conducted of 1,118 confirmed cases and close contacts from a COVID-19 outbreak at an educational facility starting on May 31, 2021. In-depth interviews, online questionnaires, flow evaluations, and CCTV analyses were used to devise infection prevention measures. Behavioral and spatial risk factors were identified, and statistical significance was tested.
Results
Among 3rd-year students, there were 33 confirmed COVID-19 cases (9.6%). Students who used a study room in the annex building showed a statistically significant 4.3-fold elevation in their relative risk for infection compared to those who did not use the study room. Moreover, CCTV facial recognition analysis confirmed that 17.8% of 3rd-year students did not wear masks and had the lowest percentage of mask-wearers by grade. The air epidemiological survey conducted in the study room in the annex, which met the 3 criteria for a closed space, confirmed that there was only 10% natural ventilation due to the poor ventilation system.
Conclusion
To prevent and manage the spread of COVID-19 in educational facilities, advance measures that consider the size, operation, and resources of each school are crucial. In addition, various survey methodologies should be used in future studies to quickly analyze a wider range of data that can inform an evidence-based quarantine response.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Detection of a cluster of Omicron's BA.4 sublineage in Northern Senegal and identification of the first XAS recombinant variant in Senegal
    Martin Faye, Modeste Name Faye, Babacar Ndiaye, Moussa Moïse Diagne, Safietou Sankhe, Ndeye Marième Top, Amadou Diallo, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ndongo Dia, Amadou Alpha Sall, Ousmane Faye
    Virus Research.2024; 339: 199259.     CrossRef
  • 7,983 View
  • 237 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Risk factors associated with death due to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in hospitalized Korean patients (2018–2022)
Jia Kim, Hyo-jeong Hong, Ji-hye Hwang, Na-Ri Shin, Kyungwon Hwang
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(3):151-163.
Published online June 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0048
Risk factors associated with death due to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in hospitalized Korean patients (2018–2022)
Objectives
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has no vaccine or treatment and an extremely high fatality rate. We aimed to analyze and evaluate the risk factors for death associated with SFTS.
Methods
Among reports from 2018 to 2022, we compared and analyzed 1,034 inpatients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SFTS who underwent complete epidemiological investigations.
Results
Most of the inpatients with SFTS were aged 50 years or older (average age, 67.6 years). The median time from symptom onset to death was 9 days, and the average case fatality rate was 18.5%. Risk factors for death included age of 70 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 4.82); agriculture-related occupation (OR, 2.01); underlying disease (OR, 7.20); delayed diagnosis (OR, 1.28 per day); decreased level of consciousness (OR, 5.53); fever/chills (OR, 20.52); prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (OR, 4.19); and elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (OR, 2.91), blood urea nitrogen (OR, 2.62), and creatine (OR, 3.21).
Conclusion
The risk factors for death in patients with SFTS were old age; agriculture-related occupation; underlying disease; delayed clinical suspicion; fever/chills; decreased level of consciousness; and elevated activated partial thromboplastin time, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatine levels.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Seroprevalence and Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Diseases in Korea
    Jongyoun Yi, Ahreum Kim, Maeng Seok Noh, Changhoon Kim, Hyun Jin Son, Mee Kyung Ko, Kye-Hyung Kim
    Viruses.2026; 18(2): 217.     CrossRef
  • Overwintering Ticks as a Reservoir for Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in the Republic of Korea
    Hyunyoung Yoon, Hee Il Lee, Seong Yoon Kim
    Entomological Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Ecological signature on the epidemiological dynamics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
    Zhe Lou, Jing Lu, Shuyi Liang, Wei Zhao, Ling Huang, Haowei Wang, Xiang Li, Jianli Hu, Ruiyun Li, Bo Zhang
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2026; 20(6): e0014408.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Predictors of Mortality in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Ke-Xin Wang, Guo-Mei Xia, Yu-Han Liu, Shuai-Ru Jiao, Yu-Feng Gao, Sheng-Qun Deng
    Pathogens.2026; 15(7): 767.     CrossRef
  • Commentary on “Low Thoracic Muscle Mass: A Novel Indicator of Poor Prognosis in Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome”
    Mohammad Barary, Mostafa Javanian, Mohammad Golparvar Azizi, Mehran Shokri, Soheil Ebrahimpour
    Immunity, Inflammation and Disease.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Identification of early prognostic biomarkers in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome using machine learning algorithms
    Jie Zhu, Jianmei Zhou, Chunhui Tao, Guomei Xia, Bingyan Liu, Xiaowei Zheng, Xu Li, Zhenhua Zhang
    Annals of Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The immunogenicity and protection efficacy evaluation of mRNA vaccine candidate for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in mice
    Da-Eun Jeong, Jack Yoon, Baek Kim, Jun-Gu Kang, Abdallah M. Samy
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2025; 19(4): e0012999.     CrossRef
  • Retrospective Analysis of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome and Construction of a Nomogram Prediction Model for Mortality Risk Factors
    Gang Chen, Yuchen Du, Xiuchang Ma, Yaowen Liang, Apeng Chen, Jie Wei, Jinhuan Wu, Wenxian Qian, Shuqin Xie, Yi Yan, Zheng Hu, Yishan Zheng, Man Tian, Changhua Yi
    Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Deciphering the evolutionary landscape of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus across East Asia
    Dongbin Park, Kwan Woo Kim, Young-Il Kim, Mark Anthony B Casel, Hyunwoo Jang, Woohyun Kwon, Kanghee Kim, Se-Mi Kim, Monford Paul Abishek N, Eun-Ha Kim, Hobin Jang, Suhee Hwang, Seok-Min Yun, Joo-Yeon Lee, Hye Won Jeong, Su-Jin Park, Young Ki Choi
    Virus Evolution.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Acute kidney injury as a prognostic marker in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
    Jin Mi Lee, Hae Lee Kim, Myoung-nam Lim, Changhyup Kim, Yeon Ju La, Yong Duk Jeon, Won Sup Oh, Seongmin Son, Sunhwa Lee, Hyunjeong Baek, Daniel Duck-Jin Hwang, Ji In Park
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Double-Stranded RNA-Based Method for Diagnosing Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia
    Jung Wan Park, Jaemin Jeon, Yoosik Kim, Min Hyok Jeon
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(1): 105.     CrossRef
  • 7,185 View
  • 254 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Risk factors for deaths associated with COVID-19 according to the cause of death classification in Republic of Korea
Na-Young Kim, Seong-Sun Kim, Hyun Ju Lee, Dong Hwi Kim, Boyeong Ryu, Eunjeong Shin, Donghyok Kwon
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(2):89-99.
Published online April 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0312
Risk factors for deaths associated with COVID-19 according to the cause of death classification in Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study aimed to classify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths according to whether COVID-19 was listed as the cause of death, and to investigate the differences in demographic characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 death classifications.
Methods
A total of 5,625 deaths in South Korea among patients with confirmed COVID-19 from January 20, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were selected. Excluding false reports and unnatural deaths, 5,597 deaths were analyzed. Based on death report data, deaths were classified according to whether the cause of death was listed as COVID-19 (CD) or not (NCD). The epidemiological characteristics and causes of deaths were investigated using descriptive, univariate, and multivariate statistical analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to analyze the risk factors.
Results
The case fatality ratio was 0.89% and increased with age. Additionally, 96.4% of the subjects had an underlying disease, and 53.4% died in winter. The proportion of NCDs was 9.3%, of whom 19.1% died at home and 39.0% were confirmed to have COVID-19 after death. Malignant neoplasms (102/416 vs. 637/4,442; OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.36−2.16; p<0.001) were significantly associated with NCD.
Conclusion
This is the first study to analyze risk factors by cause of death using COVID-19 death report data in South Korea. These results are expected to be used as evidence for establishing a death monitoring system that can collect timely information in a new infectious disease pandemic.

Citations

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  • A Meta-Analysis of the Association between Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and SARS-COV-2 Risk/Severity in the Korean Population
    T.-Th.-D. Nguyen, M. Zayed, D.-I. Choi, Ch.-S. Lee, B.-H. Jeong
    Russian Journal of Genetics.2025; 61(8): 997.     CrossRef
  • 6,624 View
  • 125 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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Analysis of risk factors affecting suicidal ideation in South Korea by life cycle stage
Ji-Young Hwang, Il-Su Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(5):314-323.
Published online October 26, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0208
Objectives
This study analyzed risk factors for suicidal ideation in South Koreans from a life cycle perspective.
Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted of data collected in 2015 as part of the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The participants comprised 5,935 individuals aged 12 years or older. The statistical analysis reflected the complex sampling design of the KNHANES, and the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.
Results
The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 5.7% in adolescents, 3.7% in young adults, 5.4% in middle-aged adults, and 7.0% in older adults. Depression and stress were risk factors in every stage of the life cycle. In those aged 12 to 19 years, activity restrictions were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Education and subjective health status were risk factors in adults aged 20 to 39 years, and education, activity restrictions, and quality of life were the major risk factors in those aged 40 to 64 years. For adults 65 years of age or older, the risk of suicidal ideation was higher among those with inappropriate sleep time.
Conclusion
The risk factors for suicidal ideation were found to be different across stages of the life cycle. This suggests a need for individualized suicide prevention plans and specific government policies that reflect the characteristics of each life cycle stage.

Citations

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Review Article

<p>This review compared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) laboratory findings, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes in patients from the general population versus medical staff to aid diagnosis of COVID-19 in a more timely, efficient, and accurate way. Electronic databases were searched up to 23<sup>rd</sup> March, 2020. The initial search yielded 6,527 studies. Following screening, 24 studies were included [18 studies (11,564 cases) of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the general public, and 6 studies (394 cases) in medical staff] in this review. Significant differences were observed in white blood cell counts (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), lymphocyte counts (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), platelet counts (<italic>p</italic> = 0.04), procalcitonin levels (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase levels (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), and creatinine levels (<italic>p</italic> = 0.03) when comparing infected medical staff with the general public. The mortality rate was higher in the general population than in medical staff (8% versus 2%). This review showed that during the early stages of COVID-19, laboratory findings alone may not be significant predictors of infection and may just accompany increasing C-reactive protein levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. In the symptomatic stage, the lymphocyte and platelet counts tended to decrease. Elevated D-dimer fibrin degradation product was associated with poor prognosis.</p>

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Original Articles

Risk Factors in Early Life for Preschool Children in Korea that are Associated with Being Overweight or Obese
Jin Suk Ra, Hyun Jung Yun
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(1):15-26.
Published online February 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.04
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The present study addressed the risk factors in early life for Korean preschool children that are associated with being overweight or obese.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study, which included 507 mothers with preschool children aged 3–5 years, who attended daycare centers. Data were acquired via a self-administered questionnaire completed by the mothers. Of the 650 questionnaires that were distributed, 507 (78%) were completed and sent back. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors in early life, which may contribute to being overweight or obese in preschool children.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>Fifty-eight (11.4%) preschool children were overweight and 41 (8.1%) were obese. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for covariates, revealed a significant association with the introduction of solid foods before 4 months of age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 9.49, <italic>p</italic> = 0.029] and a nonresponsive feeding style (aOR = 2.80, <italic>p</italic> = 0.043) with being overweight or obese in preschool children.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>The findings of this study highlighted the need for parenting education programs on feeding practices to increase their understanding of hunger and satiety cues in infants, and appropriate timing for the introduction of solid foods.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • Trajectory of Obesity and the Impact of Eating Behaviors on Obesity in Preschool Children: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
    Kyeong Hun Lee, Baek Seung Kim, Gitae Seo, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Kyunghoon Kim, Eun-Ae Yang
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    Bernardo Lessa Horta, Nigel Rollins, Mariane S. Dias, Valquiria Garcez, Rafael Pérez‐Escamilla
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  • 11,984 View
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Enteroparasitism and Risk Factors Associated with Clinical Manifestations in Children and Adults of Jalisco State in Western Mexico
María de la Luz Galván-Ramírez, Ana Luisa Madriz-Elisondo, Cynthia Guadalupe Temores Ramírez, Jorge de Jesús Romero Rameño, Dania Araceli de la O Carrasco, Marco Antonio Cardona López
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(1):39-48.
Published online February 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.1.08
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in the population of San Juan Cosala, Jalisco, Mexico.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>A total of 277 samples from 104 participants were analysed using direct smear, flotation, formaldehyde/ethyl acetate, and modified Kinyoun’s acid-fast stain methods. The Graham method was applied only for samples from children under 12 years of age for the diagnosis of<italic> Enterobius vermicularis.</italic></p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The prevalence of parasite infections in the study population was 77.9% including:<italic> Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii/E. bangladeshi</italic> (37.5%),<italic> Giardia intestinalis</italic> (11.5%);<italic> commensals: Endolimax nana</italic> (44.2%),<italic> Entamoeba coli</italic> (27.9%),<italic> Chilomastix mesnili</italic> (6.7%) and<italic> Iodamoeba bütschlii</italic>, (2.9%); emerging intestinal protozoans:<italic> Blastocystis</italic> spp. (49%),<italic> Cryptosporidium</italic> spp. (7.7%) and <italic>Cyclospora cayetanensis</italic> (2.9%); and helminths:<italic> Enterobius vermicularis</italic> (18.3%) and <italic>Ascaris lumbricoides</italic> (5.8%). The results also showed that 58.64% of the studied population presented polyparasitism. A significant association was found between protozoan infections and housewives, and houses that were not built with concrete ceilings, brick walls and cement floors (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Polyparasitism was observed in over half the study population. The most prevalent parasite was <italic>Blastocystis</italic> spp, whilst the prevalence of helminths was less than that of protozoans. The risk factors for infection to intestinal parasites were being a housewife and not having solid brick, cement and concrete materials for house construction.</p></sec>

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Intra-Oral Factors Influencing Halitosis in Young Women
Ho Sun Shon, Kyoung Ok Kim, Jae Kwan Jung, Eun Jong Cha, Su Ok Lee, Kyung Ah Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(6):340-347.
Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.6.08
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The aim of this research was to determine intra-oral factors that affect halitosis in young women.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>This study was performed between March 2014 to May 2014, and included 35 women in their 20s with good oral health. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the change in halitosis immediately, and 1 hour after scaling.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>In both oral gas (OG) and extraoral gas (EG) groups, halitosis was reduced after scaling compared to before scaling. The logistic regression analysis of oral state factors in OG showed that as oral fluid [odds ratio (OR) = 0.792, <italic>p</italic> = 0.045] and dental plaque (OR = 0.940, <italic>p</italic> = 0.016) decreased by 1 unit, the OR in the OG group decreased (> 50). In addition, as glucose levels in the oral cavity (OR = 1.245, <italic>p</italic> = 0.075) and tongue coating index (OR = 2.912, <italic>p</italic> = 0.064) increased by 1 unit, the OR in the OG group increased (> 50). Furthermore, in the EG group, as oral fluid (OR = 0.66, <italic>p</italic> = 0.01) and dental plaque (OR = 0.95, <italic>p</italic> = 0.04) decreased, the OR in the EG group decreased (> 50) significantly.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>To control halitosis, it is necessary to increase oral fluid and decrease the amount of tongue plaque. Furthermore, maintaining a healthy oral environment, aided by regular scaling and removal of dental plaque, may significantly control halitosis.</p></sec>

Citations

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Association between Beta-lactam Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors in AmpC Producing Clinical Strains of P. aeruginosa
Sanaz Dehbashi, Hamed Tahmasebi, Mohammad Reza Arabestani
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(6):325-333.
Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.6.06
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of <italic>IMP</italic> and <italic>OXA</italic> genes in clinical strains of <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> (<italic>P. aeruginosa</italic>) that are carriers of the <italic>ampC</italic> gene.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>In this study, 105 clinical isolates of <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> were collected. Antibiotic resistance patterns were determined using the disk diffusion method. The strains carrying AmpC enzymes were characterized by a combination disk method. Multiplex-PCR was used to identify resistance and virulence genes, chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between variables.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>Among 105 isolates of <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic>, the highest antibiotic resistance was to cefotaxime and aztreonam, and the least resistance was to colictin and ceftazidime. There were 49 isolates (46.66%) that showed an AmpC phenotype. In addition, the frequencies of the resistance genes were; <italic>OXA48</italic> gene 85.2%, <italic>OXA199, 139</italic> 3.8%, <italic>OXA23</italic> 3.8%, <italic>OXA2</italic> 66.6%, <italic>OXA10</italic> 3.8%, <italic>OXA51</italic> 85.2% and <italic>OXA58</italic> 3.8%. The <italic>IMP27</italic> gene was detected in 9 isolates (8.57%) and the <italic>IMP3.34</italic> was detected in 11 isolates (10.47%). Other genes detected included; <italic>lasR</italic> (17.1%), <italic>lasB</italic> (18%) and <italic>lasA</italic> (26.6%). There was a significant relationship between virulence factors and the <italic>OX</italic> and <italic>IMP</italic> genes (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05).</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>The relationship between antibiotic resistance and virulence factors observed in this study could play an important role in outbreaks associated with <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> infections.</p></sec>

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  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bloodstream and central nervous system infections in children: virulence, resistance, and clinical aspects
    Zulfirya Z. Sadeeva, Anna V. Lazareva, Ksenia A. Romanova, Ekaterina A. Samoylova, Rustam N. Heydarov, Vladimir M. Mikhailovich
    Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Wenjing Zhang, Runcheng Zhou, Jingwei Pan, Zhiteng Lin, Xumei Yi, Kecan Chen, Xin Chen
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    Łucja Justyna Walczak, Magdalena Kwiatkowska, Bartosz Twarowski, Maria Kubacka, Julia Paluch, Mariola Herbet
    Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Shakti Rath, Debidatta Singhsamanta, Debasmita Dubey, Saumya Ranjan Das
    IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology a.2024; 10(3): 258.     CrossRef
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    Negar Narimisa, Abbasali Keshtkar, Leila Dadgar-Zankbar, Narjess Bostanghadiri, Yasaman Rouein Far, Soheila Shahroodian, Abed Zahedi Bialvaei, Shabnam Razavi
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    Ankita Srivastava, Digvijay Verma
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    Eva A. Edward, Marwa R. El Shehawy, Alaa Abouelfetouh, Elsayed Aboulmagd
    BMC Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular epidemiology and collaboration of siderophore-based iron acquisition with surface adhesion in hypervirulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from wound infections
    Hamed Tahmasebi, Sanaz Dehbashi, Mona Nasaj, Mohammad Reza Arabestani
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Decoding Genetic Features and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Bloodstream Infections
    Tomasz Bogiel, Dagmara Depka, Mateusz Rzepka, Agnieszka Mikucka
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(16): 9208.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of the Genes Associated with Biofilm and Toxins Synthesis amongst the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Strains
    Tomasz Bogiel, Dagmara Depka, Mateusz Rzepka, Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg, Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
    Antibiotics.2021; 10(3): 241.     CrossRef
  • A Comprehensive Study of the Relationship between the Production of β-Lactamase Enzymes and Iron/Siderophore Uptake Regulatory Genes in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii
    Mahyar Porbaran, Hamed Tahmasebi, MohammadReza Arabestani, Joseph Falkinham
    International Journal of Microbiology.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
  • Regulation of virulence and β-lactamase gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus isolates: cooperation of two-component systems in bloodstream superbugs
    Sanaz Dehbashi, Hamed Tahmasebi, Behrouz Zeyni, Mohammad Reza Arabestani
    BMC Microbiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • New approach to identify colistin‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa by high‐resolution melting curve analysis assay
    H. Tahmasebi, S. Dehbashi, M.R. Arabestani
    Letters in Applied Microbiology.2020; 70(4): 290.     CrossRef
  • Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying virulence genes in hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection from Sanandaj, west of Iran
    Safoura Derakhshan, Aslan Hosseinzadeh
    Gene Reports.2020; 20: 100675.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and molecular typing of Metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa with adhesion factors: A descriptive analysis of burn wounds isolates from Iran
    Hamed Tahmasebi, Sanaz Dehbashi, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani, Mahyar Porbaran, Mohammad Reza Arabestani
    Gene Reports.2020; 21: 100853.     CrossRef
  • Co-harboring of mcr-1 and β-lactamase genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRMA): Molecular typing of superbug strains in bloodstream infections (BSI)
    Hamed Tahmasebi, Sanaz Dehbashi, Mohammad Reza Arabestani
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 85: 104518.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Biofilm Regulating Operons and Various Β-Lactamase Enzymes: Analysis of the Clinical Features of Infections caused by Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli (Nfgnb) from Iran
    Mahyar Porbaran, Reza Habibipour
    Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology.2020; 14(3): 1723.     CrossRef
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    Tomasz Bogiel, Małgorzata Prażyńska, Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg, Agnieszka Mikucka, Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
    Antibiotics.2020; 10(1): 8.     CrossRef
  • Biofilm Formation and β-lactamase Enzymes: A Synergism Activity in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Wound Infection
    Mahyar Porbaran, Reza Habibipour
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Relationships between Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections and Commensal Isolates in Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Reza Asadi Karam, Mehri Habibi, Saeid Bouzari
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(5):217-224.
Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.5.02
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>Uropathogenic <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> (UPEC) are the major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Here, we determined whether sensitivity to antibiotics was related to the prevalence of iron scavenging genes, or to biofilm and hemolysis formation.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>A total of 110 UPEC and 30 <italic>E coli</italic> isolates were collected from the urine of UTI patients and feces of healthy individuals without UTI, respectively. The presence of iron receptor genes and phenotypic properties were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and phenotypic methods, respectively. Susceptibility to routine antibiotics was evaluated using the disc diffusion method.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The prevalence of iron scavenging genes ranged from 21.8% (<italic>ireA</italic>) to 84.5% (<italic>chuA</italic>) in the UPEC. Resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime was significantly correlated with the presence of <italic>fyuA</italic> and <italic>iutA</italic> iron genes. Biofilm production was significantly associated with the prevalence of <italic>fyuA</italic> and <italic>hma</italic> iron genes. A higher degree of antibiotic resistance was exhibited by isolates that produced biofilms than by their non-biofilm producing counterparts.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Our study clearly indicates that biofilm production is associated with antibiotic resistance, and that iron receptors and hemolysin production also contribute to reduced antibiotic sensitivity. These results further our understanding of the role that these virulence factors play during UPEC pathogenesis, which in turn may be valuable for the development of novel treatment strategies against UTIs.</p></sec>

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Obesity Levels in Korean Adults: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2015
Kwanjun Park, Sunmi Lim, Yoonhyung Park, Woong Ju, Yoonhee Shin, Hansol Yeom
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(4):150-159.
Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.4.03
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The increase in the obesity rate in adult males in Korea is higher than countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and other Asian countries. We examined the trends and prevalence of major risk factors for cardiovascular disease by evaluating the weight status amongst adults from 2007 to 2015.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>The study included 37,402 adults, who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The prevalence trends of cardiovascular disease risk factors were estimated for each body mass index group.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>From 2007 to 2015, significant increases in the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia were observed in normal weight adults (0.03 percentage point (%p), 0.06%p, and 0.13%p, respectively). Amongst the overweight and obese adults, a significant increase in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was observed, During this period, the prevalence of smoking decreased amongst obese adults and no significant changes in drinking habits and physical activity were noted across all body mass index groups.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>The prevalence of obesity in Korean adults is increasing, and it is necessary to implement interventions to prevent further weight gain and obesity-associated cardiovascular disease.</p></sec>

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  • Classification and Prediction on the Effects of Nutritional Intake on Overweight/Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Deep Learning Model: 4–7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Hyerim Kim, Dong Hoon Lim, Yoona Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(11): 5597.     CrossRef
  • Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors by BMI category among adults in England, 2003‐2018
    Shaun Scholes, Linda Ng Fat, Jennifer S. Mindell
    Obesity.2021; 29(8): 1347.     CrossRef
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    Wes Spiller, Keum Ji Jung, Ji-Young Lee, Sun Ha Jee
    Korean Circulation Journal.2020; 50(2): 91.     CrossRef
  • Association of the Healthy Eating Index with Estimated Cardiovascular Age in Adults from the KNHANES 2013–2017
    Sunmin Park, Kyungjin Kim, Byung-Kook Lee, Jaeouk Ahn
    Nutrients.2020; 12(10): 2912.     CrossRef
  • 11,506 View
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Meeting Report

The 2nd Meeting of National Control Laboratories for Vaccines and Biologicals in the Western Pacific
Hokyung Oh, Jinho Shin, Chung Keel Lee, Masaki Ochiai, Kiyoko Nojima, Chang Kweng Lim, Sanj Raut, Irene Lisovsky, Stella Williams, Ki Young Yoo, Dong-Yeop Shin, Manabu Ato, Qiang Ye, Kiwon Han, Chulhyun Lee, Naery Lee, Ji Young Hong, Kikyung Jung, Pham Van Hung, Jayoung Jeong
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(3):133-139.
Published online June 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.3.10
<p>The Second Meeting of the National Control Laboratories for Vaccines and Biologicals in the Western Pacific, was jointly organized by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in the Republic of Korea, and by the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific.</p> <p>In the National Lot Release Systems session countries including Canada, China, Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam, and the Republic of Korea, all shared information on their current Lot Release Systems, including current practices and developments in risk-based official lot release of vaccines.</p> <p>In the session on Quality Control of Blood Products, experts from the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control shared quality control and research results for; blood coagulation factor VIII products, and the measurement of procoagulant activity in immunoglobulin products. Representatives from Japan proposed a regional collaborative study to test aggregated immunoglobulin free from complement activity. A cell-based Japanese encephalitis vaccine potency assay was proposed by representatives from Korea and they also called for voluntary participation of other National Control Laboratories in a collaborative study, on the first Korean <italic>Gloydius</italic> anti-venom standard. Participants agreed in general to continue communicating, and coordinate presentation of the study results.</p>

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  • A collaborative study to establish the second national standard for hepatitis B immunoglobulin in Korea
    Chan Woong Choi, Su Kyoung Seong, Ki Won Han, Hyun Jeong Kim, Kyung Hee Sohn, Sun Bo Shim, Yun Su Bang, JungHwan Cho, In Soo Shin
    Biologicals.2023; 82: 101679.     CrossRef
  • Report on the seventh meeting of national control laboratories for vaccines and biologicals of the WHO Western Pacific and South-East Asia member states
    Sun Bo Shim, Chan Woong Choi, Jin Ho Shin, Jong Won Kim, Silke Schepelmann, Jae Ho Jung, Harish Chander, Ratih Pujilestari, Madoka Kuramitsu, Masaki Ochiai, Nee Yuan Qi, Geraldine N. Dimapilis, Luu Thi Dung, Hyung Sil Moon, In Soo Shin
    Biologicals.2023; 84: 101712.     CrossRef
  • 8,053 View
  • 138 Download
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Original Articles
Age-differentiated Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation among Young and Middle-aged Korean Adults
Ahra Jo, Minho Jeon, Heeyoung Oh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(3):201-210.
Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.3.07
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation among young and middle-aged adults, and explore the risk factors that affect suicidal ideation.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A descriptive study design was used for secondary data analysis. A total sample of 5,214 was drawn from two waves (2012–2013) of the 7th Korea Health Panel (KHP) survey. The KHP data were collected by a well-trained interviewer using the face-to-face method during home visits as well as self-report method. Descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS 22.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The prevalence of suicidal ideation in young and middle-aged adults was 4.4% and 5.6%, respectively. For young adults, suicidal ideation risk was higher among those with low income or heavy drinking habits. In middle-aged adults, low income, poor perceived health status, negative perception of peer-compared health status, and negative social perspective were the major risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>There is considerable risk of suicidal ideation in adulthood. Opportunities for increased income, avoidance of heavy drinking, and the construction of positive subjective health status and social perspective should be considered in suicide prevention interventions for Korean young and middle-aged adults.</p></sec>

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  • Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Continuum of Suicidal Ideation
    Minjae Choi, Yeaseul Yoon, Yo Han Lee, Hyun-Hee Heo, Myung Ki
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  • Psychosocial risk factors of youth suicide in the Western Pacific: a scoping review
    Mohammad Izzat Morshidi, Peter K. H. Chew, Lidia Suárez
    Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.2024; 59(2): 201.     CrossRef
  • Hospitalizations for Suicidal Events: Reiteration Risk—The Experience in the Veneto Region, Italy
    Silvia Cocchio, Giulia Tremolada, Nicola Cogo, Claudia Cozzolino, Mario Saia, Michele Tonon, Francesca Russo, Patrizia Furlan, Marco Fonzo, Vincenzo Baldo
    Psychiatry International.2024; 5(3): 434.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of Suicidal Behavior in Young Adults: An Analysis of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data Using Propensity Score Matching
    Young Hwa Lee, Seon Young Hwang
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Menta.2024; 33(4): 413.     CrossRef
  • Spatial and temporal trends and risk factors for intentional carbon monoxide poisoning hospitalizations in England between 2002 and 2016
    Aina Roca-Barceló, Helen Crabbe, Rebecca Close, Helena Fahie, Giovanni S. Leonardi, Frédéric B. Piel
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  • Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on intensive care admissions and mortality due to self-poisoning: A retrospective comparative study from a tertiary care hospital
    Aneela Α. Kidwai, Komal Fareed, Jamal Ara, Mahnoor Khalil, Shaista Ahmed, Syeda Urooj Riaz, Yumna Ahmed
    Public Health and Toxicology.2023; 3(3): 1.     CrossRef
  • Spectrum and predictors of suicidal risk among incarcerated youth in a correctional facility in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria
    Marufah Dupe Lasisi, Folorunsho Tajudeen Nuhu, Femi Adebayo, Edwin Ehi Eseigbe, Taiwo Lateef Sheikh
    Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies.2022; 17(2): 147.     CrossRef
  • Alcohol use and its association with suicide attempt, suicidal thoughts and non-suicidal self-harm in two successive, nationally representative English household samples
    Sarah Ledden, Paul Moran, David Osborn, Alexandra Pitman
    BJPsych Open.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associations between Suicidal Ideation and Relatives’ Physical and Mental Health among Community Residents: Differences between Family Members and Lineal Consanguinity
    Caifeng Li, Zhen Wei, Yifan Wang, Long Sun
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2022; 19(23): 15997.     CrossRef
  • Factors affecting suicidal ideation among premenopausal and postmenopausal women
    Go‐Un Kim, Hae Kyoung Son, Mi‐Young Kim
    Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2021; 28(3): 356.     CrossRef
  • Depression and suicidal ideation among HIV seropositive patients attending the special treatment clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
    Elvis Mbu Bisong, Chidi John Okafor, Agam Ebaji Ayuk, Udeme Essien Asibong, Henry Ohem Okpa
    Calabar Journal of Health Sciences.2021; 4: 64.     CrossRef
  • The role of ageing in the wish to be dead: disentangling age, period and cohort effects in suicide ideation in European population
    M. Cabello, L. A. Rico-Uribe, J. C. Martinez-Ávila, A. Sánchez-Niubò, F. F. Caballero, G. Borges, B. Mellor-Marsá, J. M. Haro, M. Prina, S. Koskinen, J. L. Ayuso-Mateos
    Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association Between Suicide Risk and Comorbidity of Mood Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder: Using Common Data Model in Psychiatry
    Yong Hyuk Cho, Eunyoung Lee, Eun Sil Her, Gyubeom Hwang, Ki-Young Lim, Jai Sung Noh, Yunmi Shin, Chang Hyung Hong, Hyun Woong Roh, Dongyun Lee, Heirim Lee, Doyeop Kim, Rae Woong Park, Bumhee Park, Sang Joon Son
    Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2021; 60(3): 232.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of risk factors affecting suicidal ideation in South Korea by life cycle stage
    Ji-Young Hwang, Il-Su Park
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2021; 12(5): 314.     CrossRef
  • Association of chronic diseases and lifestyle factors with suicidal ideation among adults aged 18–69 years in Eswatini: evidence from a population-based survey
    Mfundi President Sebenele Motsa, Hung-Yi Chiou, Yi-Hua Chen
    BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cross-national prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and attempts in older and young-and-middle age people
    Maria Cabello, Marta Miret, José Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Felix Feliz Caballero, Somnath Chatterji, Beata Tobiasz-Adamczyk, Josep Maria Haro, Seppo Koskinen, Matilde Leonardi, Guilherme Borges
    Aging & Mental Health.2020; 24(9): 1533.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics, causality, and suicidal behavior: a qualitative study of family members with suicide history in Wonogiri, Indonesia
    Susana Nurtanti, Sri Handayani, Nita Yunianti Ratnasari, Putri Halimu Husna, Tantut Susanto
    Frontiers of Nursing.2020; 7(2): 169.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation among Middle Class Korean: Focusing on Psychosocial Comparison - An Analysis of a Nationwide Survey of the 8th Korea Health Panel Data
    Ahra Jo, Bora Kang, Youngju Seo, Eunha Gil, Heeyoung Oh
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2018; 29(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • The Function of Personality in Suicidal Ideation from the Perspective of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide
    Marc Baertschi, Alessandra Costanza, Alessandra Canuto, Kerstin Weber
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2018; 15(4): 636.     CrossRef
  • To Be or Not to Be
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2017; 8(3): 157.     CrossRef
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Low Levels of Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis among Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Isolates and Their Relationship to Risk Factors: Surveillance in Tehran, Iran; 2006 to 2014
Alireza Hadizadeh Tasbiti, Shamsi Yari, Mostafa Ghanei, Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar, Abolfazl Fateh, Ahmadreza Bahrmand
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(2):116-123.
Published online April 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.03
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is more expensive and difficult to treat than multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and outcomes for patients are much worse; therefore, it is important that clinicians understand the magnitude and distribution of XDR-TB. We conducted a retrospective study to compare the estimated incidence of and risk factors for M/XDR-TB with those of susceptible TB controls.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Sputum culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) were performed in patients with known or suspected TB. Strains that were identified as MDR were subjected to DST for second-line drugs using the proportion method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Among 1,442 TB patients (mean age, 46.48 ± 21.24 years) who were culture-positive for <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic>, 1,126 (78.1%) yielded isolates that were resistant to at least one first-line drug; there were 33 isolates (2.3%) of MDR-TB, of which three (0.2%) were classified as XDR-TB. Ofloxacin resistance was found in 10 (0.7%) isolates. Women were 15% more likely than men to yield M/XDR-TB isolates, but this difference was not significant. In a multivariate analysis comparing susceptible TB with X/MDR-TB, only one variable—the number of previous treatment regimens—was associated with MDR (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–21.2).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The burden of M/XDR-TB cases is not sizeable in Iran. Nonetheless, strategies must be implemented to identify and cure patients with pre-XDR-TB before they develop XDR-TB. Our results provide a greater understanding of the evolution and spread of M/XDR-TB in an environment where drug-resistant TB has a low incidence.</p></sec>

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  • Characterization of Second-Line Drug-resistance Mutations in Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates of Andhra Pradesh, India
    Venkata Giri Prasad Polu, Basireddy Sreekanth Reddy, Kota Neela Mani Kanta, Mithun Roy, Benson Wesly Buraga, Kannan Natarajan, Bojjireddy Venkata Subba Reddy, Suneel Reddy Alla, Kogila Sreeja Vamsi, Mugudalabetta Shiva Kumar, Uday Sankar Allam
    Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology.2025; 19(4): 2974.     CrossRef
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    Saman Ayoubi, Parissa Farnia, Poopak Farnia, Jalaledin Ghanavi, Ali Akbar Velayati
    The International Journal of Mycobacteriology.2024; 13(3): 320.     CrossRef
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    Nader Salari, Amir Hossein Kanjoori, Amin Hosseinian-Far, Razie Hasheminezhad, Kamran Mansouri, Masoud Mohammadi
    Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Eastern Nigeria
    Ndubuisi O. Nwachukwu, Amara E. Ulasi, Christopher U. Okoronkwo, Valentine N. Unegbu
    Lung India.2023; 40(6): 492.     CrossRef
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE7 Enhances Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Manipulates Host Cell Cytokine Secretion Through Nuclear Factor Kappa B and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling
    Jing Suo, Xinyan Wang, Rongchuan Zhao, Pengjiao Ma, Liang Ge, Tao Luo
    Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research.2022; 42(10): 525.     CrossRef
  • The burden of pre-extensively and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among MDR-TB patients in the Amhara region, Ethiopia
    Agumas Shibabaw, Baye Gelaw, Wondwossen Gebreyes, Richard Robinson, Shu-Hua Wang, Belay Tessema, Shampa Anupurba
    PLOS ONE.2020; 15(2): e0229040.     CrossRef
  • Spoligotype and Drug Susceptibility Profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates in Golestan Province, North Iran


    Noormohamad Mansoori, Farzam Vaziri, Sirus Amini, Sharareh Khanipour, Shahin Pourazar Dizaji, Masoumeh Douraghi
    Infection and Drug Resistance.2020; Volume 13: 2073.     CrossRef
  • A comparative study of phenotypic and genotypic first- and second-line drug resistance testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Fatemeh Sakhaee, Morteza Ghazanfari, Nayereh Ebrahimzadeh, Farzam Vaziri, Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani, Mehdi Davari, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Fatemeh Hemati Mandjin, Abolfazl Fateh, Seyed Davar Siadat
    Biologicals.2017; 49: 33.     CrossRef
  • 7,509 View
  • 43 Download
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<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>This was a comparative study between Australia and Korea that investigated whether and to what extent factors related to self-rated good health (SRGH) differ by gender among age groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>This study was a secondary analysis of data that were collected in nationally representative, cross-sectional, and population-based surveys. We analyzed Australian and Korean participants > 20 years of age using 2011 data from the Australian National Nutritional Physical Activity Survey (n = 9,276) and the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (n = 5,915). Analyses were based on multiple logistic regression after controlling for covariates.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Factors associated with SRGH and the extent of their influence differed by gender among age groups within each nation. Australian SRGH was associated with more factors than Korean SRGH, except in participants > 65 years old. Many differences among adults aged 20–44 years were observed, particularly with regard to the influence of socioeconomic factors. Living with a spouse only influenced SRGH in men 20–44 years old in both countries, negatively for Korean men and positively for Australian men. In this same age group, SRGH was positively influenced by employment and attainment of a higher education level in Australian men but not among Korean men; among women, income, but not education, affected SRGH in Korea, whereas in Australia, women were more influenced by education than by income. Lack of chronic disease had a strong influence on SRGH in both countries and was influential in all Australians and Koreans except those ≥ 65 years old.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Broad features of society should be considered when discussing health and differences in associated factors and their influences. For focused public health interventions of population groups, it is also necessary to consider gender and age groups within social environments.</p></sec>

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  • Factors and age-related drivers that influence self-rated bad health in police officers: A cross-sectional study
    Hyo Young Lee, Hyuk Im, Kyu-Min Kim
    Preventive Medicine Reports.2024; 42: 102748.     CrossRef
  • The effects of medication adherence and health literacy on health‐related quality of life in older people with hypertension
    Nam Hee Park, Mi Sook Song, So Young Shin, Ji‐hye Jeong, Hyo Young Lee
    International Journal of Older People Nursing.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 7,947 View
  • 35 Download
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Intake Trends of Red Meat, Alcohol, and Fruits and Vegetables as Cancer-Related Dietary Factors from 1998 to 2009
Min Kyung Park, Hee Young Paik, Yeonsook Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(3):180-189.
Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.005
Objectives
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and cancer incidence and mortality have been increasing steadily in South Korea. This study aimed to examine the change in consumption of three cancer-related dietary factors—red meat, alcohol, and fruits/vegetables, and to evaluate consumption of these dietary factors among Koreans according to the criteria from the recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research.
Methods
Consumption of red meat, alcoholic beverages, and fruits and vegetables was calculated from the 24-hour recall data of 36,486 individuals older than 20 years who were selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2009. The intake adequacy of these three factors was evaluated by the recommended criteria of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research report.
Results
The mean red meat intake in the men in their 20s increased sharply (from 91.6 g to 111.3 g, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The mean alcohol intake increased continuously in men (from 10.3 g to 20.0 g, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and women (from 1.5 g to 3.5 g, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The mean fruit/vegetable intake decreased in the 21–29–year age group (from 349.4 g to 306.7 g in men; from 393.3 g to 292.5 g in women; <i>p</i> < 0.05). The percentage of individuals who did not meet the intake criteria for the three cancer-related dietary factors was especially high, and the percentage increased over 10 years in those in their 20s (<i>p</i> < 0.05).
Conclusion
We confirmed that intakes of red meat, alcoholic drink, and fruits and vegetables have moved toward a negative direction in both men and women in their 20s.

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    Sanghee Han, Yong Weon Yi, Hail Kim, Min Young Lee, Hyunjin Choi, Yeon-Sun Seong, In Jin Ha, Seok-Geun Lee
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    So-Young Kim, Meeyoung Kim
    International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Scien.2024; 35: 100875.     CrossRef
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    Fan Zhang, Yongfei Chai, Jiajia Ren, Xiaoyu Xu, Cuiqi Jing, Haimeng Zhang, Yuhong Jiang, Hong Xie
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associations of cooking practices and healthy eating habits among young Korean adults in their 20s
    So-Young Kim, Ji Yu Choi
    International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Scien.2023; 31: 100644.     CrossRef
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    Imane Harkati, Mohamed Kamal Hilali, Nezha Oumghar, Mouna Khouchani, Mohamed Loukid
    Canadian Respiratory Journal.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
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    So-young Kim, EunJu Lee
    British Food Journal.2020; 122(9): 2841.     CrossRef
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    Jakyung Son, Yujin Lee, Kyong Park
    European Journal of Nutrition.2019; 58(6): 2477.     CrossRef
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    Hye Ah Lee, Hyo Jeong Hwang, Se Young Oh, Eun Hee Ha, Hyesook Park
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    Hye Ah Lee, Hyesook Park
    Nutrients.2018; 10(8): 1077.     CrossRef
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    Ji Kim, Jeonghee Lee, So-Youn Jung, Jeongseon Kim
    Nutrients.2017; 9(12): 1331.     CrossRef
  • Associations between high-risk alcohol consumption and sarcopenia among postmenopausal women
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    Menopause.2017; 24(9): 1022.     CrossRef
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Accuracy of Self-reported Hypertension, Diabetes, and Hypercholesterolemia: Analysis of a Representative Sample of Korean Older Adults
Heeran Chun, Il-Ho Kim, Kyung-Duk Min
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(2):108-115.
Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.12.002
Objectives
This study will assess the accuracy of self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia among Korean older adults.
Methods
Using data from the fourth Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES IV, 2007–2009), we selected 7,270 individuals aged 50 years and older who participated in both a health examination and a health interview survey. Self-reported prevalence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypercholesterolemia was compared with measured data (arterial systolic/diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol).
Results
An agreement between self-reported and measured data was only moderate for hypercholesterolemia (κ, 0.48), even though it was high for HTN (κ, 0.72) and DM (κ, 0. 82). Sensitivity was low in hypercholesterolemia (46.7%), but high in HTN and DM (73% and 79.3%, respectively). Multiple analysis shows that predictors for sensitivity differed by disease. People with less education were more likely to exhibit lower sensitivity to HTN and hypercholesterolemia, and people living in rural areas were less sensitive to DM and hypercholesterolemia.
Conclusion
Caution is needed in interpreting the results of community studies using self-reported data on chronic diseases, especially hypercholesterolemia, among adults aged 50 years and older.

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Composition of Metabolic Syndrome Among Korean Adults in a Lifestyle Modification Intervention
Nan-He Yoon, Seunghyun Yoo, Hyekyeong Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(6):370-377.
Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.005
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the composition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components among middle-aged and older Koreans.
Methods
A total of 263 participants (age 40 + years) in a lifestyle modification intervention program who met the MetS definition of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) – Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria were included in the study. The frequent patterns and clustering of MetS components were investigated. Clustering of changes in individual components, through a lifestyle modification intervention, was also identified. All characteristics were stratified by and compared between sexes.
Results
Approximately 80% of the participants had three of five MetS risk factors at baseline. The prevalence of each risk differed by sex. MetS composition patterns that do not include low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were more noticeable in men because of the low prevalence of low HDL cholesterol. In women, with higher prevalence of low HDL cholesterol, more patterns that include low HDL cholesterol were observed. The most common combination was “elevated blood pressure + abdominal obesity + impaired fasting glucose” in both sexes. Clustering of MetS risks was also found with most of the frequent combinations of MetS components. Through the lifestyle intervention, the greatest change was observed in HDL cholesterol among men and blood pressure among women. Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were likely to be improved with blood pressure in men and abdominal obesity in women.
Conclusion
Differences in the prevalent patterns of MetS compositions were observed prior to and after the intervention, along with during-intervention changes. It is recommended that intervention strategies and guidelines for MetS management consider the MetS composition patterns for effectiveness.

Citations

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  • Temporal Sequence of Metabolic Syndrome Components: Abdominal Obesity as the Primary Driver of Progression in a Korean Prospective Cohort Study
    Hoon Seok Kim, Jaeeun Yoo
    Medicina.2025; 61(8): 1498.     CrossRef
  • Development and Evaluation of a Blended Self-Management Program for Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases
    BoAe Im, HyunSoo Oh, SooHyun Kim, HyeSun Jeong, WhaSook Seo
    Health Education & Behavior.2024; 51(4): 625.     CrossRef
  • Gender Differences of Health Behaviors in the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome for Middle-Aged Adults: A National Cross-Sectional Study in South Korea
    Jaehee Yoon, Jeewuan Kim, Heesook Son
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(7): 3699.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the physical activity level, nutrition quality, and depression in patients with metabolic syndrome
    İsmet Kazaz, Ender Angin, Seray Kabaran, Gözde İyigün, Berkiye Kirmizigil, Mehtap Malkoç
    Medicine.2018; 97(18): e0485.     CrossRef
  • Effects of prolonged exercise versus multiple short exercise sessions on risk for metabolic syndrome and the atherogenic index in middle-aged obese women: a randomised controlled trial
    JinWook Chung, KwangJun Kim, Jeeyoung Hong, Hyoun-Joong Kong
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  • Health related behavior patterns and associated factors among marriage immigrant women using latent class analysis
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    Chan Young Park, So Young Kim, Jong Won Gil, Min Hee Park, Jong-Hyock Park, Yeonjung Kim
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(4): 224.     CrossRef
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Evidence Gap on the Prevalence of Non-conventional Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in Iran
Abdolreza Shaghaghi, Ali Ahmadi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(5):292-297.
Published online October 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.08.002
Objectives
Robust scientific evidence exists about the role of non-conventional risk factors in type 2 diabetes worldwide. The current epidemiological pattern of the disease in Iran suggests a precipitating role for these non-conventional risk factors. This review was performed to examine the research evidence suggesting a higher prevalence of non-conventional type 2 diabetes risk factors in Iran.
Methods
MeSH keywords were applied to search several databases, including PUBMED, MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, Iran DOC, and the Scientific Information Database without a time limit from inception to September 2011. The quality of the non-interventional and population-based studies on Iranians included in these databases was assessed by the authors and any disagreement was resolved with consensus.
Results
The literature search yielded 1847 publications, of which 62 were included in this study after eliminating non-relevant and overlapping papers. No study was found that verified a higher prevalence of the non-conventional type 2 diabetes risk factors in the Iranian population.
Conclusion
The identified evidence gap about the role of prominent non-conventional risk factors of type 2 diabetes in the Iranian population could be a major caveat in the application of an evidence-based approach to endorse or reject existing hypothesis about these risk factors. Studies on the prevalence of non-conventional biomarkers of type 2 diabetes among Iranians could be a promising area of research.

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  • Application of Pender’s health promotion model for type 2 diabetes treatment adherence: protocol for a mixed methods study in southern Iran
    Nahid Shahabi, Zahra Hosseini, Teamur Aghamolaei, Amin Ghanbarnejad, Ahmad Behzad
    Trials.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and determinants of diabetes and prediabetes in southwestern Iran: the Khuzestan comprehensive health study (KCHS)
    Sanam Hariri, Zahra Rahimi, Nahid Hashemi-Madani, Seyyed Ali Mard, Farnaz Hashemi, Zahra Mohammadi, Leila Danehchin, Farhad Abolnezhadian, Aliasghar Valipour, Yousef Paridar, Mohammad Mahdi Mir-Nasseri, Alireza Khajavi, Sahar Masoudi, Saba Alvand, Bahman
    BMC Endocrine Disorders.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of modified Nordic diet with cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetes patients: a cross-sectional study
    Elnaz Daneshzad, Shaghayegh Emami, Manije Darooghegi Mofrad, Sahar Saraf-Bank, Pamela J. Surkan, Leila Azadbakht
    Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research.2018; 10(3): 153.     CrossRef
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Clonorchiasis among the Populations Served by Primary Healthcare Posts along Five Major Rivers in South Korea
Kyung Ja June, Shin Hyeong Cho, Won Ja Lee, Chunmi Kim, Kyung-Soon Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013;4(1):21-26.
Published online February 28, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.12.002
Objectives
Clonorchiasis is an infectious disease caused by the Chinese liver fluke <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i>. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and risk factors of clonorchiasis among the populations served by primary healthcare posts along five major rivers in South Korea.
Methods
Forty primary healthcare posts that are located less than 5 km from one of the five rivers were selected from 26 counties. For the purpose of the survey, community health practitioners selected the nearest villages from the riversides in their own catchment area. From January to May 2009, a total of 2788 stool samples were collected and examined using the formalin–ether sedimentation technique. Village inhabitants were also interviewed by means of questionnaires in order to obtain information on potential risk factors.
Results
The prevalence rates of clonorchiasis at various river basins were as follows: Seomjin River, 21.3%; Nakdong River, 13.5%; Geum River, 9.2%; Han River, 7.6%; and Yeongsan River, 4.9%. The total number of people infected with <i>C. sinensis</i> was 329 (11.3%). By gender, 14.3% of males and 7.6% of females were infected. In case of both males and females, the prevalence rate was highest in those in their 40s. Consumption of raw freshwater fish was confirmed as a risk factor based on a logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion
The present findings suggest that clonorchiasis is still highly prevalent among the inhabitants of riverside areas in southern Korea, and, accordingly, it is necessary to implement a systematic control program in the endemic areas.

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    Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2016; 27(4): 346.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Clonorchiasis among Residents of Riverside Areas in Muju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
    Do-Soon Park, Sung-Jin Na, Shin Hyeong Cho, Kyung Ja June, Young-Chae Cho, Young-Ha Lee
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(4): 391.     CrossRef
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    Chunmi Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Aeyoung So
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2013; 24(4): 398.     CrossRef
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Multilocus Sequence Analysis of Housekeeping Genes and Antigenic Determinant Genes in Bordetella pertussis Strains Isolated in Korea
Sang-Oun Jung, Yu Mi Moon, So-Hyeon Kim, Hwa Young Sung, Seung-Jik Kwon, Yeon Ho Kang, Jae Yon Yu
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2011;2(2):115-126.
Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.08.003
Objectives
To confirm genotype diversities of clinical isolates of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> and to evaluate the risk of pertussis outbreak in Korea.
Methods
Seven housekeeping genes and 10 antigenic determinant genes from clinical <i>B. pertussis</i> isolates were analyzed by Multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Results
More variant pattern was observed in antigenic determinant genes. Especially, <i>PtxS1</i> gene was the most variant gene; five genotypes were observed from eight global genotypes. In the bacterial type, the number of observed sequence types in the isolates was seven and the most frequent form was type 1 (79.6%). This major sequence type also showed a time-dependent transition pattern. Older isolates (1968 and 1975) showed type 1 and 6 in housekeeping genes and antigenic determinant genes, respectively. However, these were changed to type 2 and 1 in isolates 1999–2008. This transition was mainly attributed to genotype change of <i>PtxS1</i> and <i>Fim3</i> gene; the tendency of genotype change was to avoid vaccine-derived genotype. In addition, there was second transition in 2009. In this period, only the sequence type of antigenic determinant genes was changed to type 2. Based Upon Related Sequence Types (BURST) analysis confirmed that there were two clonal complexes (ACCI and ACCII) in the Korean isolates. Moreover, the recently increased sequence type was revealed as AST2 derived from AST 3 in ACCI.
Conclusions
Genotype changes in Korean distributing strains are still progressing and there was a specific driving force in antigenic determinant genes. Therefore continuous surveillance of genotype change of the distributing strains should be performed to confirm interrelationship of genotype change with vaccine immunity.

Citations

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  • Construction of recombinant attenuated Bordetella pertussis bacteria of the ptxP3-ptxA1-fim3-2-fim2-2 genotype
    Sergey V. Kulikov, Matvej A. Loktev, Alisa Yu. Medkova, Galina K. Sadykova, Lyudmila N. Sinyashina, Alexei G. Prilipov, Gennadiy I. Karataev
    Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobi.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Emergence of Macrolide-Resistant Bordetella pertussis Harboring the A2047G Mutation During the 2024 Pertussis Outbreak in Korea
    YeJi Kim, Kyu Ri Kang, Yi Hyeon Kwon, Yoon Kyung Cho, Bin Ahn, Seung Ha Song, Byung Ok Kwak, Dong Hyun Kim, Jin Lee, Soo Young Lee, Yoon Ha Hwang, Seung Hyun Jung, Sang Hyuk Ma, Hyun Mi Kang, Jin Han Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pertussis in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Resurgence, Diagnosis, and Management
    Hyun Mi Kang, Taek-Jin Lee, Su Eun Park, Soo-Han Choi
    Infection & Chemotherapy.2025; 57(1): 13.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of Bordetella pertussis Strains Isolated from India
    Shweta Alai, Manish Gautam, Sonali Palkar, Jitendra Oswal, Sunil Gairola, Dhiraj P. Dhotre
    Pathogens.2022; 11(7): 794.     CrossRef
  • Variation in Bordetella pertussis Susceptibility to Erythromycin and Virulence-Related Genotype Changes in China (1970-2014)
    Ying Yang, Kaihu Yao, Xiang Ma, Wei Shi, Lin Yuan, Yonghong Yang, Daniela Flavia Hozbor
    PLOS ONE.2015; 10(9): e0138941.     CrossRef
  • Recent Trends of Antigenic Variation inBordetella pertussisIsolates in Korea
    So-Hyun Kim, Jin Lee, Hwa Young Sung, Jae Yon Yu, Seong Han Kim, Mi Sun Park, Sang-Oun Jung
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(3): 328.     CrossRef
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Objectives
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that has shown a remarkable increase, but little is known about the prevalence of low HDL-C in Korea. This study aimed to evaluate changing trends of low HDL-C prevalence, and indicate other risk factors associated with low HDL-C.
Methods
We selected subjects aged ≥20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 1998, 2001, and 2005 (<i>n</i> = 7962, 6436, and 6412). The mean level of HDL-C and the prevalence of low HDL-C was calculated, and cardiovascular risk factors associated with low HDL-C, as well as demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and nutrition factors, were assessed using the KNHANES 2005 data.
Results
Mean HDL-C levels in men and women between KNHANES 1998 and 2005 decreased significantly, from 48.1 to 42.3 and from 51.6 to 47.1 mg/dL, respectively (both <i>p</i> < 0.001). The decrease was slightly less for women compared with men for the same period, and women had higher HDL-C levels at all periods. Covariate-adjusted OR revealed that body mass index, waist circumference, and non-alcohol drinker in both men and women were associated with low HDL-C levels by KNHANES 2005, as were employed and light physical activity in men and low fat intake in women.
Conclusion
The prevalence of low HDL-C increased significantly from KNHANES 1998 to 2001 and 2005 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in both men and women. body mass index, waist circumference, and non-alcohol drinker were identified as associated with low HDL-C in Korean adults.

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  • Beneficial Effect of Cuban Policosanol on Blood Pressure and Serum Lipoproteins Accompanied with Lowered Glycated Hemoglobin and Enhanced High-Density Lipoprotein Functionalities in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blinded Trial with Healthy J
    Kyung-Hyun Cho, Hyo-Seon Nam, Seung-Hee Baek, Dae-Jin Kang, Hyejee Na, Tomohiro Komatsu, Yoshinari Uehara
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(6): 5185.     CrossRef
  • Interactive effects of the low‐carbohydrate diet score and genetic risk score on Hypo‐HDL‐cholesterolemia among Korean adults: A cross‐sectional analysis from the Ansan and Ansung Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
    SoHyun Park, Min‐Jae Jang, Min Young Park, Jun‐Mo Kim, Sangah Shin
    Food Science & Nutrition.2022; 10(9): 3106.     CrossRef
  • Decrease in HDL-C is Associated with Age and Household Income in Adults from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017: Correlation Analysis of Low HDL-C and Poverty
    Kyung-Hyun Cho, Hye-Jeong Park, Suk-Jeong Kim, Jae-Ryong Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2019; 16(18): 3329.     CrossRef
  • The association between lipid profiles and the neurologic outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    Hyoung Youn Lee, Dong Hun Lee, Byung Kook Lee, Kyung Woon Jeung, Yong Hun Jung, Jung Soo Park, Jin Hong Min, Yong Il Min
    Resuscitation.2019; 145: 26.     CrossRef
  • Differential association of dietary carbohydrate intake with metabolic syndrome in the US and Korean adults: data from the 2007–2012 NHANES and KNHANES
    Kyungho Ha, Kijoon Kim, Ock K. Chun, Hyojee Joung, YoonJu Song
    European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.2018; 72(6): 848.     CrossRef
  • The High Prevalence of Low HDL-Cholesterol Levels and Dyslipidemia in Rural Populations in Northwestern China
    Pengfei Ge, Caixia Dong, Xiaolan Ren, Elisabete Weiderpass, Chouji Zhang, Haoqiang Fan, Jing Zhang, Yongrui Zhang, Jinen Xi, Shahrad Taheri
    PLOS ONE.2015; 10(12): e0144104.     CrossRef
  • Treino de natação para pessoas sedentárias com lesão medular e concentração de colesterol-HDL
    Fabio Barreto Rodrigues, Carmen Silvia Grubert Campbell
    Revista Neurociências.2015; 23(2): 233.     CrossRef
  • Composition of Metabolic Syndrome Among Korean Adults in a Lifestyle Modification Intervention
    Nan-He Yoon, Seunghyun Yoo, Hyekyeong Kim
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(6): 370.     CrossRef
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Distribution of Virulence Genes and Their Association of Serotypes in Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates From Diarrheal Patients in Korea
Seung-Hak Cho, Kyung-Hwan Oh, Seong-Han Kim, Hee-Bok Oh, Mi-Sun Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2010;1(1):29-35.
Published online December 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2010.12.008
Objectives
To characterise the genetic and serological diversity of pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>, we tested 111 <i>E coli</i> strains isolated from diarrhoeal patients in Korea between 2003 and 2006.
Methods
The isolates were tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and slide agglutination method for the detection of virulence genes and serotypes, respectively. To compare the expression of Shiga toxin (<i>stx</i>)-1 and <i>stx2</i> genes, real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR and rapid exprssion assay, reversed-passive latex agglutination, were performed.
Results
Forty-nine Shiga toxin-producing <i>E coli</i> (STEC) strains and 62 non-STEC strains, including 20 enteropathogenic <i>E coli</i>, 20 enterotoxigenic <i>E coli</i>, 20 enteroaggregative <i>E coli</i>, and 2 enteroinvasive <i>E coli</i> were randomly chosen from the strains isolated from diarrhoeal patients in Korea between 2003 and 2006. PCR analysis indicated that locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island, that is, <i>eae</i>A, <i>esp</i>ADB, and <i>tir</i> genes were present in STEC, enteropathogenic <i>E coli</i>, and enteroinvasive <i>E coli</i>. Quorum sensing-related gene <i>lux</i>S was detected in most of pathogenic <i>E coli</i> strains. Major serotypes of the STEC strains were O157 (26%) and O26 (20%), whereas the non-STEC strains possessed various serotypes. Especially, all the strains with serotype O157 carried <i>stx</i>2 and the tested virulence factors. Of the STEC strains, the data of real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR and reversed-passive latex agglutination tests showed that messenger RNA- and protein expression of <i>stx</i>2 gene were higher than those of <i>stx</i>1 gene.
Conclusion
Our results provide the epidemiological information regarding the trend of STEC and non-STEC infections in the general population and show the fundamental data in association of serotypes with virulence genes in diarrhoeagenic <i>E coli</i> strains from Korea.

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    Mahmoud M. Bendary, Marwa I. Abdel-Hamid, Walaa A. Alshareef, Hanan M. Alshareef, Rasha A. Mosbah, Nasreen N. Omar, Mohammad M. Al-Sanea, Majid Alhomrani, Abdulhakeem S. Alamri, Walaa H. Moustafa
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    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Masoumeh Rasoulinasab, Fereshteh Shahcheraghi, Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi, Bahram Nikmanesh, Azade Hajihasani, Shahram Sabeti, Mohammad Mehdi Aslani
    Microbial Drug Resistance.2021; 27(3): 369.     CrossRef
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    You Jin Kim, Ju Yeon Park, Soo Hwan Suh, Mi‐Gyeong Kim, Hyo‐Sun Kwak, Soon Han Kim, Eun Jeong Heo
    Food Science & Nutrition.2021; 9(12): 6866.     CrossRef
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    Mitra Gholami, Rashin Mohammadi, Mohsen Arzanlou, Fakhraddin Akbari Dourbash, Ebrahim Kouhsari, Gharib Majidi, Seyed Mohsen Mohseni, Shahram Nazari
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hyun Jung Kim, Minseon Koo, A-Ram Jeong, Seung-Youb Baek, Joon-Il Cho, Soon-Ho Lee, In-Gyun Hwang
    Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biologic.2014; 57(3): 367.     CrossRef
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